Abstract: A steel wire is rolled while in the austenitic range. Thereafter, the wire is cooled to a temperature between 850.degree. and 910.degree. C. This is followed by multi-stage water-cooling of the wire in such a manner that the surface of the wire is cooled to below the martensite start temperature while austenite is retained in the core of the wire. The latter cooling step brings the temperature of the surface of the wire to below the martensite start temperature in approximately 0.2 seconds. The heat retained in the core of the wire serves to partially temper the martensite formed at the surface of the wire. The wire is then coiled while the temperature remains substantially constant so that the retained austenite in the core of the wire undergoes an isothermal transformation to fine pearlite. The heat of transformation serves to complete tempering of the martensite.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel substantially comprising not more than 0.15% by weight of C, 2.56 - 4.0% by weight of Si, not more than 2.0% by weight of Mn, 8 - 22% by weight of Ni, 16 - 25% by weight of Cr, 0.001 - 0.05% by weight of at least one alkaline earth metal, 0 - 2.5% by weight of Al, 0 - 0.1% by weight of at least one rare earth metal, 0 - 1.0% by weight of at least one of Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr and Hf, 0 - 2.0% by weight of Cu and balance Fe is disclosed. This class of steels are superior to the known high Si oxidation-resisting austenitic stainless steels in oxidation resistance especially in resistance to scaling, are of the same level in high temperature strength, and are much less expensive.

Abstract: In a corrugated metal sheet of the type that is adapted to have the edges of recesses which are located at the crests of the corrugations engaging a tube for establishing heat transmitting contact between the metal sheet and the tube, each recess in the metal sheet is so much smaller than the geometrical figure inscribed by the line of engagement between the metal sheet and the tube that an annular edge portion will be formed between the recess and the line of engagement. As a result, the recess despite manufacturing inaccuracies will bear with the whole extent of its edges against the tube, the excess material at the edges of the recess being brought to form an edge flange facing the tube.The corrugated metal sheet is manufactured from a strip which is advanced stepwise in the corrugating operation. The recesses are punched in the metal sheet before the corrugating operation, the punching being effected between the steps of advancing the metal sheet.

Abstract: A low-current contact structure formed on a contact member or substrate of various layers is described. A layer of refractory material is connected via a layer of easily diffusive metal with a layer of noble metal through diffusion annealing.

Abstract: A low alloy nickel-manganese steel consists essentially of carbon 0.18-0.23 weight percent, manganese 0.70-0.90 weight percent, silicon 0.20-0.35 weight percent, chromium 0.40-0.60 weight percent, nickel 0.40-0.70 weight percent, molybdenum 0.15-0.25 weight percent and the balance iron. The steel is especially well suited for use as a backing material for bimetallic cylinders prepared by the centrifugal casting process. The backing material has improved stability at the temperatures employed during centrifugally casting a layer of a lining alloy within a cylinder of the backing material. The backing also has improved weldability and less tendency to develop residual bending stresses under the temperatures and pressures encountered during manufacture and use of the cylinder.

Abstract: Nickel-chromium stainless steel is of austenitic composition specially controlled to enable achieving resistance to elevated-temperature oxidation and corrosion at desirably economical levels of alloy content as low as 10% chromium and 10% nickel. Oxidation and corrosion resistant characteristics of the steel particularly include resistance to air-water atmospheres and gasoline exhaust atmospheres that are cyclically heated and cooled with heating to temperatures as high as 1800.degree. F. and cooling to room temperature. Steel has special utility for automotive exhaust train components and is generally useful for cyclically heated structural articles.

Abstract: A hot workable austenitic stainless steel of improved pitting and crevice corrosion resistance to the chloride ion. The steel consists essentialy of, by weight, from 18 to 20% chromium, 11 to 14% nickel, 3 to 4% molybdenum, up to 2% manganese, up to 0.01% sulfur, up to 0.1% of at least one element from the group consisting of cerium, calcium and magnesium, nitrogen from 0.1% up to its solubility limit, up to 0.08% carbon, up to 1% silicon, up to 1% columbium, up to 0.3% vanadium, up to 0.3% titanium, balance essentially iron.

Abstract: A new clad metal product is provided consisting of a core having at least one layer each of copper and of aluminum and at least one outer cladding layer of stainless steel on the layer of aluminum.

Abstract: Ferrite-austenite stainless steel castings having an improved erosion-corrosion resistance consist by weight percentage of not more than 0.1% of C, 0.2-3% of Si, not more than 2% of Mn, 2.2-4% of Cu, 3-9% of Ni, 20-30% of Cr, 2-6% of Mo, 0.08-0.25% of N, 0.12-0.3% of Sn, at least one of 0-2% of Nb, 0-1% of Ti, 0-2% of Ta, 0-1% of Zr and 0-1.5% of V and remainder of Fe, and are obtained by solution heat treatment at 1,000.degree.-1,150.degree. C in such a manner that Cr- and Ni-equivalents lie within an area represented by the area ABCD shown in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings.

