Abstract: A composite phosphor screen for converting radiation, such as X-rays, into visible light. The screen includes a planar surface, which can be formed from glass, silicon or metal, which has etched therein a multiplicity of closely spaced nanochannels having diameters of the order of 5 microns or less. Deposited within each of the nanochannels is a multiplicity of nanocrystalline phosphors, having diameters of less than 100 nanometers and preferably less than 10 nanometers, which emit light when acted upon by radiation. The walls of the nanochannels are arranged to reflect the light emitted by the nanophoshors down the nanochannels to suitable light collecting device such as film or an electronic device. This minimizes light scattering and increases light collection efficiency.

Abstract: A radiation dosimeter including a series circuit of an MONOS semiconductor and a resistor or an MOS or MONOS semiconductor device whose channel conductivity type is opposite from that of the first said MONOS semiconductor device. The MONOS semiconductor device is an electrically rewritable non-volatile memory cell having a gate insulating film consisting of a tunnel oxide film, a silicon nitride film and a top oxide film. The resistor is made of polycrystalline silicon which is little affected by exposure to radiation. The series circuit is connected between a source voltage and ground (GND) and a detection signal is obtained from the connection point between the members of the series circuits.

Abstract: A method and a system for obtaining spectroscopic data of a single photon of a given energy that undergoes an interaction, beginning at a given point in time, with a room-temperature solid state detector of a given thickness and fitted with two electrodes, which detection is held at a given bias by a voltage applied to the electrodes. In the course of the interaction, pairs of electrons and holes are created within the solid state detector which induce charge on the electrodes; the method and system enable for determination of a current induced by the electrons, being a measurable and quite accurate parameter for deducing spectroscopic data. The electron induced current is defined as the charge induced on the electrodes due to the electrons only, divided by the time it takes the electrons to induce this charge. The mentioned time is considered equal to that of a particular portion of a signal of the complete induced charge, and both the time and the charge are determined by the method and the system.

Abstract: An X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction method, which is devoid of the defects of conventional diffraction apparatus using an imaging plate, which can analyzing a sample, in a non-destructive mode without contact and with a good S/N ratio, even when the sample significantly generates fluorescence or scattered X-rays.

Abstract: A method for use with a scintillation camera which detects radiation events having energies within two different energy ranges and distorts spatial coordinates of detected events in the two ranges differently, a spatial coordinate set is determined for each event, each coordinate set is adjusted using a first set of predetermined correction factors calculated to eliminate distortion in events within a first of the energy ranges yielding first corrected coordinate sets corresponding to events within the first energy range and adjusted sets corresponding to events within the second energy range, adjusted sets are further adjusted using a second set of predetermined correction factors calculated to eliminate distortion in the adjusted sets yielding corrected second sets, the first and second sets are then used to generate first and second images, respectively.

Abstract: An side stream infrared gas analyzer for detecting the concentration of a gaseous component of a substantially gaseous flow stream such as the expired air of a patient under anesthesia. The infrared gas analyzer comprises an infrared energy detector, a sample cell, and an infrared energy source which are designed to be small and to consume relatively little electrical power. The infrared energy detector converts the received incident radiation into at least one electrical signal representative of the received incident radiation and is preferably mounted directly onto a printed circuit board containing signal processing circuitry which processes the electrical detection signals provided by the infrared energy detector. The infrared energy detector also has a first infrared transmissive window on a detection side thereof through which the incident radiation passes for detection.

Abstract: A measuring cell (1) for the analysis of a gas sample by infrared absorption, with a measuring path (2) accommodating the gas sample, which has opposite limiting surfaces (7, 9) enclosing the gas sample, wherein a focusing optical component (8) is present at the first limiting surface (7) and an infrared radiation source and a radiation receiver (4) are arranged in the area of the second limiting surface (9) such that a measuring beam (13) emitted by the radiation source (3) is directed onto the radiation receiver (4) through the optical component, shall be improved such that it be suitable for the detection of gases with a long absorption path. A mirror surface (12) active for the measuring path (2) is present in the area of the second limiting surface (9), and the geometry of the optical component (8) is dimensioned such that there is an at least fourfold pass of the measuring beam (13) in the measuring path (2), utilizing the reflection of the beam on the mirror surface (12).

Abstract: A system for normalizing an infrared detector has two control loops, each of which includes a thermal source and a command system. Each command system controls the temperature of the associated thermal source. Each command system includes an error signal source for providing an error signal indicative of the difference between a commanded temperature for the thermal source and an actual temperature at the thermal source, and includes a compensator coupled between the error signal source and the thermal source. Each compensator includes a first inverse compensation circuit responsive to the error signal for providing an output, a bandwidth maximizing compensation circuit responsive to the output of the first inverse compensation circuit, and a second inverse compensation circuit responsive to an output of the bandwidth maximizing compensation circuit. The thermal source is responsive to the output of the second inverse compensation circuit.

Abstract: A pyroelectric infrared ray sensor includes a voltage amplifying circuit provided with a signal amplifying part having a non-inverting amplifier, with an integrating circuit, and with voltage dividing resistors connected at a position where an input V.sub.IN to the voltage amplifying circuit and an output V.sub.B of the integrating circuit are resistance-divided to a non-inverting input terminal of the signal amplifying part which is practically formed by an operating amplifier, wherein the signal amplifying part includes a low-pass filter formed by a resistor and a capacitor, whereby the electrostatic capacity of the required capacitor can be minimized, and the entire circuit can be minimized in size and also in manufacturing costs.