Abstract: Disclosed herein is a magnetic apparatus comprising: a magnetic circuit including magnetic yoke and a magnet, with a magnetic gap formed in the circuit for forming a uniform d.c. bias magnetic field in the magnetic gap; a magnetic device made of magnetic material of certain composition and placed in the magnetic gap so that the device operates in the d.c. bias magnetic field; and a soft magnetic plate provided in the magnetic gas, the soft magnetic plate being made of magnetic material having composition substantially identical to the composition of the magnetic device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a broadband variable attenuator comprising a two- or three-section transmission line with a separate PIN diode bridging each of the two gaps between the adjacent ends of the transmission line sections. The two PIN diodes are disposed in series opposition and the first, second and third transmission line sections are connected to a diode variable biasing source to cause (a) substantially a total reflection of an input signal to the attenuator for a bias below a first value, (b) substantially a total transmission of an input signal through the diodes for a bias above a second value, and (c) a selected amount of both partial reflection and partial transmission of an input signal for a bias value between the first and second values. The broadband variable attenuator can be implemented using microstrip, stripline or coaxial technology without the need of d-c isolation capacitors or applique resistors while providing a maximum insertion loss under zero bias conditions.

Abstract: A microwave ring hybrid on a dielectric carrier substrate is provided with connecting arms designed in microstrip technique. The ring of the hybrid comprises a slit line made in a conductive layer on the side of the carrier substrate opposite that on which the strip conductors of the microstrip lines for the connecting arms are disposed.

Abstract: A capacitor is charged to a high voltage, and then is discharged through a circuit comprising an analytical spark gap and first and second inductive elements, whereby the discharge current is oscillatory. The waveform of the discharge current is modified by a diode rectifier shunted across the series combination of the analytical spark gap and the second inductive element. To provide for adjustment of the waveform over a wide range, the second inductive element is adjustable in inductance. The first inductive element is also preferably adjustable in inductance. Provision may also be made for changing the capacitance of the capacitor. A reversing switch makes it possible to reverse the polarity of the diode rectifier. One or more control spark gaps may be connected in series with the analytical spark gap. An electronic switching device may be connected across one of the control spark gaps to initiate the discharge of the capacitor.