Abstract: Herein are fluid compositions and methods of making such compositions, wherein the compositions comprise C1 to C4 esters of a mixture of C3–C6 branched carboxylic acids and C3–C6 linear carboxylic acids.

Abstract: An aqueous liquid or gel type detergent composition comprising boric acid or a boron compound, a polyhydroxy compound, and a relatively high level of calcium ion to stabilize a selected ?-amylase enzyme is described.

Abstract: A drycleaning method is disclosed. The method uses a composition comprising 30 to 90 wt. % of a dipropylene glycol C3-C4 alkyl ether, 5 to 65 wt. % of one or more C10-C15 hydrocarbons, and 1 to 10 wt. % of water. The method combines acceptable stain removal with faster-than-expected evaporability, particularly at the elevated temperatures used in commercial drycleaning.

Abstract: In a process for dyeing a textile web having a first face and a second face opposite the first face, dye is applied to the textile web and the dyed web is then immersed in a flowing treatment liquid with the textile web in a generally open configuration. A contact surface of an ultrasonic vibration system is immersed in the flowing treatment liquid with the contact surface in direct contact with at least a portion of the textile web immersed in the treatment liquid. The ultrasonic vibration system is operated to impart ultrasonic energy to the portion of the textile web immersed in the treatment liquid at the contact surface of the ultrasonic vibration system to facilitate the removal of unbound dye from the textile web for entrainment in the flow of treatment liquid.

Abstract: A resin molding material for making pulleys containing a novolac type phenolic resin, a glass fiber, an inorganic substrate other than the glass fiber, and an elastomer is described. The novolac type phenolic resin, ranges from 25% by weight to 45% by weight, the glass fiber together with the inorganic substrate other than the glass fiber ranges from 45% by weight to 65% by weight, and the elastomer ranges from 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight, relative to the entire molding material and are blended together. As the inorganic substrate other than the glass fiber, for example, calcium carbonate is used. As the elastomer, for example, NBR is used. The phenolic resin molding material is molded to obtain a resin pulley.

Abstract: A process for removing dye on the surface of natural textiles utilizing ozone is disclosed. The process also prevents redeposit of dye which is residual in a dyeing process. The time and temperature of the process is dependent upon the type of dye and the temperature the process is run. The process can be used in vat dyeing, jet dyeing, package dyeing and the like.

Abstract: A method is provided for dyeing a nonwoven fabric comprising a blend of fibers to a single color shade. The method includes selecting a nonwoven fabric formed of a blend of polyester and nylon fibers, where the polyester fibers comprise about X percent by weight of the fabric and the nylon fibers comprise about Y percent by weight of the fabric. A single bath is formulated having about X percent by weight disperse dye and about Y percent by weight acid dye, adjusted for the desired color shade/depth. The nonwoven fabric is then dyed to obtain a dyed fabric having a single color shade of at least Grade 4 when measured in accordance with AATCC Test Method 153 and a colorfastness of at least Grade 4 when measured in accordance with AATCC Test Method 61.

Abstract: A method and a system for treating betula wood to change the coloration thereof to resemble that of Cherry wood or heartwood of birch is described. The betula wood is introduced in treatment chamber which is under atmospheric pressure. Hot steam from a steam generator is introduced in the treatment chamber in a lower section thereof for subjecting the betula wood to be treated to a hot water vapor environment. The temperature and humidity levels in the treatment chamber are controlled over a time span until the betula wood is completely saturated with water and has obtained a desired color transformation. This color transformation is uniform throughout the thickness of the wood and thereby highlights the grain in the betula wood while at the same time changes its color whereby it resembles Cherry wood or heartwood of birch. The treated wood is then cooled in the treatment chamber and removed therefrom for further processing.

Abstract: The use of pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225) and tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234) in refrigeration equipment is disclosed. These materials are generally useful as refrigerants for heating and cooling, as blowing agents, as aerosol propellants, as solvent composition, and as fire extinguishing and suppressing agents.

Abstract: A method for knitting denim comprising: dyeing yarn with a dyestuff to obtain dyed-yarn; knitting the dyed-yarn into a foundation layer and front layer to compose the denim, wherein the front layer is tensely tautened in intermittence with a tensile force greater than a tensile force on the foundation layer to make the foundation layer have random knots; and respectively washing two faces of the denim to remove the residual dyestuff. By knitting the yarn to compose the denim, the denim has even twilling patterns and excellent softness. By tensely tautening the front layer in intermittence during the knitting process, multiple random knots are generated on the foundation layer. Therefore, the achieved denim possesses multiple good features of softness, random knotting, and even twilling patterns.

Abstract: A fabric treatment composition comprising from about 0.0001% to about 0.01% by weight of a fabric substantive dye loaded onto a particle carrier having an average particle size of less than 100 ?m is disclosed. The process for making the fabric treatment composition is described. A fabric substantive dye-loaded particle carrier having an average particle size of less than 100 ?m and comprising from about 0.001% to about 1% by weight of a fabric substantive dye is described.

