Abstract: A direct patterning method using an electron beam, which-contains first and second steps. In the first step, a first beam of incident electrons accelerated at a first voltage is irradiated to an electron resist film and scanned. The first voltage is set so that the electrons penetrate the resist film to be back-scattered by a semiconductor substrate having an alignment mark and pass through the film again. Secondary electrons generated at the surface of the resist film due to the back-scattered electrons are detected by an electron detector to recognize the alignment mark. In the second step, a second beam of incident electrons accelerated at a second voltage lower than the first voltage is irradiated to the resist film and scanned by reference to the alignment mark to write a given pattern in the resist film.

Abstract: Detergent compositions comprising nonionic detergent surfactant; unsaturated soap, i.e., oleate and/or ricinoleate; hydrophobic cleaning solvent; and aqueous solvent system. The compositions have excellent detergency properties and excellent filming/streaking properties. Preferred soaps are specific betaaminoalkanolammonium soaps, which provide superior filming/streaking properties as compared to, e.g., sodium soap.

Abstract: Hydrogen or carbon monoxide in a carrier of nitrogen or steam is passed over a devitalized catalyst/carbonate or bicarbonate absorber which has absorbed or adsorbed nitrates and nitrites from engine exhaust to restore the carbonate form and regenerate the devitalized catalyst/absorber for reuse.

Abstract: The dehydrogenation of an alkane to an alkene, especially isobutane to isobutene, is carried out in admixture with oxygen and in the absence of added steam over a dehydrogenation and oxidation catalyst comprising a platinum group metal deposited upon a support. A catalyst comprising platinum deposited on a support which is a mixture of tin oxide and zirconium oxide possesses good activity for the dehydrogenation of an alkane, especially carried out in this way.

Abstract: A supported catalyst comprising a carbon fibril aggregate and a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst supported therein, a process for performing a catalytic reaction in fluid phase using the supported catalyst and a process for making the supported catalyst are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for alkylating a reformate feedstream containing benzene, toluene, xylenes, and ethylbenzene, said process comprising:1) contacting said reformate feedstream with a hydrocarbon stream comprising C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 olefins in the presence of a catalyst comprising an active form of synthetic porous crystalline MCM-49 under benzene alkylation conditions whereby an effluent stream is produced having a benzene content at least 50 wt % less than that of said feedstream, an octane rating no less than that of said feedstream, and a total liquid product greater than that of said feedstream; and2) collecting the gasoline boiling range fraction of said effluent stream.

Abstract: A phosphate-free liquid dishwashing composition containing at least one protease enzyme and an amylase enzyme has been found to be very useful as an automatic dishwasher composition.

Abstract: The invention features a method of depositing a coating on a medical device. The method includes: a) placing the medical device in an evacuated chamber, b) introducing a noble gas into the chamber, c) providing at least one target in the chamber, spaced from the device, and d) sputter depositing a coating onto the device by applying power to the target so that the noble gas forms a plasma in the vicinity of the target and material is sputtered from the target by ion bombardment and deposited on the device.In another aspect, the invention features a medical device having a coating deposited by a plasma sputtering process. Preferably, the coating is a calcium containing compound.

Abstract: Zirconium/cerium mixed oxides (optionally including thermally stabilizing dopant values), comprising solid solutions thereof, having contents of zirconium of up to 99% by weight, and having high specific surface areas, are well suited as catalysts and/or catalyst supports, notably for the treatment/conversion of vehicular exhaust gases; such ZrO.sub.2 /CeO.sub.2 mixed oxides are conveniently prepared by (i) intimately admixing a zirconium sol with a cerium sol, the ratio r of the mean diameter r.sub.1 of the particles of the zirconium sol to the diameter r.sub.2 of the particles of the cerium sol being at least 5, (ii) spray drying the admixture thus obtained, and (iii) calcining the dried material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for providing an improved catalyst support comprising the steps of providing a dispersion of alumina in water, the dispersion maintained under acidic conditions; adding a stabilizing agent to said dispersion, the stabilizing agent capable of stabilizing said dispersion and inhibiting gellation thereof, the stabilizing agent having the formula: ##STR1##

Abstract: Methods for inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers in oxygen-free processing systems are disclosed. The methods comprise adding from 1 to 10,000 parts of a combination of a hydroxylamine compound and a phenylenediamine compound to the vinyl aromatic monomer.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are alkylated in a fluidized riser-reactor using a solid catalyst which is regenerated within the process by contact with hydrogen. The alkylation and regeneration steps are separated to prevent the admixture of hydrogen and any olefins present in the process. Two separate modes of regeneration are performed simultaneously: a mild liquid-phase washing and a vapor-phase hot hydrogen stripping operation.