Abstract: A high temperature oxidation resistant dispersion strengthened nickel-chromium alloy body is described. The alloy body comprises a first coating of metallic cobalt and a second coating of aluminum.

Abstract: A flame sprayed high energy milled powder coated article comprising a superalloy substrate and a coating consisting of chromium and at least one element selected from iron, cobalt or nickel. Optionally the coating can contain other elements, e.g., aluminum, carbon, yttrium or the rare earth elements.

Abstract: A high temperature oxidation and corrosion resistant coated nickel-base superalloy article comprising (a) a nickel-base superalloy article, and (b) a first CoCrAl(Y) coating composition consisting essentially of, on a weight basis, approximately 26-32% chromium, 3-9% aluminum, 0-1% yttrium, the rare earth elements, platinum or rhodium, and the balance nickel.

Abstract: A hot workable austenitic stainless steel having superior pitting and crevice corrosion resistance to the chloride ion. The steel consists essentially of, by weight, from 19 to 23% chromium, 5 to 16% nickel, 3 to 5% molybdenum, 2.5 to 15% manganese, up to 0.01% sulfur, up to 0.1% of at least one element from the group consisting of cerium, calcium and magnesium, nitrogen from 0.2% up to its solubility limit, up to 0.1% carbon, up to 1% silicon, up to 3% copper, up to 1% columbium, up to 0.3% vanadium, up to 0.3% titanium, balance essentially iron.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel which in wrought or cast, and annealed, condition exhibits excellent galling resistance, excellent stress corrosion resistance in chloride-containing environments, good resistance against intergranular corrosion, good high temperature oxidation resistance, and a high work hardening rate. The broad composition range is, in weight percent, about 13 to about 19% chromium, about 13 to about 19% nickel, 0.5 to about 4% manganese, 3.5 to about 7% silicon, up to about 0.15% carbon, less than 0.04% nitrogen, about 0.05% maximum phosphorus, about 0.05% maximum sulfur, and balance essentially iron except for incidental impurities. The steel can be readily worked with conventional equipment and has particular utility for applications in which moving metal-to-metal contact, corrosive attack and/or elevated temperature are encountered in combination. The steel can also be cast into articles of ultimate use, or utilized in powder metallurgy techniques.

Abstract: An earth-working implement of high carbon-high hardness steel wherein the globular shape of the sulfides is retained during the manufacturing process by the addition of strong sulfide-forming additives whereby the "fracture toughness" in the rolling direction is substantially increased thereby resulting in a high strength implement possessing superior fracture resistance properties in all directions including the rolling direction.

Abstract: An aluminum brazing sheet comprises a core of an aluminum alloy and a first layer of an aluminum brazing alloy provided on at least one side of the core to form a composite. A second layer of an aluminum alloy is clad on both sides of the composite. The aluminum alloy of the second layer contains 0.5 to 1.2 wt.% Mg and 1.2 to 1.8 wt.% Si. In addition, the aluminum alloy of the second layer can contain 0.2 wt.% Cu max., 0.7 wt.% Fe max., 1.5 wt.% Mn max., the remainder aluminum and incidental impurities. The second layer has a melting point substantially equivalent to the melting point of the brazing layer.

Abstract: Ferromagnetic alloys containing palladium suitable for use in magnetic devices and having improved resistance to corrosion contain from about 20 to 65 atomic percent palladium, up to 80 atomic percent iron and 0 to 55 atomic percent nickel. Magnetic films made of these alloys which contain 20 to 65 atomic percent palladium exhibit a magnetization, 4.pi.M, and a corrosion resistance equal to or better than Permalloy.

Abstract: Thin film absorber stacks consisting of an absorptive film of titanium, zirconium or hafnium suboxide, subcarbide or subnitride superposed on a reflective film of silver, aluminum or copper display spectrally selective characteristics. The absorptive film may be prepared by reactively sputtering the metal or the metal carbide in argon or other inert gas with small amounts of gas containing carbon, oxygen or nitrogen or their combinations, or by reaction of the metal film in air or other gas.

Abstract: Composite calcium materials to be used for welding or refining steel, nickel, nickel alloy or iron alloy, which are produced by cladding a sheath of aluminum, iron or alloys thereof and a core consisting of1. a mixture or an alloy of calcium or an alloy thereof with at least one element of aluminum and rare earth metals,2. a mixture of calcium or an alloy thereof with a flux of silicates, oxides or halides of alkaline earth metals, or3. a mixture consisting of the above described mixture or alloy (1) with the flux as described in the above item (2).

Abstract: A wear-resistant article comprises a zinc base metal having a substantially continuous, hard chromium skin layer on at least one surface thereof and a chromium-enriched subsurface layer of the zinc base metal situated immediately below the chromium skin layer. The chromium-enriched subsurface layer has a gradually decreasing chromium content in a direction inwardly away from the skin layer and is at least as thick as the skin layer. The wear-resistant article of this invention is produced by direct electrodeposition of chromium onto the zinc base metal from a self-regulating bath under controlled conditions.