Abstract: An electrode for detecting interactions between members of a binding pair, which electrode has been modified by formation of a non-conductive self-assembled monolayer, and a method of detecting biomolecules, such as nucleic acids or other targets, including receptors, ligands, antigens or antibodies, utilizing such an electrode. When contacted with a target nucleic acid, an oligonucleotide probe coupled to the self-assembled monolayer reacts with the target nucleic acid form a hybridized nucleic acid on the modified electrode surface. The hybridized nucleic acid is reacted with a transition metal complex capable of oxidizing a preselected base in the hybridized nucleic acid in an oxidation-reduction reaction, the oxidation-reduction reaction is detected, and the presence or absence of the nucleic acid is determined from the detected oxidation-reduction reaction.

Abstract: The base sequence data of a gene is analyzed. A set of degenerate probes are hybridized to a single-stranded nucleic acid analyte derived from a gene, the nucleic acid analyte is used as a template and the probes are used as primers for a thermo-cycled polymerase reaction, the reaction products obtained from the respective probes are separated by gel electrophoresis and the electrophoresis patterns for the probes are compared, to allow for feature extraction of the base sequence of the nucleic acid analyte, including its sequencing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotides comprising genes that regulate cell proliferation. The present invention also relates to a method for diagnosing or monitoring the treatment of a disease characterized by the altered expression of genes that regulate cell proliferation in a sample.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a library of mutagenized polynucleotides from a target sequence comprising (a) taking a sample comprising: (i) a target sequence including a section to be mutagenized, (ii) a library of first primers where the first primers include a first fixed sequence and a first unknown sequence 3′ to the first fixed sequence, the first unknown sequence varying within the library of first primers, and (iii) a library of second primers where the second primer include a second fixed sequence that differs from the first fixed sequence, and a second unknown sequence 3′ to the second fixed sequence, the second unknown sequence varying within the library of second primers; (b) performing one or more cycles of primer extension amplification on the sample in the presence of at least one polymerase such that a member of the library of the first primers is extended relative to the target sequence; and (c) performing one or more additional cycles of primer extension amplification on the

Abstract: A method of fabricating an addressable array of biopolymers on a substrate using a biomonomer with a first linking group which must be activated for linking to a substrate bound moiety, and apparatus and computer program products for executing the method. The method includes forming on a region of the substrate carrying the substrate bound moiety, a solid activator composition. A biomonomer containing fluid composition is deposited on the region so that the solid activator activates the first linking group and the biomonomer links to the substrate bound moiety. The foregoing steps may be repeated, wherein a biomonomer deposited and linked to the substrate bound moiety in one cycle is the substrate bound moiety for the next cycle, so as to form the biopolymer.

Abstract: A method for judging a possibility of the onset of bovine leukemia caused by bovine leukemia virus BLV, wherein a bovine individual, in which an amino acid sequence defined by the amino acid numbers 75 to 78 of the &bgr;1 domain of the bovine MHC Class II DR&bgr; chain is Val-Asp-Thr-Tyr, is judged to have a possibility of the onset of the leukemia; and a method for judging a resistance to the onset of bovine leukemia caused by the bovine leukemia virus BLV, wherein a bovine individual, in which an amino acid defined by the amino acid number 78 of the &bgr;1 domain of the bovine MHC Class II DR&bgr; chain is Val, is judged to have a resistance to the onset of the leukemia.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method and a device which enables an integrated amplification and detection of nucleic acids.

Abstract: The invention provides homogeneous assay methods for nucleic acid hybridization, detection and evaluation. The assay includes obtaining signals from a test sample both before and during the application of a voltage to the test sample and correlating the signals, each of which is indicative of the binding affinity of the probe and the target to each other. The assay enables determining an extent of matching between the probe and the target, as the voltage can be calibrated so as to destabilize significantly any hybridization except perfectly complementary hybridization. The signals whose magnitude is correlated with binding affinity can be electrical conductance and/or fluorescent intensity. Preferably, both signal pairs are measured and compared so as to enhance the reliability of the assay. The assay can detect specific hybridization between single-stranded probes and non-denatured double-stranded targets to form triplexes, thus obviating the need to denature the targets.

Abstract: The invention involves the recognition of a previously unidentified protein family which belongs to the human SCP family. The members of the family, such as SCP-2 and rat SCP-3 homolog, are markers for cell transformation. Also disclosed is the analysis of SCP proteins association with nuclear bodies. Diagnostic and therapeutic uses of these proteins and related molecules are taught.

Abstract: Analysis of the genes whose expression is affected by BRCA1 has identified a set of genes, each of which is up- or down-regulated by BRCA1. Each of these genes, alone or in groups, can be used to determine the mutational status of a BRCA1 gene, to determine whether a particular allelic variant affects BRCA1 function, to diagnose neoplasia, and to help identify candidate drugs which may be useful as anti-neoplastic agents.

Abstract: This invention provides methods for the discovery of molecules that target an essential aspect of eukaryotic gene expression—the formation of the mRNA 5′ cap m7GpppN. An underlying principle of this invention is the use of a different strains of a test organism that differ only in the composition or source of the essential cap-forming enzymes. The invention provides isogenic yeast strains that derive all their capping activities from fungal sources versus mammalian sources. These strains form the basis of a differential growth inhibition assay to identify molecules that specifically target the fungal capping apparatus. This invention also provides a method to screen in vitro for molecules that inhibit fungal RNA triphosphatase, an essential enzyme that catalyzes the first of three steps in cap synthesis.

Abstract: The present invention is based at least in part on the discovery of the genomic structure of the human SR-BI gene and on the identification of polymorphic regions within the gene. Accordingly, the invention provides nucleic acids having a nucleotide sequence of an allelic variant of an SR-BI gene and nucleic acids having an SR-BI intronic sequence. The invention also provides methods for identifying specific alleles of polymorphic regions of an SR-BI gene, methods for determining whether a subject has or is at risk of developing a disease which is associated with a specific allele of a polymorphic region of an SR-BI gene, and kits for performing such methods.

Abstract: A process for inducing a transcriptionally active chromosome (i.e., a “lampbrush” chromosome) from condensed chromatin or nucleus is disclosed. The condensed chromosome is contacted with the contents of a germinal vesicle. Preferably, the nuclear envelope is disrupted or removed. Moreover, a heterologous system of chromosome and germinal vesicle derived from organisms of different species is preferred because it permits analysis of organisms that do not have lampbrush chromosomes or cannot be manipulated by other techniques. Such lampbrush chromosomes can be attached to a substrate, and then analyzed by a variety of molecular and cytological techniques such as, for example, antibody detection of chromosomal protein, autoradiography, electron and light microscopy, histochemistry, image analysis, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization of nucleic acids, morphology, and the like.

Abstract: An electrode for detecting interactions between members of a binding pair, which electrode has been modified by formation of a non-conductive self-assembled monolayer, and a method of detecting biomolecules, such as nucleic acids or other targets, including receptors, ligands, antigens or antibodies, utilizing such an electrode. When contacted with a target nucleic acid, an oligonucleotide probe coupled to the self-assembled monolayer reacts with the target nucleic acid to form a hybridized nucleic acid on the modified electrode surface. The hybridized nucleic acid is reacted with a transition metal complex capable of oxidizing a preselected base in the hybridized nucleic acid in an oxidation-reduction reaction, the oxidation-reduction reaction is detected, and the presence or absence of the nucleic acid is determined from the detected oxidation-reduction reaction.