Abstract: A localised transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery system which controls localised transdermal drug delivery doses, transdermal drug delivery depths and transdermal drug delivery speeds is provided. The system includes a power supply, a current driving assembly, an optional switch matrix or multiplexer, and electrode assemblies or an electrode assembly array. The localised transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery system accurately controls a drug delivery current distribution between any electrode combination, so as to locally control a transdermal drug delivery dose, a transdermal drug delivery depth and a transdermal drug delivery speed, in order to implement accurate drug delivery to a user's skin.

Abstract: Devices and methods for creating a protective gas cushion in an outwardly open volume which are useful in surgery are provided. More particularly, the invention relates to a device having a flexible hose portion having an intake end and a discharge end and a distal tip portion connected to the discharge end of the flexible hose portion. The distal tip portion comprises a rigid, porous polymer body having a pore size of 7 to 45 ?m. The distal tip portion is adapted to be positioned in the volume and the device is arranged to supply the gas to the volume through the rigid, porous polymer body, the rigid, porous polymer body being arranged to supply the volume with the gas in a substantially laminar, continuous flow to enable the formation of the protective gas cushion intended to fill the volume and prevent air from the environment from reaching the volume.