Abstract: A vehicle includes a back door glass, a high mount stop lamp provided in front of the back door glass facing the back door glass in a front-rear direction of the vehicle, an interior panel provided below the high mount stop lamp and configured to extend along the front-rear direction of the vehicle, and a seal member. The high mount stop lamp includes a lamp base and an extension portion configured to extend from the lamp base toward the back door glass at a rear of the vehicle in the front-rear direction of the vehicle. The seal member is configured to seal a space between the back door glass and the extension portion.

Abstract: A lighting device disclosed in an embodiment of the invention includes a substrate; a plurality of light sources spaced apart from each other at predetermined intervals on the substrate; a resin layer disposed on the substrate; a phosphor layer disposed on the resin layer and having a pattern layer including a concave portion and a convex portion formed on a surface facing the resin layer; and a diffusion layer disposed between the resin layer and the phosphor layer, wherein a thickness of the diffusion layer may be 10% or more and less than 50% of the maximum thickness of the phosphor layer.

Abstract: According to a liquid crystal display panel and a display device in the present disclosure, since at least one of a first polarizer and a second polarizer has a light scattering structure, polarized light of corresponding colors transmitted by sub-pixel units with different colors in a liquid crystal display structure can be uniformly diffused by the light scattering structure. That is to say, the light scattering structure plays a role for uniformly mixing the polarized light of different colors. Therefore, the rainbow pattern phenomenon is effectively improved or even eliminated, and the display quality is improved.

Abstract: A light bar for a motor vehicle has a plurality of lights mounted to an elongated support member is rotatably connected to opposing end walls of a rectangular frame. An offset cam is connected to the support member and moved by an actuating mechanism between a first and second position which cause the support member and lights to rotate about an axis to corresponding first and second positions. When the support frame and lights are in a first position they are shielded by and substantially enclosed by the sides and ends of the rectangular frame, and when in a second position the lights extend above and generally parallel to the rectangular frame to shine above and forward of the rectangular frame. A power switch energizes the actuating mechanism to move the lights and support member between the first and second positions.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a heaterless hollow cathode for use in electric propulsion devices is presented. According to one aspect the cathode includes a thermionic emitter having a constricted upstream inlet compared to a downstream outlet of the emitter. The emitter is arranged downstream a hollow cathode tube. Constriction of the upstream inlet is provided by an inner cylindrical hollow space at an upstream region of the emitter having a diameter that is smaller compared to a diameter of an inner cylindrical hollow space at a downstream region of the emitter. A hollow transition region having a varying diameter connects the upstream region to the downstream region. According to another aspect, a ratio of the diameters of the two cylindrical hollow spaces reduces penetration of electric field, and therefore of electric discharge, into the upstream region of the emitter during operation.

Abstract: A plasma generation system includes a reference clock, a plurality of solid state generator modules, and a processing chamber. The reference clock is configured to generate a reference signal. Each solid state generator module is linked to an electronic switch and each electronic switch is linked to the reference clock. The solid state generator modules are each configured to generate an output based on the reference signal from the reference clock. The processing chamber is configured to receive the output of at least two of the solid state generator modules to combine the outputs of said solid state generator modules therein.

Abstract: A luminaire includes a housing that defines a light output aperture, a backlight apparatus that emits light toward the light output aperture, and an optical sheet of light transmissive material. The optical sheet is adjacent the backlight apparatus and modifies the light before it leaves the light output aperture. The optical sheet forms a first surface and an opposite second surface. At least one of the first surface or the second surface of the optical sheet includes a first spatial region that includes elliptical diffusers oriented predominantly in a first direction, a second spatial region that includes elliptical diffusers oriented predominantly in a second direction that is different from the first direction, and a third spatial region that includes at least one type of optical microstructure selected from the group consisting of Fresnel lenses, v-groove lenses, v-cut lenses, pyramidal lenses, lenticular lenses, donut lenses and conical diffusers.

Abstract: A vehicle light-adjusting window and a vehicle light-adjusting window system capable of clearly projecting a video are provided. A vehicle light-adjusting window includes a transparent plate, a first conductive film, a light-adjusting layer, a second conductive film, and a projection film, which are arranged in this order.

Abstract: The present invention provides an emitter, which comprises carbon nanotubes and is excellent in the efficiency of electron emission, and an X-ray tube comprising the same.

Abstract: A vehicle interior component configured to provide a user interface for interaction with a vehicle system is disclosed. The component may comprise a composite structure comprising a substrate, cover and functional layer. The user interface may comprise a light source/display and an input device comprising a switch and/or control element. The switch may project through a hole in the cover. The functional layer may comprise a soft layer, foam, fleece, fabric, textile, spacer, etc.; the functional layer may comprise a light-transmissive material. The light source/display may provide illumination through a light-transmissive section of the substrate, the functional layer and/or the cover. Illumination may indicate location of the input device. The light-transmissive section of the substrate may comprise illuminated display elements for the light display. Operation of the user interface may comprise an animation effect from illumination of display elements in a sequence.

