Abstract: The invention relates to methods for producing a fermentation product from a lignocellulose-containing material comprising i) pre-treating lignocellulose-containing material; ii) hydrolyzing pre-treated lignocellulose-containing material; iii) fermenting using a fermenting organism; wherein fermentation is initiated and carried out at: a) a fermentation organism cell count in the range from 10-250×1010 cells per L fermentation medium; or b) a fermentation organism concentration in the range from 2-90 g dry weight fermenting organism per L fermentation medium.

Abstract: There is disclosed a spray apparatus for holding contents comprising diatomaceous earth and a compressed propellant for propelling the diatomaceous earth. There is also disclosed use of diatomaceous earth to control a population of bedbugs, wherein the diatomaceous earth comprises remains of pennate diatoms. There is also disclosed a method of controlling a population of insects, the method comprising causing a compressed propellant to propel diatomaceous earth on a surface. Method of manufacturing a spray apparatus and methods of preparing diatomaceous earth for use in controlling a population of insects are also disclosed.

Abstract: In one non-limiting aspect, sterilizable reagent materials for diagnostic elements are provided. In other aspects, sterilized diagnostic elements and techniques for the production of the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, a sterilized diagnostic element includes a chemical detection reagent including at least one component that is sensitive to ionizing radiation. The sterilized diagnostic element is also mediator-free and the at least one component sensitive to ionizing radiation is present in a functional form in a proportion of ?80% based on the total amount of the respective component in the diagnostic element before sterilization. In certain aspects, the at least one component sensitive to ionizing radiation includes one or both of an enzyme and a coenzyme. Other aspects include, but are not limited to, unique methods, techniques, products, systems and devices involving sterilizable reagent materials or sterilized diagnostic elements.

Abstract: A system, including methods and compositions, for treatment of ischemia.

Abstract: Peptide vectors having high KDR binding affinity and processes for making such vectors are provided. The peptide vectors may be conjugated to phospholipids and included in ultrasound contrast agent compositions. Such ultrasound contrast agents are particularly useful in therapeutic and diagnostic methods, such as in imaging KDR-containing tissue and in the evaluation and treatment of angiogenic processes associated with neoplastic conditions. The present invention also provides processes for the large scale production of highly pure dimeric and monomeric peptide phospholipid conjugates as well as precursor materials used to form the conjugates. The present invention further provides processes for the large scale production of highly pure peptide phospholipid conjugates which contain very low levels of TFA.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to a method of preparing a fibrous protein smectic hydrogel by way of a solvent templating process, comprising the steps of pouring an aqueous fibrous protein solution into a container comprising a solvent that is not miscible with water; sealing the container and allowing it to age at about room temperature; and collecting the resulting fibrous protein smectic hydrogel and allowing it to dry.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are conjugates comprising a biomolecule linked to a label that have biological activity and are useful in a wide variety of biological applications. For example, provided herein are polymerase-nanoparticle conjugates including a polymerase linked to a nanoparticle, wherein the conjugate has polymerase activity. Such conjugates can exhibit reduced aggregation and improved stochiometries wherein the average biomolecule:nanoparticle ratio approaches or equals 1:1. Also disclosed herein are improved methods for preparing such conjugates, and methods and systems for using such conjugates in biological applications such as nucleotide incorporation, primer extension and single molecule sequencing.

Abstract: PKC V5 isozyme-specific peptides are described. The sequences and compositions comprising the sequences are useful for treating disease states associated with the PKC isozyme from which they are respectively derived. Methods of treatment, pharmaceutical formulations and methods of identifying compounds that mimic the activity of the peptides are also described.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the application of a previously unknown property of nanomaterials—its ability to enhance protein activity and stability at high temperatures, in organic solvents, and in polymer composites. Nanomaterials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can significantly enhance enzyme function and stability in strongly denaturing environments. Experimental results and theoretical analysis reveal that the enhancement in stability is a result of the curvature of these nanoscale materials, which suppresses unfavorable protein-protein interactions.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for producing cannabinoids and cannabinoid analogs as well as a system for producing these compounds. The inventive method is directed to contacting a compound according to Formula I or Formula II with a cannabinoid synthase. Also described is a system for producing cannabinoids and cannabinoid analogs by contacting a THCA synthase with a cannabinoid precursor and modifying at least one property of the reaction mixture to influence the quantity formed of a first cannabinoid relative to the quantity formed of a second cannabinoid.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides protein-containing compositions, methods and uses thereof. A conjugate comprises a globular protein conjugated with a polymer that preserves the folded and functional structure of a protein. In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises a globular protein conjugated with an elastin-mimic polymer (EMP). Also disclosed is an assembled solid-state or gel-state nanostructure comprising a plurality of conjugates, wherein each comprises a globular protein conjugated with a polymer that preserving the folded and functional structure of a protein. In certain embodiments, provided compositions and methods further comprise an additive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a dicarboxylic acid and ethanol which comprises fermenting a genetically modified yeast in a suitable fermentation medium under anaerobic conditions at a pH value of between 1 and 5 and producing the dicarboxylic acid and ethanol. The invention also relates to a process for crystallizing succinic acid from an aqueous solution having a pH of between 1 and 5 and comprising succinic acid, comprising removing part of the aqueous solution by evaporation to obtain a concentrated solution, and bringing the temperature of the concentrated solution to a value of between 10 and 30 degrees Celsius, wherein succinic acid crystals are formed.

