Abstract: In some embodiments, a method may include reducing the microbial load in contaminated water of water recycle loops. These water recycling loops may include pulp and paper mills, cooling towers and water loops, evaporation ponds, feedstock processing systems and/or non-potable water systems. The methods may include providing a peracetate oxidant solution. The peracetate solution may include peracetate anions and a peracid. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution may include a pH from about pH 10 to about pH 12. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution has a molar ratio of peracetate anions to peracid ranging from about 60:1 to about 6000:1. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution has a molar ratio of peracetate to hydrogen peroxide of greater than about 16:1. The peracetate solution may provide bleaching, sanitizing and/or disinfection of contaminated water and surfaces. The peracetate oxidant solution may provide enhanced separation of microbes from contaminated water.

Abstract: A sedimentation plate, a sedimentation assembly, and a sedimentation module are provided. The sedimentation plate includes a flat plate; a plurality of first rib plates arranged at intervals, parallel to each other, and perpendicular to a first surface of the flat plate; and a plurality of second rib plates arranged at intervals, parallel to each other, and perpendicular to a second surface of the flat plate. The first rib plates are perpendicular to the second rib plates. A water channel is formed between each two adjacent first rib plates. A mud channel is formed between each two adjacent second rib plates. The sedimentation assembly includes a plurality of sedimentation plates. The sedimentation module includes the sedimentation assembly.

Abstract: A method for preparing a nanofiltration membrane and a nanofiltration membrane prepared therefrom, the method comprising the following steps: dissolving a polymer in a solvent to prepare a polymer solution, and curing the polymer solution on a support material to form a base membrane; sequentially applying a first liquid-phase solution and a second liquid-phase solution on the base membrane to form a nascent membrane; densifying the nascent membrane by using a solution that contains an alkaline substance; processing the densified nascent membrane by using a solution that contains an acidic substance; and obtaining the nanofiltration membrane after post-processing and drying.

Abstract: In a water treatment system, a pretreatment chemical is added to water stream in a pretreatment process including a coagulation, flocculation and separation to reduce amount of dissolved and/or particulate matter in the water stream. Hydrophobic conditions in the water stream are monitored upstream or downstream from adding the pretreatment chemicals. Dosing of the pretreatment chemical to the water stream is controlled based on the monitored hydrophobic conditions. Thereby a membrane fouling in subsequent membrane filtration stage can be minimized.

Abstract: A water processing system provides prevention of scale formation in both interrupted and recirculating flow operations. The system includes an inlet for receiving an inlet water flow, a magnetizing chamber, and an outlet for providing an outlet water flow. The magnetizing chamber is included in a device that has at least one permanent rod/bar magnet at least partially disposed within the water flow. The magnet has an axis extending between the poles thereof in a direction perpendicular to the flow, so that the magnetizing chamber exerts a magnetic force on scale suspended within the inlet water flow, and so that the suspended scale remains in suspension in the outlet water flow.

Abstract: A plunging liquid jet reactor and water treatment system is provided including a supply water tank. A downcomer within the supply water tank defines a hollow column having an upper end and open lower end. Supply water is pumped to a nozzle on the upper end of the downcomer. The nozzle generates a liquid jet downward in the hollow column. A filter having at least one semi-permeable membrane surrounds the downcomer. A collection tray is mounted between the filter and the supply tank for collecting treated water pushed upward between the filter and the downcomer. A pressure difference between supply water surrounding the filter and water within the filter causes water molecules to pass through the semi-permeable membrane and form treated water which is gathered on the collection tray. Depending on the filter medium and number of stages, the system may be employed in water desalination, microfiltration, nanofiltration, and/or ultrafiltration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing N-acyl amino acids selected from N-acyl cysteine compounds, N-acyl serine compounds, N-acyl aspartic acid compounds and N-acyl glutamic acid compounds. The present invention also relates to the use of N-acyl cysteine, N-acyl serine, N-acyl aspartic acid and N-acyl glutamic acid surfactants, in removing per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from mixtures containing PFASs, such as soil and groundwater contaminated with PFASs and for use in cleaning compositions, detergent compositions and toothpaste compositions.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a system for disinfecting a fluid. The system can comprise: a cylindrically-shaped outer electrode defining an internal cavity: a center electrode positioned within the internal cavity, the center electrode extending along at least a portion of a longitudinal axis of the outer electrode: an inlet positioned proximate a first end of the outer electrode and configured to allow a fluid to pass from an area external to the internal cavity into the internal cavity; and an outlet positioned proximate a second end of the outer electrode and configured to allow the fluid to pass from the internal cavity into an area external to the internal cavity. The outer electrode and the center electrode can comprise at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, and zinc.

