Abstract: An atomic oscillator, attention is paid to the fact that the degree of change of the energy difference between the two ground levels of the alkali metal atom with respect to the change of the magnetic field intensity is specific to each of the magnetic quantum numbers, a resonant light pair to cause a transition between the two ground levels corresponding to each of the plural magnetic quantum numbers is sequentially generated, plural pieces of profile information capable of specifying the energy difference between the two ground levels corresponding to each of the magnetic quantum numbers are sequentially acquired based on the detection signal, the change amount of the magnetic field intensity is specified based on the acquired plural pieces of profile information, and the control is performed so that the intensity of the magnetic field becomes constant.

Abstract: A driving circuit of a surface wave resonator (X1) is described; the resonator comprises a static capacitor (Co) and the driving circuit is adapted to supply a voltage (Vx) to the resonator. The driving circuit comprises reactive means (L3) adapted to resonate in combination with said static capacitor (Co) of the resonator at a predetermined frequency (Fo) in the initial driving period of the resonator at said voltage; the driving circuit comprises passive means (R3) adapted to determine oscillations at said predetermined frequency (Fo).

Abstract: An oscillator circuit having an oscillation period moderately varying such that it is short at high temperature but long at low temperature and wherein a maximum value of oscillation period at low temperature can be set. By coupling a resistance parallel circuit having a resistance element having a resistance value decreasing with increasing temperature and a resistance element having a resistance value nondependent upon temperature at between the main electrodes of PMOST and NMOST, the output signal of an inverter is caused to vary with temperature. A ring oscillator circuit outputs an oscillation period short at high temperature but long at low temperature. Meanwhile, because oscillation period is greatly affected by a resistance value of the resistant element not dependent upon temperature at low temperature, a maximum value of oscillation period can be set.