Abstract: A method for producing materials having a high purity, which comprises forming an oxidation reaction product of a parent metal and an oxygen-containing vapor-phase oxidant, comminuting the resulting ceramic body and leaching any non-oxidation reaction product and/or corresponding filler materials therefrom, and recovering said substantially pure materials.

Abstract: A silica shaped body comprising a multiplicity of interconnected secondary particles of amorphous silica, voids interspersed between the secondary particles, and at least one inorganic inactive substance selected from among carbonaceous substance, carbide, nitride and metallic oxide and physically united with the secondary particles, is prepared by containing a siliceous material, calcareous material and water to a hydrothermal synthesis reaction with heating and stirring under an elevated pressure to obtain an aqueous slurry of secondary particles of calcium silicate crystals, followed by carbonation, shaping and drying.

Abstract: High surface area open microporous, partially crystalline, partially amorphous, solid ceramic materials containing silicon carbide with or without silica with or without carbon may be prepared by controlled pyrolysis of (RSiO.sub.1.5).sub.n gels in an inert atmosphere. The silica and carbon content, surface area, and pore size and distribution may be altered by optional subsequent processing steps to selectively remove carbon and/or silica.

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic composition for temperature compensating monolithic ceramic capacitors consists essentially of a solid solution composed of barium oxide, strontium oxide, silicon oxide and zirconium oxide, which, when calculated in terms of BaO, SrO, SiO.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2 respectively and expressed by the formula:x(BaO.sub.1-.alpha. SrO.sub..alpha.)--ySiO.sub.2 --zZrO.sub.2(wherein x, y, z are the weight percentages of the respective components, x+y+z=100, and 0.ltoreq..alpha..ltoreq.0.9), have compositional proportions falling within the polygonal area defined by the points A, B, C and D in FIG. 1, the sets of x, y and z at said points A, B, C and D being as follows:______________________________________ x y z ______________________________________ A 50 49 1 B 50 20 30 C 15 20 65 D 15 84 1 ______________________________________The composition may contain, as an additive, aluminum oxide in an amount of not more than 20 parts by weight in terms of Al.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: Ceramic foams in which the open cells are connected by a three-dimensional, substantially continuous ceramic matrix formed of interconnected hollow ligaments, are made from an open-cell, reticulated precursor metal, i.e. a metal foam. The precursor metal first is treated so as to allow a support coating to form thereon, and thereafter the coated precursor is heated above the melting point of the metal in the presence of an oxidant to form an oxidation reaction product.

Abstract: A construction composition comprising an alkalin earth oxide, such as calcium oxide, a siliceous material having a high surface area to volume ratio such as diatomite, cement, fiber and other additive constituents is disclosed. The material may be formed in place or preferably pressure molded to predetermined structural shapes. A method of making the composition is disclosed wherein a dry concentrate of the alkaline earth oxide, siliceous matter, and additives is formed by ball milling; a slurry embodying additional alkaline earth oxide, siliceous material and fiber is formed with heating; and a final composition is formed by mixing the first two mixtures with additional necessary materials, including fiber, cement and siliceous material, to a paste consistency. The paste is preferably molded under pressure and thereafter cured by heating to form structural shapes.

Abstract: A shaped article is described comprising a ceramic matrix and dispersed therein in the range of 5 to 30 weight percent mechanically added silicon carbide, said article having a modulus of elasticity (E) value of at least 10 percent greater than the inherent elastic modulus value of the fully dense host matrix. The articles are useful as high temperature stable reinforcement materials in composites requiring a high modulus of elasticity.

Abstract: A multiphase, microcrystalline, nearly fully dense ceramic composite has grains comprising 0 to 95 volume percent aluminum nitride, 0 to 95 volume percent polytypes of aluminum nitride, 0 to 95 volume percent gamma-aluminum oxynitride, and 5 to 50 volume percent of at least one of titanium nitride, zirconium nitride and hafnium nitride. The composite is useful to prepare a ceramic abrasive grit or article.

Abstract: The growth medium consists of a homogeneous mixture of short rockwool fibres, and short vegetable fibres, preferably peat fibres. Humus material may be added, preferably composted sludge. To the mixture may also be added fertilizer, and seeds, e.g. grass seeds being bound to said fibres by a rapidly disintegrating binder.The method for producing said growth medium comprises intimately mixing long rockwool fibres, and vegetable fibres, preferably peat fibres, and possible additional materials in a dry state in a mixer until homogenous spheres or balls are formed which contain the components in a substantially uniform mixture, and cutting said spheres into short fibres by the aid of beating knives, a hammer mill or the like, and then conveying said medium to the growing site or to a packaging by the aid of an air jet.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a discontinuous fiber reinforced glass matrix composites by injection molding using an injection nozzle that separates substantially all of a multifilament yarn into individual fibers resulting in a composite having greater crack resistance. The method comprises impregnating continuous filament yarn with glass matrix powders comprising glass, glass-ceramic powders or a mixture thereof. The impregnated multifilament yarn is chopped into discontinuous lengths and exposed to a temperature sufficient so that the matrix material softens. Pressure is applied to the heated impregnated multifilament yarn sufficient to displace the yarn into a mold through an injection nozzle contoured such that sufficient die-wall shear forces are generated to separate substantially all of the multifilament yarn into individual filaments. A mold pressure is maintained sufficient to prevent relaxation of the composite until the strain point of the glass is reached.

Abstract: Silicon and nitrogen ions are implanted in a ceramic body of silicon carbide and the ceramic body is heated in a nonoxidizing atmosphere, whereby it is reinforced.