Abstract: An optical film is disclosed. The optical film may include a first base film, and a diffusion lens layer disposed on one surface of the first base film and including a plurality of square pyramid-shaped lenses. Edges meeting at vertices of the plurality of square pyramid-shaped lenses may be curved lines. Among the plurality of square pyramid-shaped lenses, one surface of a first square pyramid-shaped lens may meet one surface of a second square pyramid-shaped lens to form a boundary line, and the one surface of the first square pyramid-shaped lens and the one surface of the second square pyramid-shaped lens may be symmetrical with respect to the boundary line as an axis.

Abstract: An electron gun comprising a cathode having an electron emitting surface and whose planar shape is circular, a heater to increase the temperature of the cathode, and an anode to apply a positive electric potential relative to the cathode to extract electrons in a predetermined direction is provided. The cathode comprises a through hole at a central portion thereof along a central axis of the cathode, and either the cathode comprises a no-emitting layer at at least one of an opening edge on the electron emitting surface side of the through hole and an inner surface of the through hole, or the opening edge on the electron emitting surface side of the through hole is a chamfered C surface or a chamfered R surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating electron radiation comprises a wire-shaped hot cathode that is much more extensive in a longitudinal direction than in a transverse direction. Electron radiation emerges from the hot cathode that, due to the elongated shape of the hot cathode, exhibits an elongated, line-shaped cross section perpendicular to its direction of propagation, where the extension in longitudinal direction of the line is significantly greater than in transverse direction of the line. The apparatus further comprises a cathode electrode and an anode. A voltage for accelerating the electrons emitted from the hot cathode is applied between the cathode electrode and the anode. The hot cathode is arranged to be spaced apart from the cathode electrode such that electrons that are accelerated to the anode are emitted from the hot cathode in each of the transverse directions.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electron source operating method, the electron source including at least one emission site fixed on a tip, the emission site being a reaction product formed by metal atoms of a surface of the tip and gas molecules under an electric field, and the operating method comprises emitting electrons by controlling operating parameters of the electron source.

Abstract: A steerable illumination fixtures include an emitting source and a refractive optical system that steers an emitted beam by relative translation of the emitting source against the optical system. The light emitting source may be placed along an optical axis of one or more lenses to produce an output beam along that axis, or translated in-plane (orthogonal to the optical axis) relative to the lenses to produce a steered beam. The optical system may include refractive lenses and in some embodiments mixing channels and/or one or more baffles with apertures. The design is typically optimized to produce a round, uniform beam that retains approximately the same power level and beam width as it is steered. It is beneficial, but not required, that a second lens have a diameter equal to or larger than a first lens. The lenses may be configured so that the effective focal plane of the two lenses together is located approximately at the plane of the light emitting source.

Abstract: A CEM and an ion detector of one embodiment have a structure for enabling ion detection with higher sensitivity than the prior art. A channel electron multiplier includes a channel body, an input-side conductive layer, an output-side conductive layer, and an electrode. The channel body includes a channel, and a resistance layer and an electron emission layer formed on the channel's inner wall surface. The input-side conductive layer is provided on the channel body, and a part thereof extends into the tapered opening. The output-side conductive layer is provided on the tapered opening. The electrode has openings through which charged particles pass, and is disposed on an opposite side of the output end face to the input end face. The electrode and the input-side conductive layer are set to the same potential to eliminate the influence of an external electric field in the tapered opening.

Abstract: An electron multiplier apparatus of the type used in ion detectors, and modifications thereto for extending the operational lifetime or otherwise improving performance. The electron multiplier includes a series of discrete electron emissive surfaces configured to provide an electron amplification chain, the electron multiplier being configured so as to inhibit or prevent a contaminant from entering into, or passing partially through, or passing completely through the electron multiplier. The electron multiplier may include one or more baffles configured so as to decrease vacuum conductance of the electron multiplier compared to the same or similar electron multiplier not having one or more baffles.

Abstract: An optical film includes a light-transmissive substrate and a first annular lens group. The light-transmissive substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. The first annular lens group is disposed on the second surface, and the first annular lens group is configured to allow light to pass through. The reflectivity of the first annular lens group decreases along a direction away from a central axis of the first annular lens group, and an extending direction of the central axis is the same as a thickness direction of the light-transmissive substrate.

Abstract: Discussed is a vehicle lamp using a semiconductor light-emitting device. The vehicle lamp includes a light source unit for emitting light. The light source unit includes a base substrate; a first electrode arranged on the base substrate; a plurality of semiconductor light-emitting devices arranged on the first electrode; and a second electrode arranged on upper sides of the semiconductor light-emitting devices and arranged so as to overlap with the semiconductor light-emitting devices, wherein the second electrode includes a plurality of protruding electrodes protruding toward a lower side of the second electrode, and the protruding electrodes can come in contact with the semiconductor light-emitting devices such that the protruding electrodes are electrically connected to the semiconductor light-emitting devices.

Abstract: An anode structure for a magnetron provides for low eddy currents and efficient water cooling. The anode structure may be made by machining a bimetal blank including an out layer of a first metal and an inner layer of a second metal and formed by explosion bonding. The second metal has a resistivity lower than first metal and a thermal conductivity higher than the first metal. The machining may result in the anode structure with vanes each having a center (tip) portion made of the second metal and the rest made of the first metal. The machined anode structure may be coated with the second metal.