Abstract: A process for charging a discharged electrochemical cell includes applying a voltage bias to the discharged electrochemical cell; and illuminating the cathode with a light source.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel fluorine-containing polymer, a radiation-sensitive resin composition for liquid immersion lithography which contains the fluorine-containing polymer, which leads to a pattern having an excellent shape and excellent depth of focus, wherein the amount of an eluted component in a liquid for liquid immersion lithography such as water that comes in contact with the resist during exposure in liquid immersion lithography is little, and which provides a larger receding contact angle between the resist film and the liquid for liquid immersion lithography such as water, and a method for purifying the fluorine-containing polymer. The present resin composition comprises a novel fluorine-containing polymer (A) containing repeating units represented by the general formulae (1) and (2) and having Mw of 1,000-50,000, a resin (B) having an acid-unstable group, a radiation-sensitive acid generator (C), a nitrogen-containing compound (D) and a solvent (E).

Abstract: A fuel cell system for supplying anode gas and cathode gas to a fuel cell and causing the fuel cell to generate power according to a load includes a component that circulates discharged gas of either the anode gas or the cathode gas discharged from the fuel cell to the fuel cell. The fuel cell system includes a power generation control unit that controls a power generation state of the fuel cell on the basis of the load, a freezing prediction unit that predicts the freezing of the component on the basis of a temperature of the fuel cell system. The fuel cell system includes an operation execution unit that executes a warm-up operation without stopping the fuel cell system or after the stop of the fuel cell system in the case of receiving a stop command of the fuel cell system when the freezing of the component is predicted.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising a cathode, an anode, and an elastic polymer protective layer disposed between the cathode and the anode, and a working electrolyte, wherein the elastic polymer protective layer comprises a high-elasticity polymer having a thickness from 50 nm to 100 ?m, a lithium ion conductivity from 10?8 S/cm to 5×10?2 S/cm at room temperature, and a fully recoverable tensile elastic strain from 2% to 1,000% when measured without any additive or filler dispersed therein and wherein the high-elasticity polymer comprises a crosslinked polymer network of chains derived from at least one multi-functional monomer or oligomer selected from an acrylate, polyether, polyurethane acrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, or di(trimethylolpropane) tetraacrylate, wherein a multi-functional monomer or oligomer comprises at least three reactive functional groups.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a secondary battery includes the following steps. An insertion portion of a negative-electrode terminal is inserted into a terminal connection hole that is formed in a first negative-electrode current collector and crimped on a tapered portion to form a crimped portion. A gap is formed between the crimped portion and the tapered portion. Energy rays are radiated toward at least one of the crimped portion and the tapered portion to melt the at least one of the crimped portion and the tapered portion such that a melted metal flows into the gap. The melted metal is solidified to form a solidified portion, and the negative-electrode terminal and the first negative-electrode current collector are joined to each other. The solidified portion has a recessed portion.

Abstract: Provided in the embodiments of the application are a bidirectional pressure relief valve, a battery and an electric device. The bidirectional pressure relief valve includes a valve seat, a first valve element and a second valve element, where the valve seat has a first end and a second end opposite each other, a channel and a partition plate, the channel penetrating the first end and the second end, a first pressure relief hole being provided on the partition plate, and the partition plate being arranged on an inner wall of the channel, and dividing the channel into a first cavity and a second cavity in an axial direction of the channel. The bidirectional pressure relief valve of the application can be applied to the battery to maintain balance between internal pressure and external pressure of the battery.

Abstract: A rechargeable lithium battery includes a negative electrode including a negative current collector, a negative active material layer disposed on the negative current collector, and a negative electrode functional layer disposed on the negative active material layer; and positive electrode including a positive current collector and a positive active material layer disposed on the positive current collector, wherein the negative electrode functional layer includes flake-shaped polyethylene particles, the positive active material layer includes a first positive active material including at least one of a composite oxide of a metal selected from cobalt, manganese, nickel, and a combination thereof and lithium, a second positive active material including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, and carbon nanotubes, and the carbon nanotubes have an average length of 30 ?m to about 100 ?m. LiaFe1-x1Mx1PO4??Chemical Formula 1 In Chemical Formula 1, 0.90?a?1.8, 0?x1?0.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition for a flexographic printing original plate is disclosed which exhibits reduced adhesion of dust, dirt, and paper powder, resistance to UV ink and allows storage of the printing original plate for a long period of time. A water-developable photosensitive resin composition for flexographic printing, contains at least a polyamide and/or a polyamide block copolymer (a), a cross-linking agent having one or more unsaturated group(s) (b), a photo-polymerization initiator (c), and a fatty acid ester (d), wherein the fatty acid ester (d) has two or more hydroxyl groups and 24 or 25 carbon atoms in a molecule, wherein the fatty acid ester (d) is a fatty acid ester of a compound selected from fatty acids having a number of carbon atoms of 12 to 22, and wherein a content of the fatty acid ester (d) in the photosensitive resin composition is 0.2 to 6% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a non-linear, copolymer comprising recurring units derived from vinylidene fluoride (VDF) monomer, at least one functional comonomer and optionally at least one fluorinated ethylenic comonomer. The non-linear fluorinated copolymer comprises from 0.01 to 3.0% by moles of recurring units derived from functional comonomer. The non-linear fluorinated copolymer can be used as electrode binder in batteries.

