Abstract: A pair of generally vertically aligned press bending molds are slidably mounted relative to each other. An alignment pin extends into alignment holes in the upper and lower molds when the molds are vertically aligned. Adjusting screws positioned around the periphery of each mold, contact and bias each mold in a desired direction so as to precisely align the upper mold relative to the lower mold.

Abstract: A liquid sample-spotting apparatus having a base, a holder which is mounted on the base by an elastic body such as a spring in such a manner that said holder is movable downward against an action of the elastic body for recovering the original form, and a manually operable micropipette which is detachably supported by the holder. A process for spotting a liquid sample on an analytical element using said apparatus, which comprises steps of moving downward the holder and the micropipette with a droplet of the liquid sample formed on the pointed end against the recovering action of the elastic body; stopping the downward movement of the micropipette when the droplet of the liquid sample bridges the micropipette and the surface of the analytical element to spot the droplet on the element; and elevating the micropipette to the original position by the recoverable action of the elastic body.

Abstract: In an inside tube vapor phase deposition process for the production of doped silica glass by an oxidation reaction for optical fibre manufacture, in particular fluorine doped silica, the oxidation reaction is prevented from occurring until the reactant material, for example silicon tetrachloride and a fluorinating reagent, has been heated to a temperature above that required for the oxidation reaction. This preheating of the reactant material results in the oxidation reaction producing compositions of glasses which are not allowed from thermodynamic considerations at the lower temperature usually employed for the oxidation reaction, for example silica more highly doped with fluorine than hitherto achieved.

Abstract: Ducts are provided to direct cooling gas onto the outer and interior surfaces of a rotating article of glassware that is heated to a uniform temperature above the strain point of the particular glass composition from which the glassware is formed in order to temper the glassware by producing beneficial residual compressive stresses on the surfaces. The ducts have gas emitting nozzles that shape the cooling gas streams to conform to the shape of the glassware surfaces. The ducts and nozzles are so positioned that the cooling gas impinges upon the glassware surfaces tangentially and in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the surfaces to increase the effective velocity of the gas and to promote laminar flow of the cooling gas over the surfaces and thereby enhance cooling.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of tempering a glass sheet by first suitably heating the glass sheet and quenching the heated glass sheet by directing jets of air onto both surfaces of the glass sheet from two sets of nozzles respectively protruding from oppositely disposed two air chambers. At the start of quenching, each air chamber is suddenly allowed to communicate with a source of compressed air kept at a predetermined first pressure in the range from 2 to 8 kg/cm.sup.2 (gauge pressure) such that a rapid drop from the first pressure to a predetermined second pressure in the range from 0.05 to 0.5 kg/cm.sup.2 (gauge pressure) takes place as the compressed air expands into the air chamber and such that substantially the whole length of the air chamber and the nozzles serves as a sort of shock wave tube. Consequently, the air jets arriving at the glass sheet surfaces at the initial stage of quenching are very high in kinetic energy and heat dissipating power.

Abstract: This invention relates to a copper base alloy with improved toughness and weldability for use in making molds for glass containers. The alloy of the present invention contains copper, nickel and aluminum and may have intentional additions of iron for grain refinement and niobium for increased oxidation resistance. It is felt that niobium should be added when the alloy is to be welded under adverse conditions. The nickel content sould be between about 12 and 16 wt/o and the aluminum content between about 8.5 and 11.5 wt/o. If the aluminum content is above or below the range, and/or the nickel content is near or above 16 wt/o the alloy may have excessive hardness. Iron additions for grain refinement should be up to about 1.0 wt/o. The niobium, when added to improve weldability, should be maintained between about 0.5 and 1.0 wt/o.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a plate glass which comprises(A) a melter for storing a molten glass material,(B) a molding portion for molding the molten glass material from the melter into a plate,(C) a temperature adjusting tank located between the melter and the molding portion for maintaining the molten glass material from the melter at a uniform temperature, said temperature adjusting tank having a glass material channel for introducing the molten glass material maintained at the uniform temperature into the molding portion in a position facing on the molding portion, and(D) a tweel for adjusting a flow rate of the glass material which is raisable and lowerable in the glass material channel and has a hole through which a surface layer stream of the molten glass material can be separated and passed in the glass material channel.

Abstract: A centrifugal casting device adapted to mold and cast a casting material melted by a casting material melting means, by the centrifugal force of a rotary arm, in a mold disposed on the centrifugal side of the arm through a casting crucible disposed at one end of the arm, in which device the melting means is designed to move outside the path of rotation of the arm at least when the arm is rotated so as to reduce the force of rotation of the arm to thereby increase efficiency of casting. And also a centrifugal casting device having the above features in which device the righting reaction of a charged compression spring is used as the driving force of the rotary arm and further included a clutch member and sensors so that the rotary arm stops as soon as possible at the end of casting and returns automatically to its normal position after stopping so as to be ready for the next step of casting and so as to automatically keep the force of rotation of the arm invariably constant.

