Abstract: This invention relates to a hard alloy comprising two phases: a hard phase consisting of at least one compound having a crystal structure of simple hexagonal MC type (M: metal; C: carbon) selected from the group consisting of mixed carbides, carbonitrides and carboxynitrides of molybdenum and tungsten, and a binder phase consisting of at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt and nickel. The hard phase is prepared by carburizing an (Mo, W) alloy obtained by reducing oxides of molybdenum and tungsten with a particle size of at most 1 micron, is composed of coarse particles with a mean particle size of at least 3 microns, and has a uniform molybdenum to tungsten ratio in the particles. The hard alloy has a gross composition within the range of the shaded portion ABCDEA in FIG. 1.

Abstract: A method for preparing high purity vanadium having a low silicon content has been developed. Vanadium pentoxide is reduced with a stoichiometric, or slightly deficient amount of aluminum to produce a vanadium-aluminum alloy containing an excess of oxygen. Silicon is removed by electron-beam melting the alloy under oxidizing conditions to promote the formation of SiO which is volatile at elevated temperatures. Excess oxygen is removed by heating the alloy in the presence of calcium metal to form calcium oxide.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for reducing uranium fluoride with magnesium to form uranium metal or uranium alloys. The reduction is carried out in a molten-salt solution in which the metallic product sinks and separates while the magnesium fluoride by-product dissolves into the molten salt or forms a solid precipitate outside of the metallic region.

Abstract: A ferro-sintered alloy having wear resistance at elevated temperatures comprising a matrix in which, on a weight basis, 25-75% of an alloying base A of the following composition is irregularly dispersed with 75-25% of an alloying base B of the following composition, the matrix having dispersed therein 3-15% of at least one of the following hard phases C and D, and optionally being impregnated in its pores with lead:______________________________________ Base A Base B ______________________________________ Cr 2-4% Co 5.5-7.5% Mo 0.2-0.4% Ni 0.5-3% V 0.2-0.4% Mo 0.5-3% C 0.6-1.2% C 0.6%-1.2% Fe the remainder Fe the remainder Hard phase C: 45-60% Co - 33-36% Mo. - and remainder Si Hard phase D: 45-60% Fe - 33-36% Mo - and remainder Si.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for reducing uranium oxide with magnesium to form uranium metal. The reduction is carried out in a molten-salt solution of density greater than 3.4 grams per cubic centimeter, thereby allowing the uranium product to sink and the magnesium oxide byproduct to float, consequently allowing separation of product and byproduct.

Abstract: A low-cost electrical conductor is prepared by applying a mixture of a metallic powder and a polymer on a substrate, curing the polymer, effecting an augmentation replacement reaction to replace some of the metallic powder with a more noble metal in such a way that the total volume of deposited metal at the surface exceeds that of the original metal powder replaced, and thereafter applying a dielectric material to selected areas of the conductor thus formed. Imperfections such as pin holes and screen marks can be eliminated by heating the dielectric material to cause a degree of flow. Multiple layer interconnected conductors can be prepared by reapplying the mixture of metallic powder and polymer such that a portion thereof contacts the first prepared conductor, curing the polymer and effecting an augmentation replacement reaction with a metal which is more noble than the powder metal and the replacement metal of the first conductor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a pulverulent mixture of amphiphilic lipidic constituents and possibly of hydrophobic constituents, as well as to a method for producing hydrated lipidic lamellar phases from the pulverulent mixture.The method comprises dissolving the amphiphilic lipidic constituents and the hydrophobic constituents in an appropriate solvent and then atomizing said solution in a flow of gaseous fluid to produce the pulverulent mixture. The mixture thus obtained is a homogeneous and very fine powder which can be very easily dispersed in a suitable aqueous dispersion medium to produce either slightly hydrated lipidic lamellar phases or highly hydrated lipidic lamellar phases such as liposomes useful in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions comprising from about 35 to about 85% by weight of an alkanolaminium carboxylate have proven to be highly efficient absorption solvents for sulfur dioxide. Such solvents preferentially absorb sulfur dioxide from the gas streams containing large quantities of carbon dioxide. The rate at which dissolved sulfur dioxide oxidizes to non-regenerable sulfate salts is significantly reduced by such solvents.

Abstract: A corrosion- and abrasive wear-resistant composite material for use in centrifugally cast linings composed of a matrix of a metal having corrosion-resistance and an abrasive wear-resistant reinforcing material dispersed as particles in the matrix. The reinforcing material has a higher hardness and a smaller specific density than the matrix.

Abstract: A hard fine-grained internally stressed material of tungsten and carbon or tungsten, carbon and oxygen is described which is produced by thermochemical deposition. The material consists primarily of a two phase mixture of pure tungsten and an A15 structure, is free of columnar grain distribution, and has a hardness of greater than 1,200 VHN. The average grain size is less than 0.1 micron.