Abstract: A liquid preparation of a paper dye comprising a) 15 to 50% by weight of the dye of the formula CuPc[SO2NH(CH2)3N(CH3)2]2 to 3[SO3H]1 to 2 (1), in which CuPc represents copper phthalocyanine, or the alkali metal salt of (1), b) 5 to 15% by weight of ?-caprolactam, c) 1 to 8% by weight of formic acid, d) 1 to 7% by weight of benzyl alcohol, e) 0 to 3% by weight of a lower aliphatic organic acid, f) 0 to 5% by weight of an inorganic salt and g) water, to complete to 100% by weight, a process for the production of said preparation and the use thereof for dyeing, in particular dyeing of paper.

Abstract: A process for enhancing the thermal, oxidative and photochemical stability of dyed or printed polyamide fiber material, comprises treating the polyamide fiber material, before, during or after a dyeing or printing step, with an effective stabilizing amount of a stabilizer mixture which comprises at least one compound of the formula and at least one compound of the formula in which R1 and R1? independently of one another are each linear or branched C1-C18alkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, C3-C6alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl or C7-C12aralkyl, and R2, R2?, R3, R3?, R4 and R5 are as described herein. The treated polyamide fiber materials have excellent thermal, oxidative and photochemical stability.

Abstract: The present invention is related to an aqueous coloring composition for keratin fibres especially human hair. Accordingly the subject of the present invention is an aqueous hair coloring composition comprising at least one hair dye and at least one color effect pigment consisting of synthetic mica coated with metal oxide or oxides and having a volume particle size distribution in the range of 1 to 750 ?m at a concentration of 0.01 to 10% by weight, calculated to total composition.

Abstract: Anthraquinone dyes of formula wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each independently of one another hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted C1-C12alkyl, X1 is chloro or fluoro, B1 is methylene-phenylene-methylene which is unsubstituted or substituted in the phenylene ring by C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C2-C4alkanoylamino, halogen, carboxy or sulfo, or is a radical of formula —(CH2)3—CH(CH3)—CH2—, —CH2—CH2—CH(C2H5)—, —CH2—CH(OH)—CH2— or —CH2—C(CH3)2—CH2—, Y is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C1-C12alkyl, or phenyl or naphthyl, each unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C2-C4alkanoylamino, halogen, carboxy, sulfo or a radical of formula —SO2—Z, wherein Z is a group of formula —CH?CH2 or —CH2—CH2—U1, and U1 is a leaving group, are particularly suitable for dyeing or printing cellulosic fiber materials or natural or synthetic polyamide fiber materials in high tinctorial yield and give dyeings and prints of good fastness properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to new compositions and methods for cleaning textile substrates, especially carpet and upholstery fabrics. More particularly, this invention relates to liquid compositions that contain absorbent particles in a flowable fluid dispersion, which dries to a soil ladened powder, that can be removed by vacuuming, brushing, and/or laundering methods. The composition includes dispersion stabilizing additives such that the composition is presented as a stable dispersion or as a composition that may be easily redispersed prior to application.

Abstract: Methods of enhancing stain resistance of fibers, carpet yarns and carpets are disclosed. Treating compositions used to enhance the stain resistance of fibers, carpet yarns and carpets are also disclosed.

Abstract: The novel method relates to dyeing a textile article with medicinally rich herbs to produce natural, unique, deep and fast coloured textile articles having medicinal effects shield the human skin. Successive stages of dyeing include desizing, bleaching, scouring, galling, mordanting, dyeing, washing, colour fixing and finishing. The textile article is pretreated with camel/buffalo/cow dung, Myrobalans and Alum for fixation and development of colour and finally with extract of herbs for dyeing. Salts of copper, chromium, tin and iron can also be use as mordants to modify the shade. In yarn dyeing, drying is done by hanging on a bamboo stick in sunlight and for even penetration of dye yarn is continuously rotated in a dye solution. Novel herbal dyes, methods and cloths made thereof, in chemical free, detergent free, non hazardous, eco friendly, pollution free, having anti-allergic, antiseptic and antimicrobial functions are disclosed.

Abstract: A textile treatment delivery system adapted to impart textile conditioning composition and fragrance to a fabric while it is being dried in a heated drier, the delivery system comprising at least one textile conditioning composition and at least one fragrance in a sublimable carrier substance. The treatment is efficient and leaves virtually no residue.

Abstract: A method for producing a colored cellulose fiber, comprising: a step (1) of introducing a carboxylic group or a sulfonic acid group into cellulose fiber, and a step (2) of treating the cellulose fiber having the carboxylic group or the sulfonic acid group introduced with an aromatic derivative having one or more hydroxyl groups and a metal salt simultaneously or separately, and a colored cellulose fiber produced by the same method.