Abstract: A separation device for a fluid purification device is provided, the separation device comprising: at least three concentric enclosures including an outermost enclosure and an innermost enclosure and defining at least two concentric cavities; a plurality of spiral-shaped channels formed in each of the at least two concentric cavities, so that fluid can flow through said plurality of spiral-shaped channels; a fluid inlet, for receiving fluid, located in an upper section of an outermost cavity among the at least two concentric cavities, the fluid inlet corresponding to a gas outlet; a solids outlet, for discharging solids comprised in the fluid, located in a lower section of the separation device; and a liquid outlet, for discharging liquid comprised in the fluid, located in an upper section of at least one inner cavity among the at least two concentric cavities.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for extracting desired chemical species including, without limitation, lithium, specific lithium species, and/or other chemical compounds from input flows in a modular unit. The input flows may be raw materials in which lithium metal and/or lithium species are dissolved and/or extracted. The apparatuses and methods may include daisy chain flow through separate tanks, a column array, and/or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A pure-water production device including: a first reverse osmosis membrane device to which water to be treated is supplied; a second reverse osmosis membrane device to which permeated water from the first reverse osmosis membrane device is supplied; an electrodeionization device to which permeated water from the second reverse osmosis membrane device is supplied; a brine tank to which concentrated water from the first reverse osmosis membrane device is supplied; and a third reverse osmosis membrane device connected to the brine tank, wherein the second reverse osmosis membrane device is a high-pressure reverse osmosis membrane device, the brine tank is supplied with at least one concentrated water selected from the group consisting of concentrated water from the second reverse osmosis membrane device and concentrated water from the electrodeionization device, wherein permeated water from the third reverse osmosis membrane device is supplied to water to be treated, is used.

Abstract: Porous liquid-filtering membranes having a repeatable distribution of pores of a small dimension are provided, as well as pillar templates that are used to produce such liquid filtering membranes. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the pillar templates to make porous liquid filtering membranes.

Abstract: The present invention relates in part to a filter comprising a tubular housing having a proximal end, a distal end and a housing lumen therethrough; a tubular membrane having a proximal end, a distal end and a membrane lumen therethrough, wherein the tubular membrane is positioned within the housing lumen; a contaminated fluid sample inlet fluidly connected to the proximal end of the membrane, and a contaminated fluid sample outlet fluidly connected to the distal end of the membrane, thereby creating a sample flow-path from the sample inlet through the membrane lumen to the sample outlet; and a purification material inlet fluidly connected to a distal region of the housing lumen, and a purification material outlet fluidly connected to a proximal region of the housing lumen, thereby creating a purification material flow-path from the purification material inlet through the housing lumen to the purification material outlet; wherein the direction of the sample flow-path is in the opposite direction of the purifi

Abstract: A filtering device is used for obtaining a chemical liquid by purifying a liquid to be purified and includes an inlet portion, an outlet portion, a filter A, at least one filter B different from the filter A, and a flow path that includes the filter A and the filter B arranged in series and extends from the inlet portion to the outlet portion. The filter A has a porous membrane made of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene and a resin layer disposed to cover at least a portion of the surface of the porous membrane, and the resin layer includes a resin having a neutral group or an ion exchange group.

Abstract: A fluid device includes: a flow path through which a fluid flows; and an ultrasonic wave transmitter configured to transmit an ultrasonic wave to generate a standing wave to the fluid in the flow path along a first direction orthogonal to a flowing direction of the fluid. The ultrasonic wave transmitter is in contact with the fluid and faces an antinode region corresponding to any antinode in the standing wave.

Abstract: A hybrid electro-pressure driven method for the recovery, purification, and concentration of lithium salts is described. A fractionating electrodialysis stack equipped with selective ion exchange membranes is s used to separate a lithium containing brine into a monovalent enriched fraction and a divalent enriched fraction. The monovalent enriched fraction is further processed to remove remaining impurities by use of pressure driven nanofiltration. An optional concentrating electrodialysis device may further concentrate the monovalent enriched fraction in lithium content. The method may be combined with a subsequent solvent extraction and electrolysis step to produce lithium hydroxide, a Li+ selective sorbent step for producing purified lithium chloride, or a Li+ selective sorbent and precipitative step to produce lithium carbonate.

Abstract: A method for controlling a hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane system with controllable power consumption, including the following steps. A filtration flow rate is determined by the program control system according to preset working conditions and the electricity price and the inlet water temperature obtained by a first monitoring module when the hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane assembly is started to perform a filtration process. The inlet water pressure change and the permeability change are monitored and recorded by a second monitoring module during the filtration process. A flushing mode and a flushing intensity of the cleaning system are determined by the program control system according to the inlet water pressure change and the permeability change during the filtration when the filtration process is completed.

Abstract: A reverse osmosis arrangement is described, the first chamber (5) having a first port (7) and a second port (8) and the second chamber (6) being connected to a permeate outlet (9), wherein the first port (7) is connected to a first pump (13). Such a reverse osmosis arrangement should be operated with high efficiency. To this end the second port (8) is connected to a second pump (14).

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for protecting an electrode of a chlorinator. The method computes a conductivity parameter Fx of the chlorinator and determines whether the working status or the working water environment of the chlorinator is abnormal according to the change of a parameter value of the conductivity parameter Fx, and then the chlorinator executes a protection action according to a determination result to effectively ensure the timeliness for the chlorinator to execute the protection action and reduce the probability of damage of the chlorinator, so as to improve the service life of the chlorinator. The invention also discloses different methods for determining whether the working status or the working water environment of the parameter value is abnormal based on the conductivity parameter Fx, and an apparatus for protecting an electrode of a chlorinator.

Abstract: A submerged offshore reverse osmosis desalination apparatus and method uses desalinated product water from the apparatus and an onshore cooler or heat exchanger to provide or improve the cooling of an onshore Rankine Cycle heat engine.