Abstract: A non-leachable, crosslinked, on a nanometer scale formed magnetic enzyme aggregate, consisting of a non-layered, hybrid nano-composite of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and aggregated enzyme particles, is described. The magnetic enzyme aggregate can have a high enzyme content, of up to 99%. The high enzyme content allows the use on a small scale, such as for example in a fluidized bed, of the magnetic enzyme aggregate. Also, a process for the preparation of the present magnetic enzyme aggregate is described.

Abstract: Provided are compositions and formulations or co-formulations containing a hyaluronan degrading enzyme. The compositions, formulations or co-formulations can also contain another therapeutic agent, such as one that is suitable for treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, for example, a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor. The compositions and formulations can be used for the treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. The compositions and formulations can be provided in combinations with one or more other agents for the treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for activating a catalyst using the photothermal effects of photothermal nanomaterials, and more particularly to a method of activating a catalyst at a temperature, at which the catalyst has low or no activity, by irradiating a catalyst-photothermal nanomaterial composite with light. The method can activate the catalyst by increasing only the temperature around the nanomaterials without substantially changing the temperature of the reaction medium. A catalyst that generally has high activity at room temperature can be activated even at low temperature. Catalysts having high activity only under mild conditions are immobilized on photothermal nanomaterials so that they have activity even under low temperature and extreme conditions. The invention is useful when a catalyst substrate unstable at room temperature is used or a catalytic product unstable at room temperature is produced.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to novel methods and compositions for using engineered reprogramming factor(s) for the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through a kinetically controlled process. Specifically, this disclosure relates to establishing combinations of reprogramming factors, including fusions between conventional reprogramming factors with transactivation domains, optimized for reprogramming various types of cells. More specifically, the exemplary methods disclosed herein can be used for creating induced pluripotent stem cells from various mammalian cell types, including human fibroblasts. Exemplary methods of feeder-free derivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells using synthetic messenger RNA are also disclosed.

Abstract: Peptide vectors having high KDR binding affinity and processes for making such vectors are provided. The peptide vectors may be conjugated to phospholipids and included in ultrasound contrast agent compositions. Such ultrasound contrast agents are particularly useful in therapeutic and diagnostic methods, such as in imaging KDR-containing tissue and in the evaluation and treatment of angiogenic processes associated with neoplastic conditions. The present invention also provides processes for the large scale production of highly pure dimeric and monomeric peptide phospholipid conjugates as well as precursor materials used to form the conjugates. The present invention further provides processes for the large scale production of highly pure peptide phospholipid conjugates which contain very low levels of TFA.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing 186/188Re-labeled human serum albumin (HSA) microspheres by 186/188Re(I)-tricarbonyl ion. This radioactive particle can be subjected to radioembolization for liver tumor. In this method, 186/188Re(I)-tricarbonyl ion (186/188Re(OH2)3(CO)3)+) are employed as a precursor for directly labeling HSA microspheres with 186/188Re at appropriate temperature.

Abstract: System and methods for isolation of collagen and other fibrous tissue from adipose tissue are described herein. The method of the present invention isolates the collagen from adipose tissue by sonication. The tissue to be sonicated is placed in a container or a flow cell transparent to ultrasound waves. After sonication the sonicated material is filtered out through the bottom of the flow cell and the sonicated collagen is trapped in the filter, which may be taken for further processing. The isolated collagen can then be combined with a suitable carrier for re-injection to correct various tissue defects such as wrinkles, to form a carrier for the stem cells, a filler, and matrix for new collagen production by injecting into the desired area of the host.

Abstract: A method for distinguishing prostate cancer from prostatic hypertrophy using the method for analyzing PSA and an analysis kit of PSA are provided. An object of the present invention can be solved by being brought into contact a lectin having an affinity for ?-N-acetylgalactosamine residues with a sample possibly containing PSA, to determine an amount of PSA having an affinity for the lectin. A method for distinguishing prostate cancer from prostatic hypertrophy can be provided by this method.