Abstract: A light receiving circuit of a laser range finder comprises a photo-sensitive element, a conversion resistance amplifying loop, a main amplification loop, and a one shot circuit. The photo-sensitive element converts a light signal into a current signal. The conversion resistance amplifying loop is connected with the photo-sensitive element for converting the current signal into a voltage signal. The main amplification loop is connected with the conversion resistance amplifying loop for amplifying the voltage signal. The one shot loop is connected with the main amplification loop for shaping the voltage signal into a digital signal by which the range-finding computation is accomplished by the laser range finder.

Abstract: A method is described for detecting the distance between a measuring device comprising a transmitter and a receiver and an object, in which a modulated light signal is emitted by the transmitter in the direction of the object, the light signal reflected at the object is received by the receiver and is converted into a reflection signal, and the distance between the measuring device and the object is determined from the light transit time of the light signal received. In addition to the light signal reflected at the object, at least a part of the light signal emitted is received as a reference light signal by a receiver without reflection at the object and is converted into a reference signal. Subsequently the phase shift between the reflection signal and the reference signal is determined for the determination of the light transit time. Moreover, a distance measuring device working in accordance with the method of the invention is described.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, methods, devices, and apparatus to interrogate a clothed individual with electromagnetic radiation to determine one or more body measurements at least partially covered by the individual's clothing. The invention further includes techniques to interrogate an object with electromagnetic radiation in the millimeter and/or microwave range to provide a volumetric representation of the object. This representation can be used to display images and/or determine dimensional information concerning the object.

Abstract: A device and process for measuring distances and/or speeds between a motor vehicle and several objects, like mobile targets and fixed targets, has an FMCW radar system, where the motor vehicle transmits a signal, whose transmitting frequency is modulated with at least two frequency ramps. A device detects the receiving signals from the objects and determines the respective straight lines and the intersecting points of these straight lines in a speed-distance diagram. A sorting device sorts out the intersecting points from fixed targets and the related straight lines. A device outputs the distances and/or the speeds, which correspond to the other intersecting points.

Abstract: A rangefinder apparatus with an optoelectronic arrangement for determining a height profile of an object. The apparatus has a transmitter that emits light rays, a deflection unit that deflects the transmitted light rays and guides them over the surface of an object to be measured, and a receiver that receives light rays reflected from the object. The deflection unit includes a transmitting optic arranged downstream of the transmitter and an actuator which moves the transmitting optic to periodically deflect the transmitted light. A receiving optic is arranged in front of the receiver at a distance from the transmitting optic so that the beam axis of the transmitting light rays penetrates the transmitting optic and the beam axis of the received light rays that penetrate the receiving optic extend at a distance to each other.

Abstract: A surveying instrument includes a sighting telescope for sighting an object; an optical distance meter which includes a light-transmitting optical system for transmitting a measuring light toward the object via the sighting telescope, a light-receiving optical system for receiving light reflected by the object, and a light-receiving element which receives the measuring light reflected by the object and received by the light-receiving optical system; and a light shield mask positioned on an optical axis between the eyepiece and the light-receiving element to cut off incoming rays from the eyepiece.

Abstract: An electronic distance meter includes a sighting telescope having an objective lens for sighting an object; a reflection member positioned behind the objective lens; an optical distance meter which includes a light-transmitting optical system for transmitting a measuring light via the reflection member and the objective lens, and a light-receiving optical system for receiving a portion of the measuring light which is reflected by the object, passed through the objective lens and not obstructed by the reflection member; a focus detecting device which detects a focus state from a correlation between a pair of images respectively formed by two light bundles which are respectively passed through two different pupil areas on the objective lens; and at least one optical element, positioned outside the two different pupil areas, to deflect the portion of the measuring light toward an optical axis of the light-receiving optical system.

Abstract: A real time multiple simulated targets generator for mono pulse radar, applied to a simulation control system of a radar system, having at least one signal processor, in which a real time multiple targets generator is built inside. The real time multiple target generator has a precision timing generator to generate a timing signal. Several PRN code generators receive the timing signal to generate the psendo random code. Several DMWG's which are connected to the PTG and the PRN code generators to generate the modulated waveforms. The extent target generators are coupled to the corresponding DMWG's to receive the modulated waveform signals and generate simulated target signals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for calibrating a smart-antenna array of a wireless access system using TDD, which antenna array comprises antenna elements with a transmit and a receive branch each. In order to enable a time stable calibration, it is proposed that at least some of the antenna elements are selected in turns to be employed for transmitting broadcast messages. This provides time periods in which only one of said elements is transmitting. Each transmit branch is connected to at least one of the receive branches of another element, signals transmitted via these connections being evaluated for calibration. If receive branches are connected to transmit branches of several elements, it is ensured with the proposed selection that during the broadcast periods these receive branches receive at the most a signal from one element, thus avoiding the need for switches. The invention equally relates to a corresponding radio transceiver unit and a corresponding calibration system.

Abstract: A distance measuring apparatus is disclosed, which measures the entire image of a target object by employing a light-section method within a short time, without assigning any specific feature to light beams having a beam form obtained by passing through slits. The apparatus comprises a device for simultaneously emitting such light beams; first and second image taking devices for taking an image obtained by light reflected by the target object, where the distance between the first image taking device and the beam emitting device is relatively short while the distance between the first image taking device and the beam emitting device is relatively long; a section for estimating the distance to the target object based on the image taken by the first image taking device; and a section for determining the distance based on the estimated result and on the image taken by the second image taking device.