Abstract: According to the invention, a cryogenic liquid as liquid oxygen is vaporized in a heat exchanger by air, which air is thus cooled and further used to blow bottles or the like manufactured at the end of the line where glass is melted and refined by burners using the gaseous oxygen.

Abstract: A pulverulent batch stream is fed into a liquefying vessel by means of an angled feed tube so as to direct the stream tangentially onto side wall portions. The tube may be rotated so as to change the location onto which the batch stream is impinged.

Abstract: Apparatus for pyrolytically forming a metal compound coating on an upper face of a hot glass substrate 1 in sheet or ribbon form comprises conveyor means 2 for conveying a the substrate along a path also indicated at 1 in a downstream direction 3, a roof structure 5 defining a coating chamber 6 opening downwardly onto the path 1 and means 7 for discharging coating precursor material into the chamber 6. Upstream of the coating chamber 6 there is an antechamber 25 which communicates with the coating chamber 6 via an entry slot 24 which is defined in part by the path of the substrate 1, and via which gas can be caused to flow into the coating chamber 6 so as to form (when the apparatus is in use) a blanket layer which covers the upper face of the substrate 1 along a first part of the length of the chamber 6. Means 26 is provided for controllably preheating the gas forming the blanket layer.

Abstract: A local heating source is provided in a heating furnace in which a glass plate is continuously conveyed. The heating source is position-controlled by numerical data in a direction along the glass surface in accordance with the conveyance of the glass plate, so as to data-control the heating trace. As a result, the heating patterns can be easily altered in units of article types of the glass plates which are to be bent in different shapes, resulting in highly efficient production on a multi article type-small lot base.

Abstract: A blowhead (10; 100) for blowing air through a neck opening (12; 112) of a glass parison (14; 114) to cause it to expand. The blowhead defines an air supply passage (28; 128) through which air can enter the parison and an exhaust passage (45; 145) through which air can exhaust from the parison. The cross-sectional area, transversely to the direction of air flow, of at least a portion of the exhaust passage is adjustable.

Abstract: In an arrangement for preheating and liquefying glass batch materials or the like, the material is transferred from the preheater to the liquefying vessel by conveyor means that isolates batch material from exhaust gas and permits feeding of the batch material to selected regions of the liquefying vessel.

Abstract: A glass delivery system is disclosed which includes a molybdenum delivery pipe surrounded by molten glass and inductively heated by a water cooled induction heating coil surrounding the molybdenum pipe and spaced apart therefrom by means of refractory material.

Abstract: A glass sheet heating system (10) is disclosed as including a cradled roll conveyor (48) incorporated with a furnace (12) having roll contacting seals (58) that directly engage conveyor rolls (60) to prevent heat loss from the furnace. Each roll contacting seal (58) preferably includes a pair of rigid refractory seal holders (64,66) and a pair of soft blanket seals (68,70) made of refractory fibers. Sets of cradle rolls (72) on each side of the furnace have high traction drive elements (78) and cooperate in pairs to rotatably support the conveyor rolls (60) in planarity with each othe to convey glass sheets. A drive mechanism (80) provides driving of the cradle rolls 72 with sufficient friction to overcome the friction generated between the roll contacting seals (58) and the conveyor rolls (60).

Abstract: A glass melting furnace and process wherein a second combustion zone toward the glass discharge end of the glass melting chamber is underport sideport fired while a first combustion zone toward the batch charge end of the glass melting chamber is side-of-port and/or overport sideport fired.

Abstract: A spout assembly for use in feeding gobs of molten glass to a glassware forming machine which includes a spout bowl, a plurality of burner blocks on top of the spout bowl and a plurality of cover blocks on top of the burner blocks. Adjacent ends of both the root blocks and burner blocks form a junction which has a jog therein to provide a baffle effect to prevent heat loss. The cover blocks also have a projection extending downward therefrom that taper downward and inwardly toward the axis of the spout bowl.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing highly curved, tempered sheets of glass. A horizontal, continuous conveyer is provided for transporting planar sheets of glass into an electrically heated, oscillating or continuously operating horizontal hearth-type furnace for softening the glass. A stationary combined bending and cooling station is essentially disposed directly after the furnace, and includes a vertical bending press and a fixed lower bending mechanism in which, in the first phase, a sheet of glass receives the desired shape, and in a second phase is tempered. Fixed coolant connections are provided on the vertical bending press and on the lower bending mechanism for providing coolant to the bending press and lower bending mechanism.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for pressing glass TV tube faceplates employing a microprocessor controlled ram and plunger operated with open loop position based speed control at relatively high rates of motion when the plunger is not in critical contact with the glass, at uniform speed as the plunger enters the glass and at closed loop pressure control after the viewing region of the cavity for the faceplate between plunger and mold has been filled out at uniform plunger pressing speed. Pressure control is employed to ramp pressure down to a pressing dwell pressure and maintain that pressure.