Abstract: The density of chlorine dioxide gas in a wet acid atmosphere may be continuously monitored with a photometer energized by a constant voltage incandescent light source illuminating a 0.5 inch thickness, continuous flow sample spaced between quartz glass windows. The emergent light is filtered to pass approximately 4400 Angstrom wavelength light to a selenium photocell. Photocell power output measuring means is calibrated to correspond with chlorine dioxide gas density. The concentration strength of an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide is continuously monitored with a similar photometer having a 0.125 inch sample space between windows and a 4600 Angstrom filter for the emergent light.

Abstract: A light retroreflective system essentially of the kind described in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,981,557, comprising a primary focusing transparent body having elliptical sections in planes perpendicular to a rotary symmetry axis of such body, and an equatorial zone about such axis, the system being noted by having a multilayer of complemental reflective means comprising microspheres concentrated on said equatorial zone. There also described a method for producing said system and including rotarily mixing bodies of such geometrical configuration together with an amount of microspheres less than that necessary for forming monolayers all about the entire surfaces of said bodies.

Abstract: An instrument for the individual viewing of pictures disposed successively on a transparent film strip, with a housing in which a binocular viewing window and a lens system enlarging the viewing angle and located in the ray path between viewing window and object are provided, and with holding and guiding means holding the film strip in a viewing plane, wherein the beam paths or optical axes associated with the two viewing windows are brought together approximately in the center of a common picture aperture lying in the viewing plane, and wherein the film strip guiding and holding means has a back support which supports the film strip during the positive and/or frictional engagement of an externally operable mechanical transport device with the film.

Abstract: Apparatus for searching a large field of view to detect a modulated optical signal source utilizing an optical detector having a field of view capability less than the total field of view sought to be searched. A constant drive motor is coupled to a geneva five slot single pin mechanism which is fixed to a drum rotably mounted to a housing. A detector and associated focusing optics are positioned at the bottom of the housing with a housing window positioned on one side of the housing. Five reflective surfaces are positioned around the circumference of the drum so that the geneva mechanism intermittently rotates the drum to sequentially position each reflective surface to reflect optical energy passing through the housing window to the detector apparatus. The reflective surfaces are positioned at the varying angles around the drum so that different segments of the total field of view sought to be searched are sequentially interrogated.

Abstract: In a device wherein a scanning beam from a light source is deflected by a light deflector, especially a rotatable polygonal mirror or a vibratory mirror and focused by an optical element such as a lens or the like to optically scan a surface to be scanned, thereby effecting writing and display of information, a synchronizing signal generator includes an optical system for taking out part of the scanning beam as a synchronizing beam for providing synchronism of signals in scanning. In this device, a diffraction element such as a diffraction grating or the like serving as a beam splitter for splitting the deflected beam to obtain the synchronizing beam is disposed within the deviation range of the deflected beam, and the diffracted beam exiting from the diffraction element is directed to a photodetector so as to provide a synchronizing signal. In this device, the use of the diffraction element as the beam splitter permits a wide area of the scanning beam to be split by a relatively thin member.

Abstract: A forward-oblique viewing optical system for endoscopes comprising an observing-direction changing prism which has a surface for refracting rays from an object to be observed and is arranged in front of an objective, said optical system as a whole thereby being made compact.

Abstract: A self-stabilizing optical scanner system comprising a multi-faceted mirror includes a plurality of large and small facets formed on or attached to a gyro rotor, which rotor is adapted for being gimbal mounted, such that as each facet is rotated through the optical path of an energy receiving lens system, a detector is optically scanned across a field of view along a first dimension. In one embodiment, each mirror facet is inclined at a different angle to the rotor spin axis such that as the rotor revolves a two-dimensional pattern is scanned; and in a second embodiment a driven mirror is disposed in the optical path of the received energy so as to provide scanning along the second dimension.

Abstract: A light reflective signaling and warning device shaped and arranged relative to an encompassing reference sphere so that light directed toward the signaling and warning device from any area on the reference sphere is reflected toward the same area, self-articulated to intensify light reflection therefrom, color coded to indicate the disposition of the signaling and warning device relative to a source of light, and restorably deformable under the temporary application of excessive force thereto, widely useful in diverse different applications.

Abstract: A system is provided for scanning a laser beam across the width of fabric material to be inspected. A scanning mirror receives coherent light from the beam and is mounted to repeatedly swing through a given scan angle. An optical arrangement of mirrors in side-by-side relationship receives the light beam from the scanning mirror and directs it in successive side-by-side parallel directions or channels towards the fabric to irradiate successive areas of the fabric across its width. A de-scanning mirror is mounted to repeatedly swing through the same given scan angle in synchronism with the scanning mirror and a second optical arrangement of mirrors in alignment with the first mentioned mirrors receives the beam after passing through successive areas of the fabric and directs it to the de-scanning mirror. The beam reflected from the de-scanning mirror in turn can then be analyzed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus in the form of a holder for hard mounting an optical member to a rigid base in order to maintain the relative spatial alignment of the assembly in the presence of differential thermal expansion of the elements of the assembly. The apparatus or holder comprises a tubular member terminating at one end with a base for attachment to the mounting structure for the assembly, while at its opposite end the holder has flange portions for engaging the optical member. The longitudinally extending portion of the holder comprises thin wall, spring finger members which are disposed to establish bilateral symmetry in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the holder, which bilateral symmetry assures the maintenance of the spatial alignment of the members of the assembly. The optical member is hard mounted to the flange of the assembly by a suitable rigid epoxy.

