Abstract: A fuel cell comprising a series of cascaded cell stacks comprising at least one humidifier-degasser coupled to the cell stacks proximate a stack inlet; the at least one humidifier-degasser comprising at least one degasification section fluidly coupled upstream of at least one humidifier section; and at least one inert concentrator cell coupled downstream from the cell stacks proximate a stack vent.

Abstract: A reference electrode assembly includes a porous separator and a continuous electroactive material layer disposed on a surface of the porous separator. The electroactive material layer includes between about 20 wt. % and about 80 wt. % of an electroactive material and between about 20 wt. % and about 80 wt. % of an electrically conductive material. A loading density of the electroactive material is greater than or equal to about 0.01 mAh/cm2 to less than or equal to about 0.1 mAh/cm2. The electroactive material can be selected from the group consisting of: LiFePO4 (LFP), lithium-aluminum alloys, lithium-tin alloys, and combinations thereof; and the electrically conductive material can be selected from the group consisting of: carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphite, metal nano-micro particles, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a low-internal-resistance ceramic-coated separator, a preparation method thereof, and a lithium battery. The low-internal-resistance ceramic-coated separator of the present disclosure includes a polymer base film, and a ceramic layer coated on one or two sides of the polymer base film. The ceramic layer adopts low-sodium boehmite and does not contain sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). A sodium content of the ceramic layer is less than 1000 ppm, so that a Gurley increase value of the separator is significantly lowered. When applied to the lithium battery, the ceramic layer can greatly reduce an internal resistance of a cell, thereby improving the power performance and discharge efficiency of the battery.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques for fabricating a straight or slanted surface-relief grating with a uniform or non-uniform grating depth. According to certain embodiments, a gray-tone photoresist includes a novolac resin, a diazonaphthoquinone (DNQ) dissolution inhibitor, and one or more crosslinking agents for crosslinking the novolac resin at an elevated temperature to increase a glass transition temperature of the gray-tone photoresist and/or lower an etch rate of the gray-tone photoresist. After gray-tone photo exposure and development, the gray-tone photoresist is baked at the elevated temperature to crosslink. The crosslinked gray-tone photoresist has a higher density and a higher glass transition temperature, and thus would not become flowable to cause ripples or other surface roughness during the etching.

Abstract: The present invention is a positive resist material containing a compound having two or more urethane groups and having a carboxyl group and a sulfonium salt or iodonium salt of a carboxylic acid, the carboxyl group being substituted with an acid-labile group and being bonded to a first urethane group via a first linking group, and the sulfonium salt or iodonium salt being bonded to a second urethane group directly or via a second linking group. This provides a positive resist material that has higher sensitivity than conventional positive resist materials, achieves excellent resolution, and small edge roughness and CDU, and allows excellent pattern profile after exposure to light.

Abstract: A bismaleimide compound represented by formula (1): wherein A1 represents a direct bond, a divalent linking group represented by formula (1-1), (1-2), or (1-3): wherein ring a represents a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring; X represents a direct bond or a divalent linking group; and Z represents a monovalent substituent; and A2 represents a divalent linking group that is a residue of a saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound, a divalent linking group that is a residue of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound, or a divalent linking group other than this; and when A2 is present singly, A2 is a divalent linking group that is a residue of a saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound, and when a plurality of A2 S is present, at least one of A2s is a divalent linking group that is a residue of a saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound.

Abstract: A photoactive compound including an organic cation; and an anion represented by Formula (1): wherein X is an organic group; Y1 and Y2 are each independently a non-hydrogen substituent; Y1 and Y2 together optionally form a ring; Z2 is hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-30 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-30 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-30 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-50 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C7-50 arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C7-50 alkylaryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-50 aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-30 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted C4-30 alkylheteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted C4-30 heteroarylalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C3-30 heteroaryloxy; Z2 optionally further comprises one or more divalent linking groups as part of its structure; Z2 and one of Y1 or Y2 together optionally form a ring; X and Z2 together optionally form a ring; and X and one of Y1 or Y2 together optionally form a

Abstract: The present invention relates to a secondary battery capable of reducing costs and increasing capacity. For example, disclosed is a secondary battery characterized by comprising: an electrode assembly including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator; a case accommodating the electrode assembly; and a cap assembly coupled to the upper portion of the case, wherein the first electrode comprises: a first current collector; a first current collecting tab structure extending from the first current collector and having a plurality of bent current collection parts; and a first lead tab electrically connected to the first current collecting tab structure, wherein, in the first current collecting tab structure, the width of the current collection parts increases from the center of the electrode assembly to the outside, and the distance between the current collection parts increases.

Abstract: A method of forming patterns includes coating a metal-containing resist composition on a substrate, sequentially coating two types of compositions for removing edge beads along an edge of the substrate, performing a heat-treatment including drying and heating to form a metal-containing resist film on the substrate, and exposing and developing the metal-containing resist film to form a resist pattern; or coating a metal-containing resist composition on a substrate, coating a composition for removing edge beads along an edge of the substrate, performing a heat-treatment including drying and heating to form a metal-containing resist film on the substrate, exposing the metal-containing resist film, and developing with a developing solution composition to form a resist pattern, wherein details of the two types of compositions for removing edge beads and the developing solution composition are as described in the specification.

