Abstract: Methods for treating retroviral infection or inhibiting HIV integrase in target cells or in a patient involve administering to target cells or to a patient in need of treatment an effective amount of at least one having a disulfonamide scaffold which is represented by the formula: wherein, independent of each other, each X independently represents hydrocarbyl, halogeno, amino, substituted amino, or alkoxy, wherein substituted amino is represented by —NR3,R4 wherein R3 and R4, are not both hydrogen and independently represent alkyl or alkenyl, n is an integer of 0, 1, 2, or 3, each Y independently represents hydrocarbyl, halogeno, amino, substituted amino or alkoxy, wherein substituted amino is represented by —NR3,R4 wherein R3 and R4, are not both hydrogen and independently represent alkyl or alkenyl, m is an integer of 0, 1, 2, or 3, and R represents di-valent hydrocarbyl, substituted or unsubstituted.

Abstract: The present invention provides a therapeutic drug for diabetes containing 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) as an active ingredient, particularly a therapeutic drug for diabetes that exhibits a GLUT4 endocytosis suppressive action by suppressing activation of PKC? and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods for treating a condition characterized by a dysregulation in macrophage lipid homeostasis. The disclosed methods may include the administration of an agent selected from a PPAR? agonist, a LXR agonist, or a combination thereof. In certain aspects, the disclosed methods may be used to prevent, treat, or ameliorate conditions such as pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) and/or symptoms associated therewith.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition containing a hydroxypyranone derivative compound as an active ingredient for promoting the differentiation of adipocytes. The composition according to the present invention has an effect of promoting the differentiation of adipocytes, and thus allows the differentiation of adipocyte in a skin layer, thereby increasing the skin volume or elasticity. Therefore, the composition of the present invention can be variously used as a cosmetic composition or a pharmaceutical composition in the field, such as skin damage.

Abstract: Neonatal seizure is different from adult seizure, and many antiepileptic drugs that are effective in adults often fail to treat neonatal seizure. Gluconic acid, a natural organic acid enriched in fruits and honey, and the glucose oxidase enzyme, is shown herein to potently inhibit neonatal epilepsy both in vitro and in vivo. Sodium gluconate is shown to inhibit epileptiform burst activity in cell cultures and protect neurons from kainic acid-induced cell death. Sodium gluconate also inhibited epileptiform burst activity in brain slices in a manner that was much more potent in neonatal animals than in older animals. Consistently, in vivo EEG recordings also revealed that sodium gluconate inhibited the epileptic seizure activity in a manner that was much more potent in neonates than in adult animals. Mechanistically, sodium gluconate inhibits voltage-dependent CLC-3 Cl? channels both in neuronal cultures and in hippocampal slices.

Abstract: Azaindazole compounds for treating various diseases and pathologies are disclosed. More particularly, the present invention concerns the use of an azaindazole compound or analogs thereof, in the treatment of disorders characterized by the activation of Wnt pathway signaling (e.g., cancer, abnormal cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, fibrotic disorders, bone or cartilage diseases, and osteoarthritis), the modulation of cellular events mediated by Wnt pathway signaling, as well as genetic diseases and neurological conditions/disorders/diseases due to mutations or dysregulation of the Wnt pathway and/or of one or more of Wnt signaling components. Also provided are methods for treating Wnt-related disease states.

Abstract: A method of promoting remyelination in a subject in need thereof includes administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (1,3) Diazole compound, wherein the therapeutically effective amount is the amount effective to induce endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation in the subject's central nervous system.

Abstract: Solid forms of the compound, [5-(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amine HCl salt (Compound I) and its free base, active on the receptor protein kinases c-Kit and/or c-Fms and/or Flt3, were prepared and characterized: Also provided are methods of using the solid forms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metal complexes, processes for their preparation and their use as pharmaceutical or veterinary agents, in particular for the treatment of conditions in which metal delivery can prevent, alleviate or ameliorate the condition. There are a number of clinical conditions which are caused by or associated with abnormal levels of metals (typically low metal levels). Conditions in of this type include cancer and conditions characterized by or associated with oxidative damage, more specifically neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or Huntington's disease. The invention also relates to ligands useful in the preparation of metal complexes of this type.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for inhibiting, treating, and/or preventing fatty acid metabolism disorders, particularly fatty acid oxidation disorders, in a subject are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the method of lowering cholesterol in a patient in need thereof by administering to said patient a therapeutic effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of 1-alkyl, 2-acyl-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), 1-alkyl, 2-acyl glycerol and 1-alkyl, 2-acyl-glycerylphosphatidylethanolamine (GPE) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention concerns use of an agent that increases sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor activity, such as S1P, or an S1P receptor agonist, for treatment of alcohol-intoxicated subjects will help stabilize blood pressure and improve resuscitation efforts in alcohol-intoxicated subjects, including alcohol-intoxicated trauma patients. Another aspect concerns a kit for stabilization of alcohol-intoxicated subjects, comprising an agent that increases S1P receptor activity.

