Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is chloride, fluoride, bromide, iodide or alkoxy, and R is alkyl, arylalkyl, or phenyl which compounds are intermediates in the preparation of 3,6-bis(carboethoxyamino)-2,5-diaziridinyl-1,4-benzoquinone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing aromatic urethane, an aromatic mononitro-compound, an aromatic primary amine, and carbon monoxide being reacted using a catalyst containing a platinum group metal-containing compound as a major constituent to prepare N,N'-di-substituted urea. The resultant N,N'-di-substituted urea is reacted with a hydroxyl group-containing organic compound to prepare an aromatic primary amine and aromatic urethane, and the aromatic primary amine is separated to obtain aromatic urethane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl ether by dehydration of hydroquinone using sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid as catalysts at elevated temperatures. The dehydration product is stirred with an excess of water at 80.degree. to 110.degree. C. The higher condensed byproducts which are undissolved during this are separated off, and the ether desired is allowed to crystallize out of the filtrate obtained.

Abstract: Alkyl esters of .alpha.,.beta.-monoolefinically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids are prepared by esterifying the monocarboxylic acid with an alcohol of 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the presence of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the reaction mixture, of a strong acid and in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor and an oxygen-containing gas, at from 80.degree. to 150.degree. C., by a process in which the molar ratio of the monocarboxylic acid to the alcohol is from 1:0.8 to 1:1.2, and the water of reaction is separated off from the reaction mixture while passing an inert gas containing from 1 to 20% by volume of oxygen through the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing benzaldehyde by fractionally steam distilling benzaldehyde from cinnamaldehyde in the presence of hydroxide catalyst and at a pH on the order of about 11 to about 13. Conversions of cinnamaldehyde to benzaldehyde can be achieved on the order of about 75% or more.

Abstract: 1,3-Di(alkoxycarbonylamino)propanes of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 can be identical or different and each is hydrogen, or an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic radical, and R.sup.4 is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic radical, are prepared by reacting an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde with a carbamic acid ester by reacting in a first stage as the .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde a compound of the general formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the abovementioned meanings, with a carbamic acid ester of the general formula III ##STR3## where R.sup.4 has the abovementioned meanings, at 0.degree.-150.degree. C. to give a 1,1,3-tri(alkoxycarbonylamino)propane of the general formua IV ##STR4## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 have the abovementioned meanings, and in a second stage heating the compound of the general formula (IV) in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and hydrogen under 1-300 bar at 100.

Abstract: A 2-(substituted aryl)propionaldehyde of the formula, ##STR1## (wherein Ar denotes ##STR2## is produced in high yield by reacting a methyl (substituted aryl) ketone of the formula ##STR3## with phenyldimethylsulfonium methylsulfate of the formula, ##STR4## in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide to obtain a reaction mixture containing 2-(substituted aryl)1,2-epoxypropane of the formula, ##STR5## and thioanisole, and subjecting the reaction mixture to contact with anhydrous MgCl.sub.2. The propionaldehyde compound is also produced in high yield by contacting the epoxypropane compound with anhydrous MgCl.sub.2 in the presence of a soft nucleophile such as a sulfide, a thiol and a phosphine.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to roll-on perfume compositions containing polyoxybutylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymers having an internal polyoxybutylene hydrophobe and external polyoxyethylene hydrophiles.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds containing a difluoromethylene or trifluoromethyl group. A compound containing a carbonyl group, preferbly an acid, acid halide, amide, ketone or any compound containing a perhaloalkylcarbonyl moiety is placed, in anhydrous liquid hydrofluoric acid, in contact with boron trifluoride in a quantity such that the absolute pressure of boron trifluoride in the reaction system is at least one bar for a time sufficient to convert the carbonyl group to a difluormethylene or trifluoromethyl group.The compounds obtained are useful as synthesis intermediates in the pharmaceutical, plant-protection and dye industries, as anesthetics or as heat-transfer and lubricating fluids.