Abstract: With respect to a secondary battery of one embodiment of the present invention, at least one of a positive electrode core body and a negative electrode core body is configured such that the tensile elongation in the central part in the width direction is higher than the tensile elongation in both end parts in the width direction. With respect to a secondary battery of another embodiment of the present invention, at least one of a positive electrode core body and a negative electrode core body is configured such that the number of crystal grains per unit area in the central part in the width direction is smaller than the number of crystal grains per unit area in both end parts in the width direction.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming a first layer on a wafer through a single shot exposure, a single shot of the first layer including first overlay marks; forming a second layer and a first photoresist film on the first layer; and performing an upper shot exposure and a lower shot exposure onto the first photoresist film based on a first overlay function of the single shot of the first layer generated based on absolute measurement of the first overlay marks. An upper shot transferred by the upper shot exposure and a lower shot transferred by the lower shot exposure are identical to each other, and an area of each of the upper shot and the lower shot is less than an area of the single shot of the first layer.

Abstract: An object is to provide a novel bismaleimide compound. The solution is a bismaleimide compound represented by formula (1): wherein A1 represents a direct bond, a divalent linking group represented by formula (1-1), (1-2), or (1-3): wherein ring a represents a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring; X represents a direct bond or a divalent linking group; Z represents a monovalent substituent bonded to ring a; and A2 represents a divalent linking group obtained by removing two carboxy groups from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound.

Abstract: A separator for an electrochemical device, where the separator includes a semi-crystalline and/or amorphous polymer, such as polyvinyl acetate and polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, as a binder polymer of an inorganic coating layer. The surfaces of the inorganic particles are at least partially coated with a coupling agent. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the inorganic particles from being detached from the inorganic coating layer. In addition, phase separation is accelerated under a humidified condition in manufacturing the separator so that the surface of the separator may be provided with an adhesive portion in which a large amount of binder polymer is distributed. As a result, the separator may have improved binding force to an electrode.

Abstract: A battery cell manufacturing method includes receiving an electrode assembly in a battery case, preparing an electrolytic solution saturated with a soluble gas, injecting the electrolytic solution into the battery case, and impregnating the electrode assembly with the electrolytic solution.

Abstract: Provided are a lithium battery and a manufacturing method therefor, the lithium battery comprising: a cathode; an anode; and a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode and including a porous substrate and an adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer of the separator contains ceramic particles and a binder at a mixing weight ratio of 4:6 to 6:4, the binder is a polyvinylidene fluoride-based compound, the binder includes a first binder and a second binder, and the adhesion ratio of the lithium battery, which is represented by equation 1 below, is 0.05 to 1.0. adhesion ? ratio = { ( dry ? adhesion - 10 ) / ( wet ? adhesion - 350 ) } < Equation ? 1 > In equation 1, dry adhesion and wet adhesion are as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: A separator for a lithium-based battery, and method for fabricating the same is disclosed. The method includes oxidizing cellulose fibrils to form oxidized cellulose having carboxylic functional groups, decorating the oxidized cellulose with nanoparticles, and forming the nanoparticle-decorated oxidized cellulose into a film to become the separator for the lithium-based battery. The cellulose may be a bacterial cellulose. The cellulose fibrils may be oxidized through a TEMPO oxidation. Decorating the oxidized cellulose with nanoparticles may include introducing a precursor solution to the oxidized cellulose that reacts with hydroxyl groups of the oxidized cellulose while preserving the carboxylic functional groups, causing the nanoparticles to nucleate on the surface of the oxidized cellulose. The nanoparticles may be composed of an oxide material. The oxide material may be SiO2. The precursor solution may be tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS).

Abstract: Solid-polymer electrolytes, methods of making solid-polymer electrolytes, and uses of solid-polymer electrolytes. A solid-polymer electrolyte comprises a cross-linked polymer network. A cross-linked polymer network may comprise a plurality of groups, which may be cross-linked groups, such as, for example, cross-linked difunctional polyether groups, cross-linked difunctional ionic groups, non-crosslinked groups, which may be referred to as “dangling” groups, or a combination thereof, and a plurality of cross-linked multifunctional crosslinker groups. A solid polymer electrolyte can be formed by polymerization. A solid polymer electrolyte can be formed in situ in a device. A solid polymer electrolyte can be used in devices such as, for example, batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and the like.

Abstract: A fluoride composition configured for fluoride ion intercalation, the fluoride composition comprising one of: a) a defect fluoride pyrochlore composition of the general formula AMIIMIIIF6; or b) a fluoride weberite composition of the general formula A1-2MM? F6-7, where the oxidation state of M and M? are such that the composition is charge balanced. An F-ion energy storage cell comprising: a first electrode configured for fluoride ion intercalation, where the first electrode comprises one of: a defect fluoride pyrochlore composition, or a fluoride weberite composition; a second electrode; an electrolyte; and a separator. A method of manufacturing an F-ion energy storage cell comprising forming an F-ion composition configured for fluoride ion intercalation; forming a first electrode from the F-ion composition; and forming a cell having the first electrode, a second electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte.

Abstract: Provided is a battery housing. The battery housing has an opening at both ends in a length direction, respectively, and the battery housing is provided with at least one cooling unit extending along the length direction. The cooling unit is provided with a coolant channel for coolant circulation, and the at least one cooling unit divides the internal space of the battery housing into at least two accommodating cavities spaced apart from top to bottom in a height direction. Each accommodating cavity is used for accommodating a battery cell. By providing the cooling unit in the battery housing, the heat generated by the battery cell can be dispelled immediately, thereby quickly and effectively solving the heat dissipation problem of the battery cell during charging and discharging. Also provided are a lithium-ion secondary battery and an electric vehicle.

Abstract: A battery plate may include a current collector, wherein at least one face of the current collector may include a coated area and an uncoated area that may be connected, the coated area may be coated with an active material layer and an insulation layer, and the insulation layer may be located on one side of the active material layer close to the uncoated area. The insulation layer may include a first part and a second part that may be connected, the second part may be located in an edge area of the insulation layer close to the active material layer, and the active material layer may be configured to cover the second part, such that the active material layer may partially overlap with the insulation layer in a thickness direction of the plate.