Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing solutions of oligomeric methylaluminoxanes, which contain trimethylaluminum in the free and/or complexed form, in hydrocarbons by partial hydrolysis of trimethylaluminum with water and to carrying out this process in a rotor/stator reaction machine.The product obtained is suitable for preparing highly active polymerization catalysts.

Abstract: A method of treating a water-swellable clay after the clay has been mined and dried to improve its properties when in contact with salt-contaminated water. After the common initial drying of the clay to a moisture content of 12% by weight or less, the clay is rewetted to a moisture content of more than 12% by weight, preferably at least about 15% or more, based on the dry weight of the clay, then redried to a moisture content of 12% by weight or less, based on the dry weight of the clay.

Abstract: Polyurethane foam-supported double metal cyanide (DMC) compounds are disclosed as useful catalysts for epoxide polymerization. The catalysts are easy to prepare, and are more active and show reduced induction periods compared with conventional powdered DMC catalysts. The catalysts of the invention can be recovered from the epoxide polymer products and can be reused to catalyze additional epoxide polymerizations.

Abstract: Microspherical cogel particles comprising silica and at least one other metal oxide are prepared by forming a slurry of porous particulate material comprising silica and a liquid medium comprising at least 90%, by weight of the liquid medium, of an organic liquid and subjecting the slurry to spray drying. The method enables agglomeration of particulate material of especially small particle size to obtain microspherical particles of a size especially suitable for us as a catalyst support. The particles have a pore size of at least 2 cc/g and, especially when the particles contain titanium atoms, are especially suitable for use in the preparation of a catalyst for the polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: The invention provides a personal cleansing freezer bar comprising a skeleton structure having a relatively rigid, interlocking, semi-continuous, open, three-dimensional, crystalline mesh of neutralized carboxylic acid soap selected from the group consisting of sodium soap; wherein said bar is made by the following steps:(1) mixing a molten mixture comprising by weight of said bar: from about 15% to about 85% of said soap and from about 15% to about 40% water;(2) cooling said mixture to a semi-solid in a scraped wall heat exchanger freezer;(3) extruding said semi-solid as a soft plug; and(4) further cooling said soft plug to provide said personal cleansing bar.

Abstract: A description is given of a process for reducing the agglomeration tendency of hydrates within a fluid incorporating at least water and hydrocarbons, liable to form hydrates, under conditions where said hydrates may form, characterized in that into said fluid is incorporated an alkylene oxide-based hydrosoluble polymer or copolymer containing at least one --(OR)--.sub.n sequence, in which R represents a hydrocarbon group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms and n represents the average degree of polymerization of said sequence, at least one of the --(OR)--.sub.n sequences being an ethylene polyoxide sequence, associated with a thermodynamic inhibitor of the formation of hydrates, e.g. an alcohol or a glycol. This process is particularly appropriate for the case where the fluid to be treated contains a high proportion of water, e.g. more than 30% by weight. The presence of salts in the water can at least partly dispense with the addition of alcohols or glycols.

Abstract: In a method for oil-extracting treatment of wastes for extracting oil by heating wastes contained in a waste containing chamber in a manner to be shut off from air, an inert gas is injected into the waste containing chamber after termination of thermal decomposition of the wastes to force out the combustible gas within said waste containing chamber and said waste containing chamber is then opened, so as to prevent an explosion due to mixing of the residual combustible gas within the waste containing chamber and air after the termination of thermal decomposition of the wastes.

Abstract: A method of treating a water-swellable clay, initially having a Fe.sup.+3 /Fe.sup.+2 ratio of at least 1.0, preferably at least 3.0, and most preferably in the range of about 5.0 to about 15.0, after the clay has been mined and dried. After the common initial drying of the clay to a moisture content of 12% or less, the clay is re-wetted to a moisture content of more than 12% by weight, preferably at least about 15% or more, based on the dry weight of the clay, then re-dried to a moisture content of 12% by weight or less, based on the dry weight of the clay.

Abstract: A catalyst component useful in the polymerization of olefins is disclosed. The catalyst component comprises the product obtained by steps of (a) contacting silica with at least one hydrocarbon soluble magnesium-containing compound; (b) contacting the product of step (a) with component (1), a heterocyclic fused ring compound substituted with at least one oxygen atom, and component (2), a modifying compound selected from the group consisting of silicon halides, boron halides, aluminum halides, alkyl silicon halides and mixtures thereof, with the proviso that components (1) and (2) be present such that the molar ratio of component (2) to component (1) is at least about 4:1; and (c) contacting the product of step (b) with a titanium-containing compound having the structural formula TiX.sub.m (OR).sub.n, where X is halogen; R is hydrocarbyl; m is an integer of 1 to 4; and n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 3 with the proviso that the sum of m and n is 4.

Abstract: Naphtha is selectively hydrodesulfurized using spent resid upgrading catalyst to remove sulfur while minimizing loss in octane level due to olefin saturation.

