Abstract: Lead from lead acid battery scrap is recovered in two separate production streams as clean grid lead and as high-purity lead without smelting. In preferred aspects, lead recovery is performed in a continuous process that uses an aqueous electroprocessing solvent and electro-refining, and spent electroprocessing solvent can be recycled to the recovery process.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a device comprising or configured to comprise composite resin electrodes. Further provided are methods of using the device for selectively removing dissolved ions from water.

Abstract: A system for controlling the ion content of a colloidal system. A porous deionizer is used to selectively remove and isolate ions from a colloidal system. The colloidal particles within the system have their attraction/repulsion tuned by control of the ion content to alter the interaction between the colloidal particles.

Abstract: A magnetohydrodynamic microfluidic system and a method of pumping a fluid using a magnetohydrodynamic system are disclosed. The method includes applying at least one of an electric current and an electric voltage to a first modified electrode and a second electrode to generate an ionic current between the first modified electrode and the second electrode and to cause a current carrying species to move to or from the modified electrode, applying a magnetic field perpendicular to an ionic current vector, the magnetic field and the ionic current combining to induce flow of the fluid in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field and the ionic current vector, and maintaining fluid flow by recharging the modified electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas generator and comprises an electrolytic cell and a water-blocking device. The electrolytic cell is used for electrolyzing electrolyzed water to generate a gas with hydrogen. The electrolytic cell has an outlet for outputting the gas with hydrogen. The water-blocking device is set on the outlet for preventing the electrolyzed water from flowing out when the electrolytic cell is tilted by a tilt angle. The gas pathway of the invention will be closed by the water-blocking device when the gas generator is toppled, thereby preventing the electrolyte-rich electrolyzed water from flowing out.

Abstract: There are provided methods for preparing lithium hydroxide. For example, such methods can comprise submitting an aqueous composition comprising a lithium compound to an electrolysis under conditions suitable for converting at least a portion of said lithium compound into lithium hydroxide. There are also provided methods for preparing lithium sulphate.

Abstract: A multifunctional membraneless boiled water electrolysis machine comprises a container (21) for containing raw water, and a water electrolysis apparatus. The water electrolysis apparatus is mounted outside the container (21) for containing raw water and comprises an electrolysis power supply (9), an electrolysis water tank (10) and an electrolysis electrode assembly (18) located in the electrolysis water tank. A water outlet at a bottom of the container for containing the raw water is connected with a water pump (24) through a pipeline. The water pump (24) is connected with a water inlet (15) of the electrolysis water tank (10) through the pipeline. The raw water in the container can flow into the electrolysis electrode assembly (18) from the water inlet (15) of the electrolysis water tank (10) after being heated or boiled by a heater (16). The water is electrolyzed through the gaps between the electrodes of different polarities in the electrolysis electrode assembly (18).

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction device of an embodiment includes: a reaction tank which includes a first storage storing a first electrolytic solution containing carbon dioxide, and a second storage storing a second electrolytic solution containing water; a reduction electrode which is disposed at the first storage, an oxidation electrode which is disposed at the second storage; a counter electrode which is used for potential sweep using the reduction electrode as a working electrode; a first power supply which is electrically connected to the reduction electrode and the oxidation electrode, to generate a reduction reaction and an oxidation reaction; and a second power supply which is electrically connected to the reduction electrode and the counter electrode, to sweep a potential while setting an oxidation potential of the reduction electrode or less as an upper limit potential.