Abstract: A process for producing a slip cast ceramic body which comprises preparing a slip comprised of a suspension of ceramic material in a liquid vehicle, said ceramic material being comprised of a mixture of whiskers and particulates wherein the volume ratio of whiskers to particulates ranges from about 1:5 to about 1:1, said ceramic material being present in an amount greater than 4% by volume of the slip, said whiskers being present in an amount greater than about 2% by volume of said slip, and casting the slip in a porous mold.

Abstract: A composite ceramic extrusion die consisting of a silicon carbide wisker-reinforced cordierite ceramic wherein the predominant matrix phase is cordierite or, preferably, barium-stuffed cordierite having a crystal compositon xBaO.4MgO.(4+x)Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.(10-2x)SiO.sub.2 wherein x ranges from zero up to about 0.5, such extrusion die exhibiting excellent durability under the conditions of non-ferrous metal alloy extrusion at temperatures of 700.degree.-900.degree. C., is described.

Abstract: A piezoelectric ceramic material composed of a ternary solid solution of Pb(Ni.sub.1/3 Nb.sub.2/3)O.sub.3 - PbTiO.sub.3 - PbZrO.sub.3 having the composition within an area encircled by lines connecting points A(15 mol % of Pb(Ni.sub.1/3 Nb.sub.170 )O.sub.3, 45 mol % of PbTiO.sub.3 and 40 mol % of PbZrO.sub.3), F(40 mol % of Pb(Ni.sub.166 Nb.sub.2/3)O.sub.3, 30 mol % of PbTiO.sub.3 and 30 mol % of PbZrO.sub.3), C(51 mol % of Pb(Ni.sub.1/3 Nb.sub.2/3)O.sub.3, 24 mol % of PbTiO.sub.3 and 25 mol % of PbZrO.sub.3), G(45 mol % of Pb(Ni.sub.1/3 Nb.sub.2/3)O.sub.3, 35 mol % of PbTiO.sub.3 and 20 mol % of PbZrO.sub.3), H(40 mol % of Pb(Ni.sub.1/3 Nb.sub.170 )O.sub.3, 40 mol % of PbTiO.sub.3, and 20 mol % of PbZrO.sub.3) and I(30 mol % of Pb(Ni.sub.1/3 Nb.sub.2/3)O.sub.3, 45 mol % of PbTiO.sub.3 and 25 mol % PbZrO.sub.3). And at least one additive selected from the group consisting of Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5, Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, La.sub.2 O.sub.3, WO.sub.

Abstract: A SiO.sub.2 13 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 fiber glass composition is disclosed which contains a reduced amount of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 in comparison with conventional D glass to thereby improve the water resistance and heat resistance. The fiber glass composition of the present invention has a dielectric constant of 4.5 or less for 1 MHz at the room temperature, a strain point of 485.degree. C. or more, and improved water resistance. The composition consists essentially of, by weight SiO.sub.2 70-80%, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-2.0%, B.sub.2 O.sub.3 15.0-21.5%, MgO 0-1.0%, CaO 0-2.0%, Li.sub.2 O 0-2.0%, Na.sub.2 O 0-3.0%, and K.sub.2 O 0-3.0%, Li.sub.2 O+Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O=2.0-5.0%.

Abstract: A transparent yttrium oxide ceramic is made by densifying a yttrium oxide powder without addition of dopants. The yttrium oxide powder is consolidated into a body of a predetermined shape and sintered to a density such that any remaining porosity is sealed from the surrounding atmosphere. The closed porosity body is then subjected to an elevated pressure and temperature to provide the body with substantially 100% of theoretical density. The resulting body has substantial transparency over the wavelength range of 0.6 .mu.m to 7 .mu.m.

Abstract: A grouting composition, a method of grouting and a formation so grouted are disclosed. The composition comprises a very small particle size slag, an equal or greater weight of water and the optional components cement, alkali silicate, anionic dispersant, a source of orthophosphate ions, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. The grout is particularly adapted to the treatment of "tight" or low permeability formations being low in viscosity and having controllable set time and hardening time as well as high strength upon hardening. Being based on slag, a byproduct, the grout is economical.

Abstract: A low thermal expansion ceramic composition having a predominant Al.sub.2 TiO.sub.5 phase along with zirconium titanate and zirconia phases. The final overall ceramic composition after firing has a low thermal expansion between 24.degree.-1000.degree. C. of not greater than 1.5.times.10.sup.-6 .degree. C..sup.-1 and a thermal stability in air such that (a) upon heating to 1200.degree. C. for at least 4 hours there is substantially no decomposition of the Al.sub.2 TiO.sub.5 phase to rutile or alumina as measured by X-ray diffraction, (b) physical growth after thermal cycling between 200.degree. and 1150.degree. C. for 300 cycles does not exceed 1.5%, and (c) the composition maintains a low average thermal expansion between 24.degree.-1000.degree. C. of not greater than 1.5.times.10.sup.-6 .degree. C..sup.-1 after the isothermal heating or cycling conditions. The composition is preferably made by forming a mixture of the equivalent of 50-90 volume percent Al.sub.2 TiO.sub.

Abstract: The use of pectins (or pectin-like materials) as an additive to clay to provide clay compositions of enhanced plasticity and stability is disclosed.

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic composition for microwave applications having the formula ##EQU1## wherein x, y and z are molar percentages and 10.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.22, 58.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.80 and 8.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.22, O<n.ltoreq.25, and x+y+z=100;M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ca and Mg; andR is at least one selected from the group consisting of Nd, Sm and La.The dielectric ceramic composition may further contain at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, WO.sub.3, SnO.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2 in the range of more than zero to 5 mole percent based on the total molar percentage of x, y and z and have a superior combination of properties, particularly a high dielectric constant, a large Q and a small .tau.f which adapt them especially to use at the microwave region (wherein Q is the reciprocal of dielectric loss tan .delta., i.e., Q=1/tan .delta.).