Abstract: An improved metallization and method of metallization manufacture is provided which achieves highly conductive interconnect routing and ohmic contact between active junctions while minimizing or inhibiting cross-diffusions between the junctions and overlying conductors. A barrier layer of titanium and tungsten alloy, formed as part of the metallization layer, is placed between the junction and overlying conductor to minimize or inhibit such diffusions. The barrier forms a silicide at the barrier/junction interface at approximately the same time or simultaneously with a nitride formed at the upper surface of the barrier. Nitridation and silicidation is formed in a conventional diffusion furnace at low pressure to ensure accurate control of silicidation, nitridation, and contamination therein. By utilizing a conventional diffusion furnace to grow the nitride and silicide, the improved methodology herein achieves more cost effective metallization.

Abstract: When a catalyst for producing methacrylic acid is prepared by shaping a catalyst component represented by the general formula P.sub.a Mo.sub.b V.sub.c X.sub.d Y.sub.e Z.sub.f O.sub.g wherein P, Mo, V, X, Y, Z, a, b, c, d, e, f and g are as defined in the specification, a catalyst capable of giving methacrylic acid in high yield is provided by adding one or more organic high-molecular weight compounds with an average particle size of 0.01-10 .mu.m, and carrying out heat treatment before use as a catalyst.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst of high resistance which allows highly effective purification of nitric oxide into nontoxic gas, even for an exhaust gas containing oxygen at a high concentration. A carrier of the catalyst includes crystalline pentasil-type aluminosilicate and supports copper and phosphori, the amount of the phosphori being supported ranges from 0.01% to 6.0% by weight as a conversion to P.sub.2 O.sub.5, and ratio of the phosphorus to the copper, i.e., P/Cu (molar ratio) is in 0<(P/Cu).ltoreq.0.7. A method of reducing and eliminating a nitrogen oxide in an exhaust gas in the presence of a hydrocarbon having a ratio of an overall THC concentration/NO.sub.x concentration of 0.5-50 at a reaction temperature of 200.degree.-800.degree. C. in an oxidative atmosphere.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite SSZ-25 is prepared using an adamantane quaternary ammonium ion as a template.

Abstract: Nitrogenous compounds especially bases such as ammonia vapor are used to control the operation of a hydrocracker or catalytic dewaxer. Catalyst activity and selectivity may be controlled by addition of the base to the feed, for example, to control the balance between isomerization and hydrocracking in an operation using a zeolite beta catalyst. Runaway conditions may be controlled by the addition of nitrogenous compounds to regulate the temperature profile within the reactor.

Abstract: A method of recovering catalyst material from latent catalyst material solids includes: a) combining latent catalyst material solids with a liquid acid anolyte solution and a redox material which is soluble in the acid anolyte solution to form a mixture; b) electrochemically oxidizing the redox material within the mixture into a dissolved oxidant, the oxidant having a potential for oxidation which is effectively higher than that of the latent catalyst material; c) reacting the oxidant with the latent catalyst material to oxidize the latent catalyst material into at least one oxidized catalyst species which is soluble within the mixture and to reduce the oxidant back into dissolved redox material; and d) recovering catalyst material from the oxidized catalyst species of the mixture.

Abstract: A catalyst for producing styrene-based polymers, containing (A) a titanium compound, (B) a contact product of an organoaluminum compound and water, and (C) an organic polyhydroxy compound, or (A) a titanium compound and (B) a contact product of an organoaluminum compound, water and a organic polyhydroxy compound, and a process for producing styrene-based polymers by the use of the above catalyst.

Abstract: Catalyst based on silica and sulfuric acid and its use in the catalytic alkylation of isobutane and/or isopentane in the presence of at least one olefin having 3 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule. The catalyst may contain an additive, e.g., B(OH).sub.3, HBF.sub.4, H.sub.3 PO.sub.4, FSO.sub.3 H, CF.sub.3 SO.sub.3 H, SbF.sub.5, CF.sub.3 COOH and SO.sub.3.

Abstract: A process is described for carrying out the dehydrogenation or hydrogenation, including hydrogenolysis, of a hydrocarbon in the presence of one or more soluble fullerene catalysts which have been dissolved in the hydrocarbon (when the hydrocarbon is a liquid capable of dissolving the fullerene catalyst) or dissolved in a solvent which is also a solvent for the hydrocarbon (when the hydrocarbon either is not a liquid or is not a liquid which is a solvent for the fullerene catalyst). The use of a liquid catalyst, i.e., a dissolved fullerene catalyst, inhibits coking reactions to thereby inhibit formation of coke on a solid catalyst or catalyst support by elimination of nucleation points or growth regions for such coke formation.

Abstract: A fiber treating agent which is a silicone modified polyester in which a polyester has a polyoganosiloxane grafted thereto. The grafted polyester is the reaction product of an allyl ether containing polyester and a polyorganosiloxane wherein at least one of the silicon atoms of the polyorganosiloxane has a hydrogen atom attached thereto. Preferably, the hydrogen atom is attached to one terminal end of the polyorganosiloxane. The reaction product is modified by reacting the reaction product with a polycarboxylic anhydride, and the amine salt of the modified reaction product may be formed by reacting the modified reaction product with an aminoalkylalkoxysilane. Methods of treating fibrous materials are also described.