Abstract: A snapshot backscatter radiography (SBR) system and related method includes at least one penetrating radiation source, and at least one substantially transmissive radiation detector. The substantially transmissive radiation detector is interposed between an object region to be interrogated and the radiation source. The substantially transmissive radiation detector receives and detects forward radiation from the radiation source before transmitting a portion thereof to interrogate the object region, wherein a portion of backscattered radiation provided by the object region is detected by the detector. A changeable collimating grid having a plurality of spaced apart radiation absorbing features is coupled to structure changing a position of the plurality of features and is disposed in at least one of the path of the forward radiation and the path of the backscattered radiation.

Abstract: A scanning-based arrangement for obtaining tomosynthesis data of an object (5) at high repetition rate comprises a support structure (11); scanning-based apparatuses (10) fixedly arranged on the support structure and each including (i) radiation source (1), and (ii) a radiation detector (6) comprising a stack of line detectors (6a), each being directed towards the radiation source to allow a ray bundle (b1, . . . , bn, . . . , bN) of radiation that propagates in a respective one of various different angles (?1, . . . , ?n, . . .

Abstract: A method for detecting nuclear species in a sample by adaptive scanning using nuclear resonance fluorescence may comprise illuminating the target sample with photons from a source; detecting a signal in an energy channel; determining a scan evaluation parameter using the signal detected; determining whether the scan evaluation parameter meets a detection efficiency criterion; adjusting one or more system parameters such that the scan evaluation parameter meets the detection efficiency criterion; and comparing the signal in an energy channel to a predetermined species detection criterion to identify a species detection event. In another embodiment, detecting a signal in an energy channel may further comprise detecting photons scattered from the target sample. In another embodiment, detecting a signal in an energy channel may further comprise detecting photons transmitted through the target sample and scattered from at least one reference scatterer.

Abstract: Apparatus for analysis of a sample includes a radiation source, which is adapted to direct a converging beam of X-rays toward a surface of the sample. At least one detector array is arranged to sense the X-rays scattered from the sample as a function of elevation angle over a range of elevation angles simultaneously, and to generate output signals responsively to the scattered X-rays. The detector array has a first configuration in which the detector array senses the X-rays that are reflected from the surface of the sample at a grazing angle, and a second configuration in which the detector array senses the X-rays that are diffracted from the surface in a vicinity of a Bragg angle of the sample. A signal processor processes the output signals so as to determine a characteristic of the surface layer of the sample.

Abstract: A monochromator 4 is used to direct X-rays from X-ray source 2 onto a sample 14 as a convergent beam. The sample 14 is in a growth chamber. The sample is rotated, and diffraction measurements are made in parallel with multichannel detector 22. A specific reflection is used so that the intensity against angle graph measured in the multichannel detector gives information about the vertical lattice parameter. To compensate for wobble inevitably introduced by the rotation of the sample, short time measurements are made and summed.

Abstract: A rotating anode bearing housing includes an x-ray tube frame (106) that has a vacuum chamber (108). An anode (110) resides within the vacuum chamber (108) and rotates on a shaft (114) via a bearing (117). The bearing (117) is attached to an interior surface (126) of the x-ray tube frame (106). The bearing (117) transfers thermal energy from the shaft (114) to the x-ray tube frame (106).

Abstract: This invention pertains to an x-ray microprobe that can be placed very close the sample surface. A practical implementation is an x-ray target material integrated to an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip and an electron beam is focused to the target materials to generate x-ray emission. This microprobe can be combined with energy-resolved detector or a fluorescence imaging system for material analysis applications.

Abstract: A universal integrated wireless digital dental x-ray sensor and positioning apparatus includes a digital array sensor, such as CCD or CMOS, attached to a distal end of a bite block portion through a hinge assembly. Attached to an opposite end of the bite block portion is a housing. The housing houses the electrical components which includes the digital imaging processing unit, a wireless transmitting unit, a power source for operating the electronics and a coupling for recharging the power source. An on-board viewer may be in the housing. The electrical components are coupled to the sensor through wires embedded within the bite block portion and extending through the hinge assembly. A target x-ray member is attached to the tubular housing for proper direction of the x-rays onto the sensor.

Abstract: An X-ray tube 1 comprises of a bulb 10 joined to an envelope main body 4 at one end side thereof and having an inner cylinder portion 10a extending inwardly at the other end side thereof, a metal tube 11 having an extension portion 11a abutting against the inner cylinder portion 10a on the outer periphery of one end side thereof and projecting to the outside of the bulb 10 through the inner cylinder portion 10a at the other end side thereof, and a target supporter 12 supporting a target T at the one end side thereof and inserted into the metal tube 11 at the other side thereof. The inner cylinder portion 10a of the bulb 10 and the extension portion 11a of the metal tube 11 are fuse-bonded to each other, and the target supporter 12 is welded to the end portion of the metal tube 11 projecting from the bulb 10.

Abstract: An X-ray computed tomography apparatus according to this invention includes a gantry (1) which scans an imaging target region of a subject to be examined in accordance with scan conditions, a reconstruction unit (36) which reconstructs image data from projection data, a scan plan setting support system (40) which sets scan conditions, an image SD calculating unit (41) which calculates an image SD associated with an index of picture quality on the basis of the set scan conditions, a data storage device (35) which stores sample image data having a reference value of an image SD, a simulation image generating unit (42) which generates simulation image data corresponding to the calculated image SD from the sample image data on the basis of the calculated image SD and the reference value of the image SD, and a display (38) which displays the generated simulation image data.