Abstract: Vertical drilling of cylindrical holes in the soil, and the lining of such holes, provides storage vaults called caissons. A guarded depot is provided with a plurality of such caissons covered by shielded closures preventing radiation from penetrating through any linear gap to the atmosphere. The heat generated by the radioactive material is dissipated through the vertical liner of the well into the adjacent soil and thus to the ground surface so that most of the heat from the radioactive material is dissipated into the atmosphere in a manner involving no significant amount of biologically harmful radiation. The passive cooling of the radioactive material without reliance upon pumps, personnel, or other factor which might fail, constitutes one of the most advantageous features of this system. Moreover this system is resistant to damage from tornadoes or earthquakes.Hermetically sealed containers of radioactive material may be positioned in the caissons.

Abstract: Direct fast-neutron-induced recoil and alpha particle tracks in polycarbonate films may be enlarged for direct visual observation and automated counting procedures employing electrochemical etching techniques. Electrochemical etching is, for example, carried out in a 28% KOH solution at room temperature by applying a 2000 V peak-to-peak voltage at 1 kHz frequency. Such recoil particle amplification can be used for the detection of wide neutron dose ranges from 1 mrad. to 1000 rads. or higher, if desired.

Abstract: A combustion product detector comprises two ionization chambers with a radioactive source in each chamber. One chamber is vented to the ambient atmosphere and the other serves as a reference. A communicating passage is provided between the chambers. An adjustable target is provided in the reference chamber.Test means to determine status of the device comprises a member having a conductive end which is normally in conductive relation with the vented electrode of the chamber. It may be manually depressed into the vented chamber against a biasing force to disconnect it.Two radioactive sources are mounted in a holder which provides a window for each of the sources. In different embodiments the windows may be varied in size to vary the amount of radiation provided to each of the chambers independently without changing the parameters of the sources themselves.

Abstract: An inspection system for detecting the presence of an aqueous base solution in the bottom of a container including means disposed relative to the container for directing energy including at least energy in the infrared region through the bottom of the container and along the central axis of the container, and means disposed relative to the container for detecting the energy of particular infrared wavelengths passing from the bottom of the container and for producing signals in accordance with such detection and with the presence of an aqueous base solution providing for the absorption of the energy at the particular infrared wavelengths and with the absence of an aqueous base solution allowing for the passage of the energy at the particular infrared wavelengths.

Abstract: An ion chamber type neutron detector is disclosed which has a greatly extended lifespan. The detector includes a fission chamber containing a mixture of active and breeding material and a neutron shielding material. The breeding and shielding materials are selected to have similar or substantially matching neutron capture cross-sections so that their individual effects on increased detector life are mutually enhanced.

Abstract: In Reiss chamber method or ionography, or in a method of modification or combination of these methods wherein an electrostatic latent image of an object irradiated with radiations such as X-rays is formed on an insulating image recording layer, a photoconductive material is used as the image recording layer. The charge carried on the photoconductive image recording layer is partly neutralized by the radiations received thereby. In an embodiment, a fluorescent layer is attached to the photoconductive image recording layer to accelerate the neutralization of the charge when the recording layer is exposed to the radiations. In another embodiment, the photoconductive material has a property that the photoconductivity increases as the strength of an electric field applied thereacross increases, and the image recording layer made of such a photoconductive material is uniformly exposed to light simultaneously with or after the irradiation of the radiations.

Abstract: In a scanner for producing a sectional view of a body spatially resolving semiconductors, each having a charge transfer element associated therewith at which the formation of the signal is accomplished by charge storage and charge transfer in a semiconductor body, are utilized.

Abstract: A radioactivity well logging tool including a gamma radiation detector is field calibrated with the help of a flexible sheet having a radioactive substance dispersed therein, which is wrapped about the tool so as to completely surround the detector. The sheet is made of an elastomer such as polyurethane, and the radioactive substance is carnotite. This sheet is placed within a nylon sheath which has straps for holding the calibrator wrapped around the tool.

