Abstract: A cyclone sand separator includes a cyclone body having an inlet, a fluid outlet, and a solids outlet. The inlet is configured to receive a mixed fluid including a solids portion and a fluids portion. The solids outlet is configured to receive the solids portion separated from the fluids portion. The fluid outlet is configured to receive the fluids portion separated from the solids portion. The cyclone sand separator also includes a plurality of inlet inserts having different geometries. The inlet inserts are each configured to be positioned at least partially in the inlet. The inlet inserts are rigid and configured to be fixed in place at least partially in the inlet, such that the inlet inserts do not move with respect to the inlet. The cyclone sand separator also includes a flange configured to be coupled to the selected inlet insert.

Abstract: A sea water intake system comprising a main sea water intake pipe, one end of the sea water intake pipe being provided with a centrifugal chamber, the chamber having at least one tangential inlet for entry of sea water to cause rotation of the sea water in the chamber. The other end of the intake pipe terminates in a sump, the sump having a water level lower than that of sea level and having a pump to transport sea water from the sump through a delivery pipe to a treatment plant. A central region of the centrifugal chamber is in fluid communication with a substantially vertical airlift pipe having an air inlet at, or close, to the chamber and a water exit remote from the chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite semipermeable membrane including: a support membrane; and a separation functional layer provided on the support membrane, in which the separation functional layer comprises a plurality of protrusions formed of a thin membrane, and at least a part of the plurality of protrusions has a ratio (Wa/Wb) of larger than 1.3 in cross sections at arbitrary ten positions each having a length of 2.0 ?m in a membrane surface direction of the support membrane, provided that Wa is a maximum width of the protrusion and Wb is a root width of the protrusion.

Abstract: Methods for preparation of a carbon membrane include providing a solution comprising a diacetyl biphenyl monomer and an alkylsulfonic acid. The solution is treated under such conditions that an aldol condensation reaction occurs so as to produce a porous polymer network. The porous polymer network is treated under such conditions that a Scholl reaction occurs.

Abstract: A system for processing a feed includes a membrane system configured to receive the feed and produce a concentrate and a permeate, wherein the membrane system includes an active cooling system, a passive cooling system, or a combination thereof. Further, the system includes a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the membrane system and disposed upstream of the membrane system, such that the feed enters the heat exchanger prior to entering the membrane system, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to cool the feed and heat the concentrate by transferring heat from the feed to the concentrate.

Abstract: The reverse osmosis centrifuge converts rotational energy into fluid velocity and conserves the energy placed into the concentrate. As concentrate travels back towards the center of the reverse osmosis centrifuge, the velocity of the fluid is converted into rotational force, thus conserving energy. To accomplish this, the reverse osmosis centrifuge includes a stationary cylindrical housing having a vacuum chamber and a vacuum pump for generating vacuum pressure in the vacuum chamber, a driveshaft coupled to a membrane cylinder rotatable within the stationary cylindrical housing, the membrane cylinder having a plurality of vertical desalination membranes, and an energy recovery turbine. The reverse osmosis centrifuge can be placed on the concentrate or waste stream outlet of a desalination or reverse osmosis facility to increase freshwater production. Through using the methods described above, plant water production can be increased up to 40%, which in turn has a dramatic effect on plant profitability.

Abstract: A membrane filter for submerged operation for filtering a liquid, the membrane filter including membrane units and a gas distribution system for distributing a gas to the membrane units and flushing the membrane units, wherein each of the membrane units includes a respective gas inlet opening and at least one membrane element, the at least one membrane element including membranes for filtering a liquid permeate from the liquid, a permeate collection cavity connected to permeate sides of the membranes, and a permeate outlet configured to drain the permeate from the permeate collection cavity, the gas distribution system including exactly one gas outlet for each of the membrane units, the exactly one gas outlet configured to exhaust the gas from the gas distribution system into a respective gas inlet opening of each of the membrane units.

Abstract: The present invention deals with a method for obtaining membranes in the form of hollow fibers with application in the field of carbon dioxide removal from natural gas. The aforementioned membranes are obtained by means of heat treatment of polymeric membranes. In this method, polymeric membranes are obtained by a phase-inversion technique by immersion-precipitation and are subsequently subjected to a heat treatment, that is, that the membranes effectively become precursor membranes of the heat treatment. The heat treatment process involves the optimization of the heating rate, temperature, and stabilization time variables, aiming at the improvement of the transport properties of the polymeric membranes. After the heat treatment, it becomes possible to use the membranes in separation processes of gases which operate at pressures greater than 30 bar, with selectivity for carbon dioxide (CO2).

