Abstract: A method and apparatus for implanting radioactive gas in a base material which comprises the steps of conducting radioactive gas received in a reservoir to an ion source for ionization; accelerating said ionized radioactive gas into a high energy form; and implanting said high energy radioactive ion beam in a foil made of, for example, stainless steel, aluminium or copper and received in an ion implantation unit.

Abstract: To counteract charge particle beam divergence, magnetic field-generating means are positioned along the edges of a charged particle beam to be controlled, such as to deflect and redirect particles tending to diverge from a desired beam direction. By selective arrangement of the magnetic field-generating means, the entire beam may be deflected and guided into different directions.

Abstract: A device for analysing a surface layer by means of ion scattering. The device comprises an energy selector having two coaxial cylindrical electrodes. A primary mono-energetic ion beam impinges upon the surface layer and its axis coincides with the axis of the cylindrical electrodes. Back-scattered ions, the paths of which lie on a conical surface having an apical angle of 180.degree. reduced with the scattering angle, are selected for energy and detected.

Abstract: A scanning transmission electron microscope includes means for irradiating with a finely focussed electron beam a sample to be observed within an evacuated chamber, means for scanning the surface of said sample with said electron beam, means for transducing an image of electron beam passed through said sample into an image formed by the light beam, light transmission means for transmitting said light beam image to the outside of said evacuated chamber, light interrupting means adapted to allow a selected part of said light beam image to pass while interrupting the other part of said image and light detecting means adapted to detect said part of said light beam which is allowed by said interrupting means to pass.

Abstract: The method consists in subjecting a sample of insulating material to photon radiation and in measuring the energy of the photoelectrons emitted by the sample under the action of the radiation. The sample is fixed on a metal sample-holder having a shape such that a portion of this latter is subjected to radiation. The emission of electrons of low energy is thus initiated and the positive charges which appear at the surface of the samples with the emitted electrons are neutralized by creating in the vicinity of the sample surface a space zone in which the electric field is substantially zero.

Abstract: The passage of foreign objects such as bullets or stones through a gas turbine engine compressor is observed by directing beams of x-radiation through the engine, receiving the beams on fluorescent screens, to form fluorescent images, intensifying the fluorescent images by respective image intensifiers and recording the intensified images with respective high speed cine cameras.

Abstract: A gamma irradiation plant for the irradiation of objects or materials comprises irradiation equipment, buildings and storage facilities. The objects or materials are irradiated on tiered columnar racks, besides being stored on racks before and after the irradiation treatment, transported to and from the racks as well as transferred from tier to tier by one or more goods handling appliances. The tiered columnar racks are arranged to rotate about their own vertical axes while being carried by a rotating carrier in a circular path around a radiation source in the middle. One or more shielding elements are attached to the rotating carrier in a position offset from the path of the rays emitted by the radiation source and from the axis of rotation of the tiered columnar racks, said shielding elements being so contrived that attenuation by them of the rays becomes greater with increasing distance from the path of the rays.