Abstract: Heat loss is detected by means of an infrared scanner mounted on a wheeled vehicle that moves along a horizontal path. The scanner is arranged to view a thermal scene along vertical scan lines transverse to the vehicle path, and corresponding electrical signals are recorded for subsequent playback and processing into a continuous strip map. The strip map can then be interpreted to locate potential areas of high heat loss which can then be confirmed by physical inspection.

Abstract: A method and apparatus designed for the purpose of determining quickly and with high resolution the spatial distribution of radioactivity within an object emitting radioactive particles, especially those of low energy. A gas-filled position sensitive detector is used having an elongated electrode wire enclosed inside of and running the length of the detector. The object is placed inside the detector in close proximity to the wire. An electric circuit means is operably connected to the wire to determine the point along the wire at which an emitted particle is sensed. A two-or three-dimensional spatial distribution can be obtained by using a plurality of such wires.

Abstract: Methods of detecting the presence of concealed weapons and determining the type of weapons with a greater degree of certainty and reliability. The method involves tagging of the weapon with a radioactive marking that produces penetrative radiation, and providing radiation detectors at entrances to commercial and private residences, airlines, vehicles and other places. According to a preferred method, the tagging or marking of the weapon is in a form of a digital coding; and a different common coding is applied to each different kind of weapon. For example, hand guns receive a common code of one type; knives a different code; explosives a third different code, and the like.

Abstract: A system for identifying and locating objects of known chemical composition and discriminating against a background having a different chemical composition comprises a source of radiation for illuminating the object and the background and a receiver responsive solely to the fluorescent radiation from the object. The receiver comprises a filter which passes radiation from the object and a photodetector array which receives the filter output and produces an output containing the coordinates of the location of the received signal or signals on the array. This location information is applied to utilization apparatus which may comprise a marking mechanism which marks the location of the object on the background or automatic tracking apparatus which tracks the object of interest or counter apparatus which identifies the quantity of such objects that are illuminated.The invention also comprehends the method of deriving position data by causing a known substance to fluoresce at wavelengths (centered at .lambda..sub.

Abstract: A conveyor apparatus, such as a cart, is disclosed, for aiding in the placement of subjects to be x-rayed in position in a radiographic apparatus. The conveyor apparatus includes a conveyor belt on which a patient is placed and a mechanical linkage having a mechanical advantage connecting the conveyor belt to an operator, so that relatively small movement of the operator causes relatively large movement of the patient carrying conveyor belt.

Abstract: A radiographic imaging system for high energy radiation utilizing a detector of such radiation and a mask having regions relatively transparent to such radiation interspersed among regions relatively opaque to such radiation. A relative motion is imparted between the mask and the detector, the detector providing a time varying signal in response to the incident radiation and in response to the relative motion. The time varying signal provides, with the aid of a decoder, an image of a source of such radiation.

Abstract: In a smoke sensor of the ionization type having as essential component parts an opposing pair of electrodes providing for high impedance effected by ionic current produced by a radioactive ray source, improvements are made to eliminate formation of dew at least on the surface of the radioactive ray source and also prevent the high impedance from being accidentally changed due to a cause other than smoke, for instance a comparatively intense air stream which may otherwise cause a casual change of the high impedance.

Abstract: A system for detecting ultraviolet (UV) radiations and particularly adapted for the detection of fire. Electrical pulses are produced at a rate proportional to the intensity of UV energy received by a UV detector tube. An alarm and/or control function is actuated only when the tube pulse rate and pulse rate duration correspond to predetermined values. In addition, the alarm and/or control function is inhibited when the detector tube is exposed to non-fire created UV energy.

Abstract: Inks are disclosed wherein the ordinary mixed light color of the ink is a color substantially different than the fluorescent color of the ink. Methods of use include detection of at least the fluorescent wavelength of the ink or detection of both the ink colors when irradiated for fluorescence and by exposure to mixed light.

Abstract: A device for controlling the level in a container of a liquid which will emit infra-red rays and particularly molten metal is described. The device comprises a housing, at least one longitudinal window at one end of the housing and arranged so that when in use it will overlook an edge of a container containing the liquid, the level of which is to be controlled; and at least one photo-element for sending out an electrical signal through said window to said liquid; at least one second window which is substantially punctiform and which overlooks a substantially constant portion of the liquid in the container and within the vertical field of adjustment; and a second photo-element in cooperation with the second window for sending out a pilot signal, and circuitry to correct the signal indicating the liquid level of the container by means of the pilot signal and for amplifying and comparing the signal coming from the correction circuit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for monitoring parameters of a film or coating by directing a beam of optical radiation at a film supported on a metal substrate at an angle to the film so as to plane polarize any radiation transmitted through the film, reflecting a portion of the radiation from the interface between the film and substrate, transmitting the radiation through a polarizing medium before and/or after it has been transmitted through the film to block any component of radiation other than that which is or will be transmitted through the film, and transducing the radiation reflected from the interface to provide an output signal which is a function of a parameter of the film.

