Abstract: Provided is a device including: a battery configured to supply power; a heater configured to heat an aerosol generating material by receiving power from the battery; a sensor; at least one output unit; and a controller, wherein the controller detects a user's puff by using the sensor and controls at least one output unit based on puff characteristic data based on a result of the detection.

Abstract: A biodegradable filter for the removal of various pollutants, contaminants, or harmful substances from the surrounding air, and a method of fabrication. The filter includes 30% by weight of cellulose nanofibers, 30% by weight of activated carbon, and 20% by weight of polyethylene glycol. The cellulose nanofibers and activated carbon are isolated from date palm biomass, making the filter cost-effective and environmentally friendly.

Abstract: A method for controlling a chemical recovery boiler. The method includes measuring concentrations of sodium carbonate, sodium sulfide, and sodium sulfate from green liquor of the chemical recovery boiler, determining a target temperature for smelt, imaging at least an area of a char bed of the chemical recovery boiler, the area being close to a smelt spout, to obtain an image of the area, determining a measured temperature of the char bed using the image of the area. The method further includes determining that the measured temperature of the char bed is less than the target temperature for smelt, and controlling the chemical recovery boiler such that the temperature of the char bed increases. A chemical recovery boiler for the same.

Abstract: Hydrothermal pretreatment of mechanically compressed straw in unagitated reactors provides a simple and inexpensive solution to poor C5 monomer yields with autohydrolysis processes. Unlike raw straw, compressed straw pellets or briquettes can be pretreated on commercial scale using unagitated batch reactors or simplified unagitated continuous systems. The chemistry of hydrothermal pretreatment is thereby altered such that loss of C5 sugars to unwanted byproduct reactions is reduced. With compressed straw, water content can be introduced within the reactor while it is pressurized, which reduces energy costs and capital expense. Provided are methods of processing straw feedstocks using semi-continuous or continuous systems and a pretreatment reactor adapted to processes compressed straw with high throughput through a small reactor volume in which water content is added within the reactor under pressure.

Abstract: A system for treatment of a biomass material and a method for transporting biomass material, said system comprising: —a first vessel (3) in which said biomass material is treated at a first pressure;—a second vessel (5) in which said biomass material is collected at a second pressure which is lower than the first pressure; and—a transporting pipe (7) connecting an outlet (9) of the first vessel (3) with an inlet (11) of the second vessel (5) for transporting the biomass material from the first vessel to the second vessel, wherein said transporting pipe (7) comprises at least one restriction (13) for control of the flow in the transporting pipe and hereby providing a pressure drop to the transported biomass material, wherein at least one of said at least one restriction (13) is provided somewhere in the second half of the length of the transporting pipe (7) starting from the first vessel (3) and ending at the second vessel (5).

Abstract: A method of forming glass-like sheets using date palm seeds is provided. The method includes milling date palm seeds to form a powder. The powder is compressed to form discs, after which the discs are immersed in a delignification solution followed by removal from the delignification solution and washing. The discs formed from the date palm seed powder are immersed in a bleaching solution until a change in color is observed from opaque to transparent. The transparent discs thus formed are then hardened through application of an epoxy resin. The initial grinding procedure may be substituted by an initial slicing step of the date palm seeds in a similar method of forming the glass-like sheets.

Abstract: Various processes are disclosed for producing nanocellulose materials following steam extraction or hot-water digestion of biomass. Processes are also disclosed for producing nanocellulose materials from a wide variety of starting pulps or pretreated biomass feedstocks. The nanocellulose materials may be used as rheology modifiers in many applications. Water-based and oil-based drilling fluid formulations and additives are provided. Also, water-based and oil-based hydraulic fracturing fluid formulations and additives are provided. In other embodiments, polymer-nanocellulose composites are provided.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for predictive control of brown stock treatment at a pulp mill. Various online sensors generate output signals representative of actual values for respective process characteristics, each of which are directly or indirectly affected by adjustments to corresponding process variables. A controller uses the output signals or associated measurement data to dynamically set target values for the process characteristics based on a predicted impact of control responses for corresponding process variables. The controller further generates control signals to actuators associated with the respective process variables based on detected variations between the respective actual values and target values. Exemplary brown stock washing control systems may optimize various types of brown stock washing configurations, including for example vacuum drum washers, compaction baffle washers, chemiwashers, direct displacement washers and wash presses.

