Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of an aqueous calcium chloride solution, which process comprises: locating a charge of calcium carbonate within a reaction vessel; and contacting an aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid with the calcium carbonate charge to produce carbon dioxide and the aqueous calcium chloride solution. The carbon dioxide produces a foam at the top of the aqueous calcium chloride solution and entrains therewithin at least a portion of any fines contained in such solution. In one embodiment, the fines are removed from the reaction system by allowing the foam and its entrained fines to overflow the reaction vessel. In another embodiment, removal of the fines is achieved by providing a foam reservoir into which the foam and its entrained fines continuously enter and a defoaming mechanism for breaking down the entering foam.

Abstract: Mechanically strong, H.sub.2 O-stable, macroporous spheroidal silica particulates, well adopted as catalysts/catalyst supports, are produced by (i) granulating and agglomerating a particular hydrosol of silica with a particular silica xerogel or aerogel, and (ii) drying the resultant silica particulates.

Abstract: Process for pretreatment at atmospheric pressure or a pressure close to atmospheric pressure by alkaline wetting and holding at temperature of natural materials whose gangue comprises argillaceous compounds capable of forming a stable plastic suspension in the presence of water and containing at least one combustible element which can be put into useful form wherein, in order to permit subsequent easy operations for separation of the liquid aqueous and solid phases of the gangue:(a) the natural material which was possibly been subjected to a preliminary drying operation is brought into intimate contact with at least 4 kg expressed in terms of OH.sup.- of at least one alkaline agent per ton of clay contained in said material, the total volume of liquid present in the natural material after the contacting operation being such that the ratio L/S of said volume expressed in terms of cubic meters to the weight of solid expressed in tons of dry ore is at most equal to 0.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the improvement of a vanadium-phosphorus-oxygen catalyst or a vanadium-phosphorus-oxygen-co-metal catalyst suitable for use in the manufacture of maleic anhydride from butane, which process comprises applying in situ water and a phosphorus compound in an amount to partially deactivate a portion of the catalyst in a catalyst bed containing an exotherm of reaction which was present in the catalyst bed prior to the addition of the phosphorus compound, thereby moving the exotherm downstream into the catalyst bed and thus improving the catalyst.These catalysts are useful for the manufacture of maleic anhydride from butane feedstock.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing color or color inducing impurities to petroleum derived wax by means of an adsorbent comprising a refined inorganic oxide having a pore distribution such that at least 60% of the pores possess a size of less than 350 Angstroms. Preferably, at least 90% of the pores possess a size of less than 350 Angstroms. The preferred inorganic oxide is an aluminum oxide and preferably has a surface area between 200 square meters per gram and 500 square meters per gram. A process is also disclosed for wax finishing utilizing multiple beds of refined alumina which may be operated in a swing bed fashion to intimately regenerate the refined alumina absorbent by such procedural steps as naphtha soaking, steam treating and heating in air.

Abstract: A method of hydrolyzing cellulose to glucose and other saccharides, involving the bringing together in a reaction area an alphacellulose containing material, water, an effective amount of a calcium chloride catalyst and a minor amount of HCl. The temperature of said reaction mixture is adjusted to between 150.degree. C. to 250.degree. C. at a pressure of at least 160 psig for a retention time of at least 10 seconds in the reaction area to convert the alphacellulose to glucose and other saccharides. The method involves the use of HCl on a total mass basis, ranging from 0.025% to 1.0% by weight of the reaction mixture which is fed into the reactor.

Abstract: A binder-diluent for direct compression tableting based on pulverized crystalline fructose is prepared by granulating the fructose with a small amount of a disaccharide syrup such as maltose syrup.

Abstract: Diesel range fuel is produced in excess of gasoline range fuel from virgin hydrocarbon oils having low carbon content by heat soaking under mild thermal cracking conditions carried out at low pressure wherein the cracked fractions are removed substantially as they are formed.

Abstract: A high surface area, porous active carbon containing a substantially uniform dispersion of a metal or metal-containing material and a method for making the same are disclosed.

Abstract: It has been found that products made by reacting a polyalkenylsuccinic compound with an aromatic secondary amine or hindered phenol containing a hydroxyalkyl group, followed by reaction with an alkanolamine or an aminomethane, give a novel additive having utility as a dispersant and/or an anticorrosion agent when placed in a lubricant.

Abstract: Dispersant lubricating oil additives are prepared by reacting oil-soluble dispersant compositions containing at least one primary or secondary amino group with SO.sub.2.

Abstract: Lubricating oil dispersancy is improved by adding to the oil a product made by grafting an N-allyl amide (e.g. N,N-diallyl formamide) to an olefin polymer having a molecular weight of about 500-500,000 (e.g. ethylene/propylene/diene copolymer).

Abstract: A wear-resistant aircraft engine oil contains a reaction product of didodecyl phosphate and ##STR1## wherein x+y+z is 5.3.

Abstract: An oil soluble copolymer, useful as a pour point depressant for lubricating oils, is a C.sub.22 -C.sub.40, preferably C.sub.32 -C.sub.36, branched alkyl ester based polymer. These alkyl esters of copolymers are essentially free of olefinic unsaturation and have a number average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 40,000, preferably 2,000 to 15,000, optimally 2,000 to 8,000.These alkyl ester copolymers are usefully admixed with lubricants in an amount of from 0.01 to 2 wt. % based on the total weight of the admixture and are of the class consisting of a C.sub.22 -C.sub.40 branched alkyl ester of a copolymer of a C.sub.2 to C.sub.20 1-olefin and maleic anhydride and di-(2-[C.sub.22 to C.sub.40 ] alkyl) fumarate-vinyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylate e.g. acetate copolymer.

Abstract: Amides prepared from mono- or poly hydroxy-substituted aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and primary or secondary amines which are useful as friction reducing agents.

Abstract: Lubricating oil compositions which contain polycarboxylic acid-glycol esters as friction modifiers in combination with hydrocarbon soluble alkenyl succinimide dispersants with reduced tendency toward formation of sediment upon storage through addition of small proportions of polyol or polyol anhydride partial ester of a fatty acid or an ethoxylated fatty acid, amine or amide stabilizer. Glycerol oleates are preferred stabilizer additive.

Abstract: Lubricating oil dispersant VI improvers are made by grafting maleic anhydride to an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin-non-conjugated diene terpolymer in a hydrogen-treated mineral oil solvent using a free radical and then reacting the grafted intermediate with an amine containing only one primary amine group, 1-6 amino nitrogen atoms and 20-36 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium salts formed by the reaction of hexamethylenetetramine with carboxylic acids and esters, amides and nitriles substituted in the alpha position by chlorine or bromine are preservatives for aqueous solutions, emulsions, and suspensions which are susceptible to microbiological degradation.

Abstract: The viscosity index and wear inhibiting properties of lubricating oil are improved by adding an effective amount of a 20,000-300,000 molecular weight olefin copolymer to which are grafted di-C.sub.1-20 alkyl dithiocarbamate groups.

Abstract: Improvements in dispersant viscosity index improvers having antioxidant properties and their use in lubricating oils are disclosed. An ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber has grafted thereon a vinyl monomer having an epoxy group to form a precursor which is condensed with a 5-aminotetrazole by ring opening of the pendent epoxide group.