Abstract: A catalyst composition is provided which can be used for hydrogenating a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon such as an alkyne or a diolefin. The catalyst composition contains palladium, a catalyst component of either silver or an alkali metal compound, or both silver and an alkali metal compound, and a metal aluminate catalyst support. Such metal aluminate catalyst support is prepared by a process of incorporating alumina with a metal component, preferably impregnating alumina with a melted metal component, to thereby provide a metal-incorporated alumina followed by drying and high temperature calcining to thereby provide a metal aluminate catalyst support. The catalyst composition disclosed can be used for hydrogenating a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to a less unsaturated hydrocarbon. The process involves contacting a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon with a catalyst composition in the presence of hydrogen under a hydrogenation condition sufficient to effect a hydrogenation of the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: There is provided a substantially binder-free catalytic molecular sieve which has been modified by being ex situ selectivated with a silicon compound. The ex situ selectivation involves exposing the molecular sieve to at least two silicon impregnation sequences, each sequence comprising an impregnation with a silicon compound followed by calcination. The catalyst may be used in a hydrocarbon conversion process, such as toluene disproportionation.

Abstract: Hydrogenation of a liquid cut containing hydrocarbons, in particular unsaturated molecules containing at least two double bonds or at least one triple bond, is described wherein the unsaturated molecules are at least partially hydrogenated to less unsaturated molecules containing at least one double bond, in at least one reactor comprising at least two distinct beds of at least one hydrogenation catalyst, and wherein a gas phase containing hydrogen is introduced, a portion thereof being mixed with said cut upstream of the first catalyst bed and a portion thereof being introduced upstream of the subsequent beds contained in said reactor.

Abstract: A process for making a lube base stock wherein an olefinic feedstock is separated into a light olefin fraction and a medium olefin fraction. The light olefin fraction is contacted with a first oligomerization catalyst in a first oligomerization zone to produce a first product. Both the medium olefin fraction and the first product are contacted with a second oligomerization catalyst in a second oligomerization zone to produce a second product. The second product is separated into a light byproduct fraction and a heavy product fraction that includes hydrocarbons in the lube base stock range.

Abstract: A process for the thermocatalytic conversion of waste organic materials (e.g., waste tires) into reusable hydrocarbons is provided. The process entails providing the feedstock and catalyst comprising AlCl3 to a heated, stirred reactor. An overhead portion of vaporized hydrocarbons as well as vaporized AlCl3 is initially removed from the reactor via a discharge port. The composition of the removed hydrocarbons will vary depending on which of three modes the process is run: low reactor pressure, partial vacuum, and high pressures. Vaporized AlCl3 and a certain fraction of the hydrocarbons are subsequently removed via condensation and returned to the reactor. The composition of the condensed hydrocarbon fraction is controlled based on vapor pressure. The remaining vaporized hydrocarbon is recovered for subsequent uses. A reactor discharge portion is also removed from the reactor. This portion may contain unreacted feedstock and catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a combination of compounds and a process using such combination useful for reducing or preventing coke formation in thermal cracking furnaces such as ethylene steam crackers.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of a synthetic naphtha fuel suitable for use in compression ignition (CI) engines, the process including at least the steps of hydrotreating at least a fraction of a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis reaction product of CO and H2, or a derivative thereof, hydrocracking at least a fraction of the FT synthesis product or a derivative thereof, and fractionating the process products to obtain a desired synthetic naphtha fuel characteristic. The invention also provides a synthetic naphtha fuel made by the process as well as a fuel composition and a Cloud Point depressant for a diesel containing fuel composition, said fuel composition and said depressant including the synthetic naphtha of the invention.

Abstract: A supported hydrogenation catalyst composition is disclosed which comprises palladium, an inorganic support such as alumina, and a selectivity enhancer selected from the group consisting of silver, phosphorus, sulfur, and combinations of two or more thereof. Also disclosed is a selective hydrogenation process in which highly unsaturated hydrocarbons such as diolefins and/or alkynes are hydrogenated with hydrogen to less unsaturated hydrocarbons such as monoolefins.

