Abstract: A hybridization detecting unit which includes a reaction region in which hybridization takes place, a plurality of sites (e.g., the surface of electrodes) arranged in the reaction region to which is fixed a nucleic acid for detection, and means for sequentially moving by dielectrophoresis the target nucleic acid introduced into the reaction region according to the order of arrangement of the sites to which is fixed a nucleic acid for detection. A sensor chip provided with the hybridization detecting unit. The detecting unit compulsorily moves the target nucleic acid into the region where a probe nucleic acid for detection exists, thereby increasing the probability of hybridization taking place.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a biochip and a biomolecular detection system using the same. In particular, the biomolecular detection system is capable of detecting biological molecules (biomolecules) such as DNA or protein at a high speed. The biochip comprises a supporting structure, conductive materials aligned vertically on, and associated with, the supporting structure, and biomolecule probes operably linked to the conductive materials. The biomolecular detection system using the biochip may precisely detect biomolecules as well as the density of the biomolecules.

Abstract: A system for performing molecular biological diagnosis, analysis and multistep and multiplex reactions utilizes a selfaddressable, selfassembling microelectronic system for actively carrying out controlled reactions in microscopic formats. The device includes a power supply and waveform generator adapted to supply a DC bias and superimposed AC signal to the system through an interface to the array of microlocations.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a biochip and a biochip manufactured by the method are provided. In the biochip manufacturing method, a star-like polyethylene glycol derivative having an epoxy group at its terminal is reacted with a low molecular weight hydrophilic polymer to form a matrix, and a probe is covalently bound to the matrix and immobilized on a solid substrate. The biochip has a 3-dimensional structure where it spatially protrudes from its surface and improved chip sensitivity. In addition, the biochip can be conveniently and efficiently manufactured using an aqueous solution at low costs.

Abstract: Featured are devices and systems embodying one or more electrically-addressable-solid-state nanopores useful for sensing and/or characterizing single macromolecules as well as sequencing DNA or RNA. In one aspect of the present invention, there is featured a linear or 2-D electrically-addressable array of nanopores, where the nanopores are located at points of intersections between V-shaped grooves formed in an upper surface of the insulating member and a V-shaped groove formed in a lower surface of the insulating member. In another aspect of the present invention the solid-state nanopore of the present invention the width and/or length of the nanopore is defined or established by sharp edges of cleaved crystals that are maintained in fixed relation during the formation of the insulating member including the nanopore.

Abstract: An autonomous genosensor apparatus and methods for use are provided for the field detection and analysis of ambient chemical, biochemical, biologic, biogenetic, and radiologic materials under field conditions in fluid or gaseous environments, such as marine or aquatic environments or industrial processes. Autonomous genosensors provide integral, self contained units which automatically extract environmental samples, prepare those samples for analytical studies, analyze those samples using studies such as DNA or biomarker analysis, and store or transmit the data produced to a remote computer or computer network. Autonomous genosensors may be used as freestanding units, or may be networked and controlled through a remote computer network.

Abstract: Microarrays of polypeptides on a solid support are provided. The microarray compositions find use in the multiplexed detection and quantitation of ligands, e.g. antigens or antibodies, in a miniaturized format. The substrate is used for detecting binding of ligands to a plurality of polypeptides for screening and diagnostic purposes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the manipulation of colloidal particles and biomolecules at the interface between an insulating electrode such as silicon oxide and an electrolyte solution. Light-controlled electrokinetic assembly of particles near surfaces relies on the combination of three functional elements: the AC electric field-induced assembly of planar aggregates; the patterning of the electrolyte/silicon oxide/silicon interface to exert spatial control over the assembly process; and the real-time control of the assembly process via external illumination. The present invention provides a set of fundamental operations enabling interactive control over the creation and placement of planar arrays of several types of particles and biomolecules and the manipulation of array shape and size. The present invention enables sample preparation and handling for diagnostic assays and biochemical analysis in an array format, and the functional integration of these operations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for implementing non-destructive quality control of substrates and printed biological microarrays. A method and apparatus are provided for implementing quality control of gel-based microarrays prepared by dispensing a gel-forming composition on a solid substrate. The method utilizes the difference between the wettability properties of a supporting substrate and a gel, where the gel is hydrophilic. Condensation of vapor of a chemically inert water-soluble liquid, such as water or glycerol, on the surface of a substrate under inspection creates a layer of tiny droplets that affect both transmission and scattering of light on the surface. A pattern of condensation, characterized by spatial distribution, average size of the droplets and spacing between the droplets, reflects variation in wetting properties of the substrate. The pattern of condensation circumscribes printed microarray features to be non-destructively imaged and analyzed.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for generating mixtures of product molecules from an initial chemical array are provided. In the subject methods, a chemical array of surface immobilized first moieties is subjected to cleavage conditions such that a composition of solution phase first moieties is produced. The resultant composition of solution phase first moieties is then contacted with one or more reactants to produce a mixture of product molecules that are different from the first moieties. Also provided are the arrays employed in the subject methods and kits for practicing the subject methods.

