Abstract: A hierarchical image coding device includes a base layer coding section, an arithmetic coding section, a coding residual value occurrence probability calculation section and a multiplexer. The base layer coding section encodes an input video signal and thereby generates a base layer bit-stream. At the same time, the base layer coding section also outputs coding residual values and quantization information. The coding residual value occurrence probability calculation section calculates and outputs occurrence probability of each possible value of each of the coding residual values, based on the quantization information outputted by the base layer coding section and statistical values (concerning values before quantization) which have preliminarily been stored therein. The arithmetic coding section executes arithmetic coding to the coding residual values based on the coding residual value occurrence probabilities outputted by the coding residual value occurrence probability calculation section.