Abstract: A smelt shattering apparatus includes an inlet orifice, an outlet orifice, and a fluidic pathway between the inlet orifice and the outlet orifice. A convergence divergence zone is located between the inlet orifice and the outlet orifice. In one illustrative construction, a first separable section includes the inlet orifice, and a second separable section includes the outlet orifice and a divergence zone of the convergence divergence zone. In some constructions, there may be a second outlet orifice in fluidic communication with the inlet orifice. To provide uniformity over the multiple shatter jets, the first outlet orifice may have a cross-sectional dimension and the second outlet orifice is located a distance of between about 4 and about 10 times of the cross-sectional dimension from the first outlet orifice.

Abstract: Disclosed are a pulp for Juncao spinning and a preparation method and use thereof. The method includes: placing a Juncao in a solution prepared from a lye, a catalyst, and an auxiliary agent and cooking to obtain a cooked solution, and then subjecting the cooked solution to pulping to obtain the pulp for Juncao spinning.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a facility for cleaning cigarette butts, including a treatment tank configured to treat the cigarette butts in order to extract therefrom fibres to be depolluted, and depollution means configured to depollute the fibres by placing them in contact with a fluid in the supercritical state, referred to as supercritical fluid.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing an oxidised lignin based high performance surface active agent in techno-economically feasible manner within kraft pulp mill without interfering the main process.

Abstract: A process for separation of the cellulosic part from a raw material composition comprising polyester and cellulose is provided. A blend is prepared comprising a raw material composition comprising polyester and cellulose and a hydrolyzing liquor wherein the hydrolyzing liquor comprises a first mixture comprising an alkaline solution containing hydroxide ions. The hydrolyzing liquor is added to give the blend an effective alkali concentration in a range from 5 g/l to 150 g/l, wherein the effective alkali concentration is calculated as NaOH, and the hydrolyzing liquor:raw material composition ratio is from 1.5:1 up to 25:1 and keeping the blend at a temperature of 100° C. or above.

Abstract: A chip chute for transporting wood chips includes: first, second, third, and fourth planar lateral walls defining an open area having a rectangular cross-section, with an inlet opening configured to receive the wood chips, wherein the first and second planar lateral walls oppose each other and extend in a height (H) direction and a first length (Li) direction, and wherein the third and fourth planar lateral walls oppose each other and extend in the height (H) direction and a second length (L2) direction perpendicular to the first length (L1) direction; a curved bottom wall that is located at a bottom of the planar lateral walls and curves from the first planar lateral wall to the second planar lateral wall; and a cylindrical outlet tube protruding laterally from one of the planar lateral walls and configured to discharge the wood chips.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing the loss of usable fibers from whitewater while simultaneously increasing paper making machine performance and paper quality are provided. The methods and systems utilize a fractionating saveall to separate whitewater into a dilute wastewater fraction that contains unwanted fine particles and a thicker consistency reusable fraction containing paper-forming fibers. The reusable fraction is recirculated back into the whitewater stream, while the wastewater is routed away from the whitewater stream.

Abstract: A process for producing binderless formaldehyde-free fiberboard and coproducing fulvic acid from straw. All-element purification, activation, saccharification and separation are carried out on the non-wood fiber raw material through boiling and defibering to obtain primarily activated lignin, purified and activated fibers, monosaccharides of hemicellulose and non-wood fibers, and fulvic acid. Deep activation is carried out on activated lignin. The binderless formaldehyde-free fiberboard is produced by using sufficiently activated lignin and low-molecular-weight monosaccharides as a hardener and binder. By sufficiently activating the lignin, comprehensive utilization of straw fiber as resources is realized, and the special requirements of binderless formaldehyde-free fiberboard for high-quality fibrous raw material and high-activity lignin are met.

Abstract: The invention herein disclosed and claimed is a process for refining fiber from lignocellulosic biomass. The process provides refined fiber and agriculturally amenable co-products, with a virtually waste-free systems design.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a polyimide fiber paper intermediate structure, which includes: a short fiber preparing step for preparing shaved short fibers of a non-thermoplastic polyimide; and an intermediate structure forming step for forming a polyimide fiber paper intermediate structure in which the short fibers are temporarily bonded using a water-soluble and/or water-insoluble thermoplastic polymer having a melting point lower than a glass transition point of a polyimide.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multilayered fibrous sheet, such as paperboard, having a first layer comprising a first fibrous material, a second layer, spaced apart from the first layer, comprising a second fibrous material, and a third layer between the first and the second layers, comprising a third fibrous material, wherein at least one of the first and the second fibrous materials comprises or consists of a mixture of chemical pulp and mechanical pulp; and the third fibrous material comprises or consists of mechanical pulp.

Abstract: A process for modifying the paper burst strength enhancing attributes of microfibrillated cellulose, an aqueous suspension comprising said microfibrillated cellulose, and papermaking compositions and paper products comprising said microfibrillated cellulose.