Abstract: Nucleic acid molecules in a stabilized solution such as single stranded DNA and RNA were able to disperse high concentration of bundled carbon nanotubes into aqueous solution.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for handling biological samples. Segments of ionic liquid can provide voltage across segments of immiscible liquid to concentrate or separate charged species in the biological samples. Reactants in biological samples can be contacted and reacted in segments of immiscible liquid.

Abstract: Long oligonucleotide arrays, as well as methods for their preparation and use in hybridization assays, are provided. The subject arrays are characterized in that at least a portion of the probes of the array, and usually all of the probes of the array, are long oligonucleotides, e.g. oligonucleotides having a length of from about 50 to 120 nt. Each long oligonucleotide probe on the array is preferably chosen to exhibit substantially the same high target binding efficiency and substantially the same low non-specific binding under conditions in which the array is employed. The subject arrays find use in a number of different applications, e.g. differential gene expression analysis.

Abstract: Methods and devices for producing a nucleic acid arrays using in situ nucleic acid array synthesis protocols are provided. A feature of certain embodiments of the invention is that control probes are produced in collections of features, e.g., columns, of the arrays that have been selected according to a particular efficient control probe feature/column selection protocol. A feature of certain other embodiments of the invention is that an “all-bases-all-layers” probe set is produced in at least one of column of the arrays. Also provided are devices configured for use in the subject methods, as well as arrays produced using the subject methods and devices as well as methods for using such arrays.

Abstract: A method, apparatus for executing the method, and computer program products for use in such an apparatus. The method includes scanning an interrogating light across multiple sites on an array package including an addressable array of multiple features of different moieties, which scanned sites include multiple array features. Signals from respective scanned sites emitted in response to the interrogating light are detected. The interrogating light power is altered for a first site on the array package during the array scan, based on location of the first site or on a determination that the emitted signal from the first site will be outside a predetermined value absent the altering (which allows for protecting a detector against expected overly bright sites), or is altered during the array scan based on the detected interrogating light power (which allows for compensating for light source drift during an array scan).

Abstract: Techniques are described for the detection of multiple target species in real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction). For example, a system comprises a data acquisition device and a detection device coupled to the data acquisition device. The detection device includes a rotating disk having a plurality of process chambers having a plurality of species that emit fluorescent light at different wavelengths. The device further includes a plurality of removable optical modules. Each of the removable optical modules is optically configured to excite the species and capture fluorescent light emitted by the species at different wavelengths. A fiber optic bundle coupled to the plurality of removable optical modules conveys the fluorescent light from the optical modules to a single detector.

Abstract: A rapid method for the separation of nanoparticles having as few as one ligand attached thereto has been developed. The method relies on the size exclusion separation of a population of nanoparticle-ligand complexes having a narrow uniform size distribution. Ligands are typically biopolymers, functionalized to bind to other nanoparticles for the construction of geometric nanostructures.

Abstract: A method of mass-producing minute structures such as biochips, protein chips, quantum dots, and quantum chips involves arranging an antigen two-dimensionally on a board and arranging probes two-dimensionally facing the same direction so that the binding sites of the probes may bind to the antigen. An inorganic substance such as Ni is deposited on the board from the upper side of the probes by sputtering or evaporation to form a thin film layer and on the top surface of the flatly formed thin film layer, a supporting layer is formed by separating out the same inorganic substance using electrotyping. Then, by peeling the thin film layer and the supporting layer off of the board together, the mother stamper having cavities for the patterns of biomolecules is obtained.

Abstract: Nucleic acid molecules in a stabilized solution such as single stranded DNA and RNA were able to disperse high concentration of bundled carbon nanotubes into aqueous solution.

Abstract: When the genetic analysis is performed by using a DNA microarray, the inspection accuracy is improved. A sample solution is supplied onto a base plate to prepare the DNA microarray comprising a large number of spots based on the sample solution arranged on the base plate. In the microarray, the planar configuration of the spot is substantially circular, and a plurality of spots having different spot sizes are formed on the base plate.