Abstract: This invention is directed to middle distillate production (e.g., diesel and kerosene products) by means of a reactor hydroprocessing system using two or more reactors (or a single reactor vessel having two or more stages, each stage containing one or more reaction zones). Hydrocracking is preferably performed in the initial reactor, and hydrotreating (and/or further hydrocracking) is preferably performed in the subsequent reactor vessel or stages within a single vessel. Reaction stages are effectively segregated to avoid recracking of products, to dramatically reduce hydrogen consumption in saturating the bottoms product and to carry out aromatic saturation of middle distillates in a clean low-temperature environment.

Abstract: An on-line method of synthesizing or regenerating catalysts for autothermal oxidation processes, specifically, the oxidation of paraffinic hydrocarbons, for example, ethane, propane, and naphtha, to olefins, for example, ethylene and propylene. The catalyst comprises a Group 8B metal, for example, a platinum group metal and, optionally, a promoter, such as tin, antimony, or copper, on a support, preferably a monolith support. On-line synthesis or regeneration involves co-feeding a volatile Group 8B metal compound and/or a volatile promoter compound with the paraffinic hydrocarbon and oxygen into the oxidation reactor under ignition or autothermal conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of steam reforming a hydrocarbon over a spinel-containing catalyst at short residence times or short contact times. The present invention also provides spinel-containing catalysts. Surprisingly superior results and properties obtained in methods and catalysts of the present invention are also described.

Abstract: A improved hydrocarbon conversion process, comprising applying a plating, cladding, paint or other coating to at least a portion of a hydrocarbon conversion reactor system which is used to convert hydrocarbons to products in the presence of steam, said coating being effective to reduce the amount of undesirable by-products in said process; and operating the hydrocarbon conversion process at a steam to hydrocarbon ratio that is lower than the steam to hydrocarbon ratio at which said process was operated prior to applying said coating. Preferred hydrocarbon conversion process includes steam cracking of hydrocarbons to produce ethylene and dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a liquid petroleum or chemical stream wherein said feedstream flows countercurrent to the flow of a treat gas, such as a hydrogen-containing gas, in at least one reaction zone. The feedstream is treated so that it is substantially free of particulate matter and foulant precursors.

Abstract: A base oil feed having a tendency to form a haze at ambient or sub-ambient temperatures is contacted with a solid adsorbent to remove at least a portion of the haze precursors, thereby reducing the haze-forming tendency of the base oil feed.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl monomers are disclosed. Combinations of nitroxyl compounds and aliphatic amines are effective at inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl monomers under both processing and storage conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a trickle valve positioned at the lower end of a vertical dipleg of a gas-solids separator comprising a pair of co-operable clamshell doors arranged in such a manner that mutual opposite swinging movement between a closed position wherein the doors adjoin along a midline, and an open position wherein the doors swing outwardly around a horizontal axis of rotation, is possible, and wherein either clamshell door is provided with means to press the doors together towards a closed position and at least one clamshell door is provided with an opening.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for converting a feed containing oxygenates to olefins and comprises the following steps: providing a feed including an oxygenate; contacting the feed in a reactor apparatus with a catalyst including a molecular sieve, the contacting taking place under conditions effective to convert the oxygenate to a product including a light olefin, the conditions including a gas superficial velocity of at least two meters per second at least one point in the reaction zone; and recirculating a first portion of the catalyst to recontact the feed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for reforming hydrocarbons comprising contacting the hydrocarbons with a catalyst in a reactor system of improved resistance to carburization and metal dusting under conditions of low sulfur.

Abstract: The formation of coke on metal surfaces exposed to hydrocarbons in a thermal cracking process is reduced by ion implantation of selected antifoulants into such metal surfaces; the antifoulants being chosen from a group of primary elements consisting of aluminum, silicon, and chromium, or combinations thereof, and a group of secondary elements consisting of calcium, lithium, potassium, magnesium, cesium, hafnium, yttrium and zirconium, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A waste rubber treatment process and appartus therefor for vaporizing rubber and separating the vaporized rubber into its usable components. The waste rubber treatment process and appartus therefor includes heating a quantity of rubber in an atmosphere at a negative pressure and at a temperature between 340 Celsius and 510 degrees Celsius such that the rubber is vaporized and defines a vaporized rubber. The vaporized rubber has a plurality of hydrocarbon constituents therein. A venturi separator sprays the vaporized rubber with oil having a boiling temperature greater than 175 degrees Celsius. The oil binds to heavy oil in the hydrocarbon constituents. A remaining portion of the vaporized rubber is condensed such that light oils in the hydrocarbon constituents liquefy and are separated from hydrocarbon gases.