Abstract: A resolving cone-axis camera which imparts an additional translation motion to the film as the diffraction spots from the precessing crystal impinge upon the film. This translation motion is in the plane of the film and is such that a predetermined offset point on the film is caused to move along a circular path having the intersection of the crystal axis and the film plane as its center. The additional motion of the film results in a photograph having concentric annuli of given width formed by the diffraction spots from successive levels of the reciprocal lattice. The distance between the chosen offset point and the crystal axis intersection point determines the width of the annuli, and the offset point may be chosen at any point on the film which is within a circle having the crystal axis intersection point as its center and having a radius equal to the distance between the crystal axis intersection point and the beam axis intersection point.

Abstract: Apparatus for monitoring the mass concentration of atmospheric pollutants above and below a predetermined size. A receptacle has an air inlet and outlet. Air is continuously drawn through the inlet and thence through the receptacle and the outlet. A first collector in the receptacle collects pollutants above the predetermined size. This first collector is movable through a first station and collects pollutants above the predetermined size from the air entering the receptacle through the inlet on successive areas thereof. A second collector in the receptacle collects pollutants below the predetermined size. This second collector is movable through a second station and collects pollutants below the predetermined size from the air which has passed the first station on successive areas thereof. A holder is provided for a first source of radiation which passes through the area of the first collector at the first station.

Abstract: A conventional x-ray screen-film system includes a phosphor intensifying screen "sandwich", including a backing layer facing the x-rays, the phosphor layer itself, and a so-called "overlayer" adjacent the photographic film. X-rays passing through the backing cause scintillations within the phosphor, emitting light photons which, in turn, pass through the overlayer, a small air gap (caused by lack of perfect optical contact of the overlayer and the adjacent surface of the film) and into the film so as to form a latent image on the photographic film.

Abstract: The antinarcissus reflector assembly comprises: a cold stop subassembly that includes an aperture; and a concave spherical mirror having an opening, and also having a center of curvature at the center of the aperture of the cold stop subassembly. Unlike in the prior art devices, the only cold surface that is seen by the optics ahead of the detector is the face portion thereof, which shows through the opening in the concave spherical mirror, rather than reflections of the interior of the cold stop subassembly. Therefore, the undesirable diffused, cool patch which appears in the center of the picture when prior art devices are used is eliminated or, at the very least, is minimized.

Abstract: A phosphor screen for converting x-rays to light includes a large number of discrete columns of the phosphor material, say doped CsI, with the spaces therebetween preferably filled with a reflective substance, which itself may be a phosphor (e.g., Gd.sub.2 O.sub. 2 S or La.sub.2 O.sub. 2 S). Because of the resulting inhibition of lateral spread of light within the phosphor screen, it may be made thicker than conventional screens while achieving at least as high resolution and contrast, thereby increasing brightness (and thus requiring lower x-ray "doses"). A method for making the screen includes using a patterned substrate and wide-angle vapor deposition (as in a hot-wall evaporator) so as to deposit the phosphor only on the raised portions of the substrate.

Abstract: In the present thermographic camera, an object is scanned by a horizontal and vertical scanning mechanisms in order to obtain temperature signals of each point on the object, and the temperature distribution of the object is indicated on a scanning display device, such as a cathode ray tube, on the basis of the signals obtained by the scanning. Temperature information of one or more arbitrary points on the object are sampled from each frame, and temperature variation of a point on the object is measured, while the identity of the point or points is marked on the temperature distribution display.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for measuring the ultraviolet radiation in the UV-A and/or UV-B range with detector means for said ranges, switching means for considering the skin sensitivity, electronic means for evaluating the signals derived from the detector, means for displaying the intensity and/or the dose of the radiation and second switching means for selecting one of different quartz lamps in said ranges. This device is in particular adapted for digitally measuring the dose of harmful erythem effective UV-B radiation or the dose of therapeutic healing UV-A radiation. This invention further relates to a method for producing and calibrating said devices, in particular the shunts contained in said second switching means which enables to select different quartz lamps with different line intensities.

Abstract: An improved fluorometer flow cell is described wherein the flow cell is constructed entirely of a light transparent polyfluoroethylene tubing.

Abstract: A circuit for continuously monitoring or determining the magnitude of a resistance, capacitance, inductance, voltage or current over a very large dynamic range by means of a signal-to-pulse-train converter, rather than by conventional linear amplification techniques. The circuit in part, comprises a resistance, current or voltage source, and a reactive element. The reactive element is discharged from the power source to operate a temperature insensitive trigger circuit that, in turn, actuates a semiconductor switch recharging the reactive element. The frequency or period of operation is a preselected function of the variable parameter to be determined, as of a transducer.