Abstract: Described is a genus of norbornylbutadiene-acrolein adducts defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein one of X.sub.1 or X.sub.2 represents carboxaldehyde and the other of X.sub.1 or X.sub.2 represents hydrogen; wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together represent vinyl or ethylidene and R.sub.3 represents hydrogen or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 taken together completes a cyclopenteno moiety and R.sub.1 represents hydrogen and uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of consumable materials selected from the group consisting of perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles (e.g., perfumed polymers, solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, fabric softener compositions, dryer-added fabric softener articles, hair preparations, hair sprays, bath preparations and the like).

Abstract: The invention relates to non-ionic surface-active agents which correspond to the formula ##STR1## in which R denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical containing 4 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 denotes (1) a, preferably linear, alkyl radical, (2) a linear or branched alkoxymethyl radical or (3) an alkenyloxymethyl radical, the alkyl or alkenyl parts of these radicals containing from 4 to 20 carbon atoms,and Z denotes a polyether linkage corresponding to the formula ##STR2## in which n denotes an average statistical value of 2 to 20 and A denotes (a) the group OH,(b) the group ##STR3## in which u denotes 0 or 1, or (c) the group ##STR4## in which u dentoes 0 or 1, the radicals R and R.sub.1 containing a total of 12 to 38 carbon atoms, as well as to the derivatives of the above compounds which result from the reaction of ethylene oxide or glycidol with the OH groups.

Abstract: A liquid composition, suitable for use in an air freshener, comprising a vessel for the composition, an emanating surface and a wick for supplying the liquid to the emanating surface, contains 20 to 70% water, 8 to 30% perfume and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and is substantially free of surface active agent. The compositions show an improved, steady rate of emanation of the perfume.

Abstract: A process for the transesterification of urethanes comprises reacting a urethane with an alcohol at elevated temperature in the presence of a Lewis base containing catalyst.The process is particularly useful when the alcohol used is a polyol since the product of the transesterification is a polyurethane. Since urethanes can be generated from amines and organic carbonates using the methods of the prior art, the present invention provides processes for the manufacture of polyurethanes from amines which avoid the use of either phosgene or isocyanates both of which are extremely toxic.

Abstract: New compounds having the formula 1 ##STR1## wherein W is hydrogen, halogen, n-alkyl, --NHCOR.sup.1, --COR.sup.1, or phenoxyacetylamino optionally substituted by one or two C.sub.1-12 straight- or branched chain alkyl, X is a substituent in the coupling position and is selected from hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, --SR.sup.11 or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic residue attached at a ring nitrogen atom, and Y is a group having the formula 2 ##STR2## wherein Q is selected from the residues: --COOR.sup.4 or --CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5, --OM, --NR.sup.7 R.sup.8, --PO(OR.sup.9)[O].sub.x R.sup.10 with X=0 or 1, --SO.sub.2 OH, --SO.sub.2 NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 or CN. The groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, M, k and n are defined hereinafter.These compounds are used as black color couplers in photographic materials.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the cosynthesis of ethylene glycol and dimethyl carbonate by reacting methanol and ethylene carbonate in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of zirconium, titanium and tin.

Abstract: An azulene derivative capable of exerting a hypocholesterolemic effect on a mammal which is represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl groups and C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkenyl groups.

Abstract: 4-Substituted phenyl crotyl ether derivative is disclosed, which is a novel nematic liquid crystal compound having a comparatively high N-I point and which, when preparing a practically usable mixed liquid crystal having an N-I point higher than 65.degree. C. by mixing this compound with at least one other liquid crystal compound, can minimize the increase range of the viscosity of the resulting mixed liquid crystal.

Abstract: Alkylarylethers are produced according to the invention using phenols and ethers of aliphatic alcohols as the starting materials, in the presence of BPO.sub.4.

Abstract: p-Alkoxycyclohexylalkanols and their esters of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 -alkyl, in particular tert.-butyl, or is cyclohexyl, R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, in particular methyl or ethyl, and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, acetyl, propionyl or butyryl, and scent compositions containing these compounds I and processes for their preparation. The novel compounds have fine woody or sandalwood notes and can be used as scents and as components of scent compositions.

Abstract: A spent lignin fermented waste-liquor solution containing vanillin is treated to remove the vanillin by contacting it with a suitable large pore zeolite.