Abstract: A liquid treatment system and methods for removing contaminants from a liquid flow is disclosed. The treatment system having a treatment zone, a nanobubble diffuser system and a skimmer cassette assembly configured to remove the nanobubble and contaminant agglomeration from the liquid flow. The nanobubble diffuser system configured to diffuse negatively charged nanobubbles into the liquid flow whereby the nanobubbles adhere to positively charged contaminants and the nanobubble and contaminant agglomeration is urged to float towards a surface of the liquid flow in the treatment zone and be removed by the skimmer cassette assembly. In some embodiments, larger bubble diffuse systems are provided to increase the rise rate of contaminants. In some embodiments, the treatment system is a floating vessel. In some embodiments, the treatment system is configured to remove microplastics down to a size of about 1 mm and less.

Abstract: A method for purifying an organic solvent has a first treatment of bringing an organic solvent to be treated into contact with an H-type cation exchanger, and a second treatment of bringing a treated liquid from the first treatment into contact with an anion exchanger and an H-type strongly acidic cation exchanger. According to the present application, the provided method and an apparatus for purifying an organic solvent remove metal impurities of both metal species of monovalent and polyvalent metals in the organic solvent.

Abstract: A filtration device can be configured to form filter cakes and filtrate by filtering solid particulates from a slurry. Some embodiments of the filtration device can utilize a mechanism that is configured to separate the formed filter cake from a disc sector for subsequent processing of the solid particulates of the filter cake and/or the formed filtrate. Embodiments of the filter device and/or mechanisms of the filter device as well as methods of making and using the same can help provide improvements in operational efficiency for processing operations in which solids are to be filtered from a slurry.

Abstract: A bi-layered superhydrophobic membrane includes top and base layers formed from polypropylene. The bi-layered superhydrophobic membrane can have a thickness ranging from about 100 ?m to about 1 mm. When subjected to oil-water emulsion separations, the superhydrophobic membrane can achieve an organic solvent flux of 14,000 Lm?2h?1 with a 96% water rejection. The bi-layered superhydrophobic membrane can be effectively used for water filtration, providing both selectivity and permeability, while offering an eco-friendly solution for reuse of polypropylene plastic waste.

Abstract: The disclosure includes embodiments of systems and methods for removing moisture from an electric power transformer. According to an embodiment, a moisture removal system includes a pump to move oil from the transformer into the system; one or more incoming oil moisture and temperature sensors to detect a first moisture level and temperature of oil; a processor to receive the moisture and temperature and determine an estimated paper moisture value of the insulation of the transformer, and compare the estimate to a target paper moisture value; and an overdry prevention bypass valve positioned in a first position to divert oil without drying when the estimated paper moisture value is equal to or less than the target value, and in a second position to channel oil through one or more drying cylinders when the estimated paper moisture value exceeds the target value.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for purifying the following fullerene derivative represented by formula (1) that is advantageous in production costs.

Abstract: A method of activating and dewatering sludge through application of acoustic pressure shock waves to wastewater.

Abstract: A composite comprises a carbonaceous and a metallic nanotube conjugated with a carbonaceous support. The composite may be used to remove contaminants from water.

Abstract: A high salinity feed water such as seawater is treated to produce a reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate and an RO permeate. Optionally, some or all of the RO concentrate may be filtered to produce a nanofiltration (NF) permeate. Optionally, some feed water can also be filtered to produce NF permeate without first being concentrated by RO treatment. The NF permeate, or a blend of the RO permeate and NF permeate, may be used to produce a product water for injection into an oil-bearing reservoir to enhance oil recovery. Optionally, the product water may have salinity greater than the feedwater, or at least 30 g/L. The product water may have hardness of less than 20 mg/L.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method of reducing contamination from plastics. The resulting purer plastic can be used in demanding applications.

Abstract: A method for advanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in sewage treatment includes the following steps: feeding raw water and return sludge into a pre-denitrification zone for denitrification; allowing a sludge-containing mixed liquor discharged from the pre-denitrification zone to enter an anaerobic zone to undergo a biological phosphorus removal reaction; allowing a sludge-containing mixed liquor discharged from the anaerobic zone and a return nitrification liquid to enter an anoxic zone for denitrification; allowing a sludge-containing mixed liquor discharged from the anoxic zone to enter an aerobic zone for nitrification and excessive phosphorus uptake, and allowing part of a nitrification liquid to be returned to the anoxic zone; allowing a sludge-containing mixed liquor discharged from the aerobic zone to enter a sedimentation zone for separation; passing a resulting supernatant through a biological filtration zone; returning part of resulting sludge to the pre-denitrification zone; and the like.

Abstract: A bioreactor has a cover, a container body, a sealing portion, a driving portion and a liquid guide portion. A ventilation structure and a bacteria-retaining sealing breathable structure provided in the cover, a cleaning liquid inlet portion penetrates the bottom of the driving portion, and a liquid inlet portion and a liquid outlet portion of the liquid guide portion are arranged penetrating a sidewall of the container body. The driving portion drives, by means of elastic deformation, a liquid to be replaced or a cleaning liquid to move up and down, such that the liquid to be replaced can enter the container body only through a gas-liquid channel, so as to subsequently prevent damage to hepatic cells due to a carrier bearing a shearing force, and enable the liquid to be replaced to gain full contact with the carrier. Further provided is a bioreaction system.