Abstract: An electrolytic solution comprising N-(fluorosulfonyl)-N-(fluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide or di(fluorosulfonyl)imide, from which a residual solvent that affects the properties of the electrolyte solution material is reduced, is provided. A method for producing an electrolyte solution material containing fluorosulfonyl imide salt represented by the following general formula (1) and an electrolyte solution preparation solvent comprises decompressing and/or heating a solution containing the fluorosulfonyl imide salt and the electrolyte solution preparation solvent to volatilize a production solvent for the fluorosulfonyl imide salt. In general formula (1), R1 represents a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R2 represents an alkali metal ion.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising a cathode, an anode, and an elastic polymer protective layer disposed between the cathode and the anode, and a working electrolyte in ionic communication with the anode and the cathode, wherein the elastic polymer protective layer comprises a high-elasticity polymer having a thickness from 2 nm to 200 ?m, a lithium ion conductivity from 10?8 S/cm to 5×10?2 S/cm at room temperature, and a fully recoverable tensile elastic strain of at least 5% when measured without any additive or filler dispersed therein and wherein the high-elasticity polymer comprises a crosslinked polymer network of chains derived from a phosphazene compound and wherein the crosslinked polymer network of chains is impregnated with from 0% to 90% by weight of a liquid electrolyte.

Abstract: An electrolyte, including a fluorine-containing phosphate ester and a carboxylate ester, wherein the fluorine-containing phosphate ester is represented by Formula 1: R1, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, a C1-C10 alkyl group, C1-C10 alkoxy group, C1-C10 haloalkyl group, C1-C10 haloalkoxy group, C1-C10 phosphate ester group, or C1-C10 mono- or multiple-carbonate ester group, wherein at least one of R1, R2 and R3 comprises a fluorine atom. The weight ratio of the fluorine-containing phosphate ester to the carboxylate ester is 0.001-0.5.

Abstract: Disclosed is lithium secondary battery that may include: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; an electrolyte; and a separator positioned between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The separator may include: a separator substrate; and a fibrous adhesive layer formed on one or both surfaces of the separator substrate.

Abstract: A modular system for traction batteries of motor vehicles, having multiple battery modules includes respective battery cells, which can be electrically connected to one another in modular manner to produce different variants of traction batteries, wherein the battery modules each have a modular housing, in which the respective battery cells are arranged in fluid-tight manner; the battery modules each have a mechanical interface by means of which the battery modules can be attached to an underside of a motor vehicle.

Abstract: Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of method of inducing or providing a pH gradient in electrochemical or chemical systems. Briefly, the pH gradient is induced by use of coated particles or films with an ion exchange ionomer.

Abstract: Lead/lead oxide/carbon (“Pb—O—C”) nanocomposite materials are useful as electrode active materials for electrodes in lithium and sodium batteries. A Pb—O—C nanocomposite as described herein comprises Pb and lead oxide nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed in a carbon nanoparticle matrix. In the nanocomposite, the other element or elements (e.g., transition metals, Al, Si, P, Sn, Sb, and Bi) can be alloyed with the Pb nanoparticles, incorporated as a mixed oxide with the lead oxide nanoparticles, or can be present as distinct elemental or oxide nanoparticles within the carbon nanoparticle matrix. In some embodiments, the additional element or elements are present as alloys and mixed oxides with the Pb materials and as distinct elemental and/or oxide nanoparticles. In a preferred embodiment the Pb nanoparticles surface is oxidized to lead oxide thus creating a shell on core nanostructure.

Abstract: In an aspect, provided is an alkaline rechargeable battery comprising: i) a battery container sealed against the release of gas up to at least a threshold gas pressure, ii) a volume of an aqueous alkaline electrolyte at least partially filling the container to an electrolyte level; iii) a positive electrode containing positive active material and at least partially submerged in the electrolyte; iv) an iron negative electrode at least partially submerged in the electrolyte, the iron negative electrode comprising iron active material; v) a separator at least partially submerged in the electrolyte provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; vi) an auxiliary oxygen gas recombination electrode electrically connected to the iron negative electrode by a first electronic component, ionically connected to the electrolyte by a first ionic pathway, and exposed to a gas headspace above the electrolyte level by a first gas pathway.

Abstract: An all-solid secondary battery, including: a cathode; an anode; and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein the anode comprises an anode current collector; a first anode active material layer in contact with the anode current collector and comprising a first metal; a second anode active material layer disposed between the first anode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer and comprising a carbon-containing active material; and a contact layer between the second anode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer, and disposed such that the contact layer prevents contact between the second anode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer, wherein the contact layer comprises a second metal, and has a thickness less than a thickness of the first anode active material layer.

Abstract: Provided are a solid electrolyte composition including an inorganic solid electrolyte and a dispersion medium (A), in which the dispersion medium (A) includes a ketone compound (A1), and at least one dispersant (A2) selected from a ketone compound (A2-1) having a chemical structure different from the ketone compound (A1) or a alcohol compound (A2-2) and a method of manufacturing the same, a solid electrolyte-containing sheet, an electrode sheet for an all-solid state secondary battery, and a method of manufacturing an all-solid state secondary battery.

Abstract: Energy storage devices, battery cells, and batteries of the present technology may include a housing characterized by a first end and a second end opposite the first end. The housing may include a circumferential indentation proximate the first end. The housing may define a first interior region between the first end and the circumferential indentation, and the housing may define a second interior region between the circumferential indentation and the second end. The batteries may include a set of electrodes located within the housing. The set of electrodes may be positioned within the second interior region of the housing. The batteries may include a cap at least partially contained within the first interior region of the housing. The batteries may also include a first insulator positioned within the housing. The first insulator may extend across the circumferential indentation from the cap to the set of electrodes.