Abstract: The dilute clay-containing slimes waste, formed in the hydraulic mining of phosphate mineral, is flocculated by mixing with an aqueous extract of fertile topsoil or with fertile topsoil which is the uppermost two feet or more of overburden that contains at least 200 parts per million of organic matter extractable by water. Water is recovered from the flocculated mixture. The dewatered floc is preferably disposed at a land reclamation site and covered with overburden to restore the original stable soil profile, i.e. an upper layer of soil with good drainage and a lower layer having poor drainage.