Abstract: A catalyst for the hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbons is disclosed. The catalyst comprises at least one metal selected from the metals of the Group VIB of the Periodic Table, the Group VIII of the Periodic Table and the Group VA of the Periodic Table, or oxides, sulfide or salts thereof, or a mixture thereof or a combined material thereof, and at least one rare earth metal compound supported on a refractory carrier. The catalyst according to the present invention has markedly higher desulfurization activities and a markedly longer catalyst life than the conventional catalysts, and hydrocarbons treated with the catalyst according to the present invention show little deterioration in hue and excellent hue stability for a long period of time.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alkylation catalyst to form adducts or alkylates of a C.sub.3 -C.sub.9 olefin with a C.sub.4 to C.sub.9 isoparaffin comprising a sulfated mixed oxide of titanium and nickel, wherein the percent by weight of titanium is at least 80%; of nickel is in the range 1-4%; and of sulfur in the range 1-10%. Also disclosed are the appropriate ratios of olefin to isoparaffin and the use of adamantane to increase yields.

Abstract: A catalyst or membrane system comprising a thermostable, high porous layer applied on a less porous or nonporous support layer, in particular on the inner surface of a monolith or sintered metal body, in the inner pores of .alpha.-alumina, of a carbon carrrier or on the surface of a ceramic membrane. The catalyst system can be prepared by spreading a solution of a metallo-organic compound on the inner surface of the support layer and then converting the organometallic compound into the oxide. In the high-porous layer thus obtained, a catalytically active material can be applied in the conventional manner.

Abstract: A catalytic article for use in catalytic chemical conversions, which comprises; a metal monolith catalyst support and a catalytically active surfacey layer bonded to the support by sputtering, said catalytically active layer comprising an admixture of a precious metal and a base metal oxide.

Abstract: A process is described wherein the HCN in FCC hydrocarbon gas streams is converted to NH.sub.3 over a catalyst. This conversion has the desirable result of decreasing the amount of CN.sup.- in the water leaving the sour-water stripper, and ultimately in the refinery water effluent.

Abstract: A fibril aggregate that includes a multiplicity of carbon fibrils whose longitudinal axes have substantially the same relative orientation, each of the fibrils characterized as having graphitic layers that are substantially parallel to its longitudinal axis and being free of a continuous thermal carbon overcoat, and a method of preparing such aggregates.

Abstract: A process for the dehydration and/or desalination and simultaneous fractionation of a petroleum deposit effluent containing oil, associated gas and water which can be saline, which process comprises:(a) at least one step for separating the liquid and gaseous phases at the pressure P1 for removal of the gas, producing a gaseous fraction G1, on the one hand, which is removed and a liquid fraction L1, on the other hand, which is sent to step(b) at least one step for separating, at least partly, the two liquid phases mixed in the liquid fraction L1, the aqueous phase being partly removed and the oil phase containing a quantity of residual aqueous phase being sent to step (c);(c) at least one distillation step carried out at a pressure P2 which is less than, or at the most equal to, the pressure P1 in step (a), in a distillation zone C1, said distillation being carried out in the presence of the oil phase coming from step (b), said zone C1 comprising an internal heat exchange zone and a boiling zone, and enabling

Abstract: A safe, effective, and economical method is provided for recovering olefins from cat-cracked gases without accumulating dangerous amounts of nitrogen oxides. A stream of cat-cracked gas first is scrubbed to remove acid gases, including nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2), and then is passed through a depropanizer fractionation tower. Hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms are recovered in the bottoms of the depropanizer, and the overhead from the depropanizer--which is composed of hydrocarbons having three or fewer carbon atoms--is sent to an absorber demethanizer tower. Hydrocarbons having two or more carbon atoms are recovered in the bottoms from the absorber demethanizer tower, where temperatures are no lower than about -45.56.degree. C. (-50.degree. F.). The overhead from the absorber demethanizer tower--which is composed of methane, hydrogen, and trace amounts of nitrogen oxide, C.sub.2, and absorbent (C.sub.3)--then is chilled to condense and recover trace amounts of C.sub.