Abstract: A solid detector for detecting the presence of ionizing radiation in the noise of the detector crystal. For this purpose, the device provides for the generation, at the moment of each of pulses of the ionizing radiation, of signals which open a gate towards a level selector. The device comprises a semiconductor, provided with microchannels where electrons are multiplied by means of secondary emission, and a collector of the electrons generated in the microchannels. The signals which open the gate are generated by the secondary electrons issuing from the microchannels and picked up by the collector.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nuclear medical diagnostic instrument for the determination of the distribution pattern of substances emitting gamma quanta and inserted in a body, which consists essentially of a detector with a localization arrangement and two or more multi-channel collimator elements placed in front of the detector.

Abstract: A circuit improvement is disclosed for use in an electron capture detector of the type including an electron capture cell, means for applying polarization pulses to the cell to derive a cell current, means for varying the pulse rate to maintain the cell current constant, and means for converting the pulse frequency to an analog signal indicative of the concentration of an electron-capturing component.

Abstract: A pyroelectric detector which includes at least one pyroelectric element consisting of a pyroelectric material sandwiched between first and second electrodes, and a semiconductor chip having a field effect transistor formed on one surface thereof and having an electrical contact for the gate electrode of the transistor formed on the surface thereof, opposite to said one surface, the gate electrode contact of the chip being secured in electrical contact to the first one of the electrodes of the pyroelectric element, the size of the chip being such that a major portion of the first electrode is not covered by the chip.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring concentration of radioactivity in a fluid circulating in a cooling system or a disposal system, etc. of a nuclear power plant (e.g. coolant), the apparatus having a plurality of sampling tubes with different diameters depending on the intensities of radioactivity, and the sampling tubes having valves for switching from one fluid to another fluid. The sampling tubes are connected to the system to a discharge pipe, and are disposed in the proximity of a radiation detector adapted to issue a signal representative of radiation. The issued signal is supplied to a multichannel pulse height analyzer and a data processing system providing an indication of the concentrations of radioactivities for respective radionuclides.

Abstract: An apparatus wherein a thermoluminescent type radiation dosimeter is heated and thermoluminant rays emitted from the dosimeter are measured. It is constructed in such manner that to perform the measurement a personal identification card must be inserted to the apparatus. The mark on the dosimeter and the mark on the identification card are collated, and only when they coincide with each other is the measurement performed.

Abstract: There is provided an improved radon-222 detector device for counting alpha particles originating from radon-222 gas including an alpha particle permeable window in one end of a body and a surface barrier type semiconductor detector adjacent thereto and spaced from the window, and characterized by a moisture attenuating means adjacent the window and the detector.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the weight per unit length of a cigarette rod has a radioactive source to one side of the rod and a detector to the other side of the rod. The source emits a beam of radiation through the rod to the detector. Guide tubes, having air ducts, are located on both sides of the beam. Pressurized air is introduced into the tubes via the air ducts to maintain the rod centrally within the tubes.

Abstract: A fluorescent screen whose fluorescent material is a pure rare earth compd such as a compound of the formulas (A.sub.2 O).sub.a (Ln.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.b (P.sub.2 O.sub.5).sub.c, (Ln.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.p (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.q (B.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.r, or LnZrF.sub.7 wherein a is zero or an integer greater than zero, b, c, p, q, and r are integers greater than zero, A is at least one alkali metal, and Ln is at least one rare earth metal.

Abstract: A composite transducer for the measurement of a physical condition such as, but not limited to, temperature, pressure, liquid level, rate of flow, concentration of a constituent gas in a mixture of gases, or neutron flux density; wherein the output signal of a prompt responding but relatively inaccurate sensor is combined with the output signal of a slow responding but relatively accurate sensor to generate a composite transducer output signal having a response time comparable to that of the fast responding sensor and an accuracy equal to that of the slow responding sensor.

Abstract: A portable gamma radiation dose rate meter suitable for use over 3 or 4 decades over the dose rate range 0.1 mR/hr and 1000 R/hr which incorporates an ion chamber or other radiation detector and a null deflection readout system using a calibrated potentiometer and two single light emitting diodes as high and low indicators.

Abstract: The invention relates to light sources and, in particular, to light sources for use in navigational aids such as lighthouses and lighted buoys.In more detail, the light source of the present invention comprises a radio isotope fuel source, thermal insulation against heat loss, a biological shield against the escape of ionizing radiation, a material having a surface which attains incandescence when subject to isotope decay heat and means for transferring energy from the insulated fuel source to produce incandescence of the surface and thereby emit light.