Abstract: The laminate includes a partially cured, flexible acrylic face sheet having a primer layer on one surface thereof bonded to a binder layer having a layer of reflective glass beads embedded therein and protruding therefrom and a sealer layer on the exposed surfaces of the glass beads, the laminate being completed with a spacer layer bonded to the sealer layer and having a reflective mirror-like thin metal coating on the outer surface thereof. The binder layer, sealer layer and spacer layer, or films are all made from basically the same uncured polyvinyl butyral material. The method of forming the acrylic face layer, the use of soft rubber pressure rolls in bonding a glass bead carrying partial laminate to a preformed spacer film, and the method of making the laminate of the invention and the compositions used therein.

Abstract: A reflecting device providing a flashing reflection of light incident on the device toward an intended observer includes a converging Fresnel lens for receiving light directed onto the device and for focusing the light within the focal plane of the lens, through which plane a reflector is periodically moved to intermittently reflect the light. In one embodiment, the reflector is positioned to retroreflect the light back through the lens toward an observer positioned adjacent the source of light. In another embodiment, the reflector is positioned to reflect light transmitted through a first Fresnel lens toward another Fresnel lens so as to be visible by an observer of the other lens.

Abstract: The measurement and reference photocells of an optical detector for a smokestack are disposed adjacent each other on one side of the stack. The measurement photocell and its light-accepting window are disposed on the opposite side of the stack from the light source and the reference photocell has its light-accepting window disposed closely adjacent the light source. A light conducting conduit extends through or around the smokestack within a casing which shields and conducts the light directly emitted from the light source to the reference photocell. Purging air flows within the casing and outwardly through the windows to prevent soot from collecting on them, and the windows are shielded by perforated covers which equalize the flow of air over their entire area and maximize velocities for a given air flow. Wire mesh screens of rounded wire generate a Coanda effect around their outer contours which helps prevent soot from settling within the openings.

Abstract: There is described an optical system suitable for use on highway pavements or marking indicia for ensuring nighttime visibility, and consisting of a transparent sphere, a transparent layer of a binding medium having a refractive index different from that of the sphere, and partially surrounding said sphere, and a plurality of reflective part-spherical surfaces about such medium. The system has an optical transition zone between said sphere and said binding medium, consisting of a transparent layer of finite thickness wherein the index of refraction progressively varies from a value equal to that of the sphere, at locations adjacent to the sphere, to a value equal to that of said medium, at locations adjacent to the layer of said medium, whereby the refractive deviation of the light rays from the media (sphere and binding medium) having different refractive indexes occurs through said intermediate layer in form of a progressively curved path.

Abstract: A safety reflector device for a bicycle includes a shaft member secured to a bicycle in an upright position adjacent the side of a wheel. A reflective member is mounted for free rotation on the shaft adjacent the side of the wheel. The device includes a wheel engaging member, preferably the reflective member itself, which engages the wheel. Rotation of the bicycle wheel thus is caused to induce rotation of the reflector. In one embodiment, the wheel engaging member engages the tire and in another embodiment, it engages the wheel spokes. Various reflective members may be used and may include highly visible flickering or moving effects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a linear image forming apparatus. Said apparatus includes a beam generator for generating a light beam, a filter provided with a plurality of slits to irradiate the light beam from said beam generator to pass it therethrough in a rectangular form, whose width determines the length of the linear image formed by the beam which has passed through said slit, and a converging optical system for irradiating the beam passed through the plural slits of said filter and converge the irradiated beam for making one linear image.

Abstract: A rotary safety reflector for mounting on the exhaust pipe of a motor vehicle, comprising a rotatable shaft, means for rotatably mounting the shaft in spaced relation from the outlet of the exhaust pipe such that the axis of the shaft is substantially transverse to the direction of the exhaust flowpath, first and second rearwardly facing reflecting surfaces fixedly mounted at each end of the shaft substantially outboard of the exhaust flowpath, and a fluid motor fixedly mounted on the shaft intermediate the reflecting surfaces and in alignment with the outlet of the exhaust pipe such that the exhaust flow acts upon the fluid motor to cause rotation of the shaft about its axis.

Abstract: A mechanical oscillator for swinging an optical or other load element back and forth with a substantially constant amplitude. The oscillator is constituted by an erect torsion rod sustained in torsional vibration at its natural frequency by a drive motor energized by drive signals supplied by an external drive generator. The load element is secured to the free end of the rod, and in order to maintain the desired swing amplitude, a fixed pick-up coil is associated with an armature attached to the rod adjacent the free end thereof. Induced in the coil is a control signal whose frequency corresponds to the swing frequency and whose amplitude is proportional to the amplitude thereof. This control signal is applied to a controller adapted to so vary the output of said generator as to maintain a substantially constant swing amplitude.

Abstract: A light-reflective attachment to the spokes of a cycle wheel, formed for lug attachment where adjacent spokes cross relatively near the hub; to reflect light principally in the direction the wheel travels, and alternatively additionally at right angles thereto.

Abstract: A reflective moulding including a transparent or translucent outer covering portion having a first convex face through which light may enter and be reflected and a second face on the side opposite the first face. The moulding further includes two flexible elements, one of which is adapted to shine in daylight and the other of which is adapted to shine in artificial light. A first one of the elements is perforated and is positioned between the second face and the other second one of the elements so that the second element may receive and reflect light transmitted through the covering portion and the perforations in the first element.