Abstract: Collision avoidance systems are provided for groups of aircraft operating in close proximity, as during formation flights or cooperative missions. Fixed and rotary airfoil aircraft with separations of 30 feet to 5 miles, for example, participate in a local radio sub-net. An aircraft receiving CAS sub-net signals derives signal transit time values representing differences between send and receive times and which are used to derive data on inter-aircraft range and closing rate. With synchronized clocks, highly-accurate one-way ranging uses assigned time slots with predetermined sub-net time-of-day timing of transmissions. Round-trip ranging operates with less accurate time synchronization, and systems may operatively select between one-way and round-trip ranging. By exchange of range and closing rate data among aircraft, 3-D data for current three-dimensional location of aircraft enables evasive action determination.

Abstract: An autofocus distance-measuring optical system includes a sighting telescope having an objective lens for sighting an object; an optical distance meter which includes a light-transmitting optical system for transmitting a measuring light via the, and a light-receiving optical system for receiving light reflected by the object; a focus detecting device for detecting a focus state of the sighting telescope; and a controller for controlling the sighting telescope to automatically focus on the object in accordance with the focus state detected by the focus detecting device. The focus detecting device is a phase-difference detection type which detects an in-focus state from a pair of images respectively formed by two light bundles which are passed through two different pupil areas. The two different pupil areas are positioned so as not to interfere with any optical elements of the optical distance meter.

Abstract: A system for visually pointing out locations on a three-dimensional structure such as an airframe of an aircraft includes a laser head that traverses an elongate track erected to pass through or adjacent to the structure. The laser head is traversed and stopped at various positions along the track, and from each position the laser head is calibrated by directing the laser beam onto three or more reference locations on the structure whose nominal coordinates are known in a reference coordinate system such as used in a CAD-CAM definition of the structure. The laser head is operable to determine in its own internal coordinate system the direction of the laser bean to each reference location and the distance to the reference location, and from this information a calibration is determined for relating measurements made by the laser head to the reference coordinate system.

Abstract: A system for detecting a predictable time varying signal within a noisy environment. Rather than merely comparing the output of a matched filter implementation to a threshold, a parallel reference is also generated by autocorrelating the weighting function from the matched filter. The original output and this reference are both acted upon by a mathematical operator and the two then compared for closeness of fit using a Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test, a Mean Square Error Test, or some other test for closeness of fit. A value indicates the closeness of the two curves and is then compared to a threshold to determine whether the signal of interest is present or not.

Abstract: A method for eliminating signals from false targets in a secondary surveillance radar system includes the steps of obtaining plots of radar data for the same target. The range from the radar system to the targets is determined, and the target plot having smallest range of all target plots that indicate reflection of radar signals from the same target is accepted as being a real target. Other target data is rejected as being from a radar reflector. The coordinates of radar reflectors may be stored in a database to form a map of reflectors in the vicinity of the radar.

Abstract: A system (16) for tracking a missile (22) in flight, the missile (22) having an optical beacon generator (32) that outputs a modulated signal (26) having a predetermined frequency, including an optical system (50, 52, 54) for transmitting image data along an optical path (68) onto an array of detectors (55), such that each detector in the array (55) receives substantially simultaneously the image data from the optical system (50, 52, 54). The system (16) further includes means for processing (46) the image data transmitted onto the array of detectors (55) in order to locate the optical beacon (32).

Abstract: A surveying instrument includes a distance-measuring optical system having an objective lens via which a distance from the surveying instrument to an object is measured; and an optical distance meter which includes a reflection member positioned behind the objective lens, a light-transmitting optical system for transmitting a measuring light toward the object via the reflection member and the objective lens, and a light-receiving optical system for receiving a portion of the measuring light which is reflected by the object, subsequently passed through the objective lens, and not interrupted by the reflection member. The light-receiving optical system includes a plurality of light-guiding optical systems, so that the measuring light which is reflected by the object is selectively incident on an end of one of the plurality of light-guiding optical systems in accordance with the distance from the surveying instrument to the object.

Abstract: An optical probe for analyzing a sample illuminated by a laser includes an input optical fiber operably connectable to the laser where the input optical fiber has an entrance end and an exit end. The probe also includes a first beam splitter where the first beam splitter is adapted to transmit an alignment portion of a light beam from the input fiber exit end and to reflect a homodyning portion of the light beam from the input fiber. The probe also includes a lens between the input fiber exit end and the first beam splitter and a first and a second output optical fiber, each having an entrance end and an exit end, each exit end being operably connectable to respective optical detectors. The probe also includes a second beam splitter which is adapted to reflect at least a portion of the reflected homodyning portion into the output fiber entrance ends and to transmit light from the laser scattered by the sample into the entrance ends.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating an electromagnetic environment in which the free field, plane wave response of electronic systems of an electrically large (greater than several wavelengths in its longest dimension) object, or objects, under test can be measured in the electromagnetic radiating near field of the transmitter array apparatus. The apparatus comprises: (1) one or more transmitting station(s), each station home to an array of radiating elements; (2) a software operating system and computer that controls the electronic circuits of the apparatus and executes an optimizing algorithm based on a Genetic Algorithm to control the radiation of each transmitting station; and (3) mechanical and electrical circuits that enable the apparatus to conduct self calibration and adjustment as required. In operation, the apparatus is placed and distributed about an object under test.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) and method for selectively monitoring radar signals impinging on a vehicle is disclosed. The apparatus (10) comprises a speed determination circuit (20) that determines vehicle speed and provides a speed signal representative thereof to a comparator (22) that compares the speed signal to a preselected speed and provides an on signal when the vehicle speed exceeds the preselected speed and an off signal when the vehicle speed is at or below the preselected speed. When the comparator (22) provides the on signal, a radar detecting circuit (14) is powered to detect incoming radar signals and provide a radar detected signal to an alarm (18) that provides an alert in response to the radar detected signal. When the comparator (22) provides the off signal, the radar detecting circuit (14) is not powered and does not detect incoming radar signals.