Abstract: Provided are a protein crystal device and method for crystallizing protein capable of generating protein crystal without imparting a heat effect, a protein crystal-cutting device and method for cutting protein crystal capable of cutting protein crystal without imparting a heat effect on protein crystal, and bubble-jetting member and protein-adsorbing-bubble-jetting member used in said device. A bubble-jetting member is used in a protein crystal device to jet bubbles into a protein solution to thereby allow protein crystals to be obtained, the bubble-jetting member comprising: a core formed of a conductive material; a shell part formed of an insulating material, including an extended section extending from the tip of the core, and in which at least a portion closely adheres to the core to cover the core; and a gap having a bubble-jetting port, the gap being formed between the extended section and the tip of the core.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing separation membrane for water treatment, separation membrane manufactured thereby, and a water treatment method using the separation membrane. More specifically, the present invention relates to: a method for manufacturing separation membrane for water treatment, made of electrically conductive metal or non-metal materials, which can enhance the membrane performance by reducing membrane contamination during water treatment and replace separation membrane made of polymer materials; separation membrane manufactured thereby; and a water treatment method using the separation membrane.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus and a method to desalinate aqueous solution. The apparatus disclosed herein comprises at least two electrodes and at least one ion selective membrane in continuous contact with the aqueous solution that is contained in the internal space created by connecting a top manifold and a bottom manifold of the apparatus. The ion selective membrane(s) are arranged in such a manner as to enable reversing the flow of the charged particles by direct or indirect means. The electrodes in this apparatus may be made of material that reversibly reacts with chlorides in water.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus includes an electrochemical reactor including a shell structure and a support structure for supporting the shell structure on a base. The support structure includes at least one support element supporting the shell structure from the ledge. A head room portion includes, within the inner space of the shell structure, at least one shelf for receiving and supporting at least one lug portion of at least one electrode plate for suspending the electrode plate. The shelf being located, when in use, preferably directly above the ledge.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to methods and systems for producing ammonium perchlorate.

Abstract: Described are improved electrodialysis (ED) desalination systems and methods comprising voltage regulation and/or improved stack geometries. The systems and methods provide product water concentrations suitable for drinking (having a total dissolved solids concentration of less than 500 mg/L or 500 ppm) and have a high product recovery ratio.

Abstract: Lead from lead acid battery scrap is recovered in two separate production streams as clean grid lead and as high-purity lead without smelting. In preferred aspects, lead recovery is performed in a continuous process that uses an aqueous electroprocessing solvent and electro-refining, and spent electroprocessing solvent can be recycled to the recovery process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and system for treating water within a water system to control one or more of scaling, corrosion, bacteria and algae. In particular, the invention relates to methods and systems for applying a superimposed time-varying frequency electromagnetic wave comprising both AC and DC components in a pulsating manner to water within a water system, such as, for example, cooling water systems, cooling towers, boiler systems and water storage systems. The method and the system of the invention significantly reduce capital costs and require very low energy, they avoid environmentally unfriendly final products, and are able to result in various treatment effects simultaneously.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) desalination system and method of use. The system employs clusters of tubular membranes oriented parallel to each other, each membrane having an internal flow path capable of receiving an electrolyte slurry (carbon slurry) therethrough. Each tubular membrane further comprises an electrode coaxially extending through the entire length of the electrode. Preferably, adjacent electrodes within the cluster receive a positive or negative charge, respectively. The cluster of tubular membranes is nested within a flow chamber capable of receiving saline or brackish water to be flowed along the outside surfaces of the tubular membranes to cause selected ions, e.g., Na+, Cl— to pass through the membranes and into the carbon slurry circuit. The desalinated water then passes out of the flow chamber. The outer diameter of the electrodes can be optimized based on the inner diameter of the tubular membrane.

Abstract: Methods of regenerating a strong base anion resin are described. The method comprises collecting a salt-containing product from a chromatographic system configured to process a biomass derived material. The salt-containing product is processed through a nanofiltration membrane to collect a salt-containing permeate, which is used to regenerate a spent strong base anion resin. The biomass may be a plant-based material, such as sugar beets or sugar cane. A system for regenerating a strong base anion resin is also described.

Abstract: Methods for the production in an electrochemical cell of graphene and graphite nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm in a cell having a negative electrode which is graphitic and an electrolyte which consists of ions in a solvent, where the cations are sulfur-containing ions or phosphorus containing ions, wherein the method comprises the step of passing a current through the cell to intercalate ions into the graphitic negative electrode so as to exfoliate the graphitic negative electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a device useful or removing dissolved ions from water comprising or configured to comprise composite resin electrodes. The present invention provides for a device useful for removing dissolved ions from water comprising or configured to comprise composite resin electrodes. The present invention also provides for a method for removing dissolved ions from water comprising providing said device, and using it thereof.