Abstract: Tannin-containing compositions and methods of using same to enhance or maintain immune function during simplified nutrition feeding. Pharmaceutical compositions, including enteral nutrition compositions, are provided. The compositions comprise such tannins as proanthocyanidins and/or hydrolysable tannins. Administering the tannins to the gastrointestinal tract of a subject receiving simplified nutrition, such as with enteral nutrition therapy or parenteral nutrition therapy, attenuates or prevents deleterious effects on the gastrointestinal immune system that would otherwise occur with the simplified nutrition.

Abstract: A method for treating a patient having one or more of anxiety, hypersensitivity, restricted areas of interest, repetitive behaviors, irritability and emotional lability, or otherwise requiring a calming effect, is disclosed. The method includes administering to the patient a plurality of comestible units, e.g., cookies, cumulatively comprising a therapeutically effective amount of inositol.

Abstract: Inhibitors of retroviral propagation, methods of treatment and prevention of retroviral infections using the inhibitors, and pharmaceutical compositions including the inhibitors, are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a composition for preventing and treating atherosclerosis which includes chalcone compound. In particular, the chalcone compound bound with 2-hydroxyl in ring A and 4?-methyoxy in ring B has versatile therapeutic potentials on anti-atherosclerosis by acting as PPAR? inducer, p44/42 MAPK inhibitor and cell cycle blocker and does not show toxicity to human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). In addition, the chalcone compound exhibits synergistic effect with the PPAR? ligand (rosiglitazone) to inhibit cell proliferation and the upregulation of cyclin D1, cyclin D3, interleukin-1? (IL-1?) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL).

Abstract: Methods and compositions containing a phorbol ester or a derivative of a phorbol ester are provided for the treatment of chronic and acute conditions. Such conditions may be caused by disease, be symptoms, treatments, or sequelae of disease. The phorbol esters described are particularly useful in the treatment of neoplastic diseases and/or managing the side effects of chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic treatments of neoplastic diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for inhibiting melanogenesis, promoting collagen production, and promoting wound healing in the skin of a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound represented by formula (I). The compound of the present invention can inhibit melanin formation, promote collagen production and facilitate wound repair. Therefore, the compound can be utilized to manufacture compositions for skin whitening, anti-aging, and wound healing. The present invention also provides a method of preparing a compound of formula (I).

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, the invention provides compositions, e.g., formulations, used for gastric, gastrointestinal and/or colonic treatments or lavage, e.g., orthostatic lavage, e.g., for inducing the purgation (e.g., cleansing) of a gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including a colon; and methods for making and using them. In alternative embodiments, compositions and methods of the invention are used for the amelioration, treatment and/or prevention of constipation, for the treatment of abdominal pain, particularly non-specific abdominal pain, and diarrhea, including diarrhea caused by a drug side effect, a psychological condition, a disease or a condition such as Crohn's Disease, a poison, a toxin or an infection, e.g., a toxin-mediated traveler's diarrhea. In alternative embodiments, the invention provides pharmaceuticals and products (articles) of manufacture for delivering these compositions and formulations to an individual, e.g., a human or an animal.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) R-L-CO—X??(I) wherein R is a C10-24 unsaturated hydrocarbon group optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms or groups of heteroatoms selected from S, O, N, SO, SO2, said hydrocarbon group comprising at least 4 non-conjugated double bonds; L is a linking group forming a bridge of 1 to 5 atoms between the R group and the carbonyl CO wherein L comprises at least one heteroatom in the backbone of the linking group; and X is an electron withdrawing group or a salt thereof for use in the treatment of skin cancer such as basal cell carcinoma.