Abstract: A system and method of hindering an undesirable transmission or receipt of electronic messages within a network of users includes the steps of determining that transmission or receipt of at least one specific electronic message is undesirable; automatically extracting detection data that permits detection of the at least one specific electronic message or variants thereof; scanning one or more inbound and/or outbound messages from at least one user for the presence of the at least one specific electronic message or variants thereof; and taking appropriate action, responsive to the scanning step.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for automatically backing up a Home Agent in Mobile IP. The method employs important components of the widely-used Hot Standby Router Protocol, but extends it to include synchronization of the mobility binding table between an active Home Agent and a standby Home Agent that backs it up. Also disclosed is a more general protocol for extending HSRP and related redundancy protocols to synchronize higher level functions other than mobility binding lists in Mobile IP (e.g., address translation tables in Network Address Translation (NAT), address bindings in Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) servers, dynamic ACL in Reflexive Access List, and TCP and GTP layer context in GPRS support nodes: SGSN & GGSN). Still other protocols that could benefit from HSRP include Lock and Key, Context-Based Access List, IP Security (IPSec), and H.323 gatekeeper.