Abstract: A continuous process for the recovery of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride gas by contacting an aqueous solution of an alkali metal fluoride in hydrofluoric acid with a sulfur-containing dehydrating stream. The dehydrating stream preferably consists of sulfur trioxide dissolved in sulfuric acid. The desired product is obtained in high yield and purity.

Abstract: A process for producing lithium hypochlorite comprises admixing an aqueous hypochlorous acid solution having a concentration of 35 percent of greater by weight of HOCl with an aqueous slurry of lithium hydroxide at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. to about 20.degree. C. to produce a solution of lithium hypochlorite. The solution is concentrated by evaporation at temperatures in the range of from about 30.degree. to about 60.degree. C. and at subatmospheric pressures to form a paste of lithium hypochlorite. After separating the paste into a cake of lithium hypochlorite and a mother liquor, a potassium compound is admixed with the mother liquor. The process produces a highly pure solid lithium hypochlorite product having a concentration of at least 80 percent available chlorine.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of chlorine and sodium sulphate which contains the steps of reacting sulphuric acid with sodium sulphate and ferric oxide or alumina, crystallizing and drying the resulting double salt trisodium-iron(III) sulphate or trisodium-aluminum sulphate and roasting the obtained trisodium-iron(III) sulphate or trisodium-aluminum sulphate with sodium chloride under the influence of oxygen thereby forming sodium sulphate, chlorine and ferric oxide or alumina.

Abstract: The preferred invention describes a process for the hydrogenation of organochlorine compounds and a neutralizing agent for hydrochloric acid which is obtained from organochlorine compounds.

Abstract: Morphologically improved, aggregated, monodispersed rare earth trifluoride particulates having a controlled and narrow grain size distribution, and a mean diameter of less than 1 .mu.m, are prepared by (i) reacting an aqueous solution of a rare earth salt with a solution of ammonium fluoride, (ii) separating the precipitate thus formed, and (iii) heat treating the separated precipitate.

Abstract: Continuous production of zirconium and/or hafnium metal from a fused salt bath in which one of the salts is zirconium and/or hafnium tetrachloride is carried out by feeding additional, make-up zirconium and/or hafnium tetrachloride powder into a zirconium and/or hafnium dissolution area of the bath maintained at a dissolution temperature below which the tetrachloride will vaporize, by circulating portions of the bath into and through a separate but contiguous area maintained at a temperature at which the tetrachloride will vaporize, and by recovering the vaporized tetrachloride. It is preferred that the vaporization area of the bath be wholly surrounded by and insulated from the dissolution area of the bath.

Abstract: Separation of hafnium tetrachloride from zirconium tetrachloride by introducing zirconium tetrachloride containing about 2-4 wt percent of hafnium tetrachloride into an electrolytic cell filled with a molten salt and dissolving it to make an electrolytic bath. Running first phase electrolysis which produces zirconium trichloride containing a lower hafnium content than the dissolved zirconium tetrachloride at the cathode. Running second phase electrolysis using the first cathode, but switching the first cathode to become an anode and using a second cathode. Producing zirconium trichloride of a lower hafnium content than the dissolved zirconium tetrachloride at the second cathode. Evolving a gaseous zirconium trichloride at the anode by electrolytic oxidation of the zirconium trichloride produced in the first phase electrolysis. Recovering this evolved zirconium tetrachloride which has a lower hafnium content than the dissolved zirconium tetrachloride and the zirconium trichloride produced at the cathodes.

Abstract: A method for enhancing generation of chlorine dioxide from an aqueous medium containing a chlorine dioxide precursor which comprises contacting the aqueous medium with a catalytic amount of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a transition metal, a transition metal oxide and mixtures thereof for a period of time effective to generate chlorine dioxide. The transition metals and transition metal oxides which may be employed as the catalyst to enhance the generation of chlorine dioxide are the transition metals of Group 5B, 6B, 7B and 8 of the Periodic Table of Elements.

Abstract: Clear and colorless solutions of basic aluminum chlorosulfates are prepared by reacting a slurry of calcium chloride and calcium carbonate with aluminum sulfate, separating calcium sulfate solids and a solution of basic aluminum chlorosulfate from the medium of reaction, and flocculating said solution of basic aluminum chlorosulfate with at least one nonionic or cationic polyelectrolyte flocculant.

Abstract: Provided is a process for preparing a gaseous stream of chlorine dioxide. The process comprises first providing an aqueous stream of chlorine dioxide. The chlorine dioxide stream can be provided, for example, by reacting an alkali metal chlorite such as sodium chlorite with an alkali metal hypochlorite such as sodium hypochlorite and an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, or by reacting chlorine gas and an alkali metal chlorite such as sodium chlorite. The resulting aqueous stream is then contacted in countercurrent fashion with a stream of inert gas or air, resulting in chlorine dioxide being stripped from the aqueous stream. A chlorine dioxide containing gaseous stream is then recovered, which is suitable for further use. The process thereby safely and efficiently generates a gaseous stream of chlorine dioxide for subsequent use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for production of chlorine dioxide by reacting in a reaction vessel an alkali metal chlorate, a mineral acid and methanol as a reducing agent in proportions to generate chlorine dioxide in a reaction medium maintained at a temperature from about 50.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and an acidity within the interval from a b out 2 to 4.8 N and subjected to a subatmospheric pressure sufficient to effect evaporation if water. A mixture of chlorine dioxide and water vapor is withdrawn from an evaporation region in the reaction vessel and an alkali metal salt of the mineral acid is precipitated in a crystallization region in the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A process for the removal of chlorine from reducing gases is provided wherein the reducing gases are contacted with cerium oxide. The chlorided cerium oxide is regenerated in an oxidizing atmosphere to provide cerium oxide. This cerium oxide regenerated is again capable of reacting with chlorine in reducing gases.

Abstract: Finely divided potassium chloride is removed from mixtures with polar, aprotic solvents, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, by combining the mixture with sufficient water to dissolve a significant portion, but not all of the potassium chloride present, removing the added water by distillation, and subsequently separating the larger crystals of the salt that form by filtration or centrifugation. The amount of water employed is in the same general range as the amount of polar, aprotic solvent present.

Abstract: A process of recovering chlorine from a stream of hydrocarbon chloride includes providing a first fluidized bed of a carrier catalyst cupric oxide in a first reaction zone within a first reactor; supplying hydrogen chloride in a first stream to that first zone for fluidizing the first bed and for exothermic reaction with cupric oxide in the bed to produce cupric chloride, water and heat, removing cupric chloride from that zone in a second stream, and removing water from that zone and removing heat from that zone; feeding the second stream to a second reaction zone within a second reactor, and providing a second fluidized bed of cupric chloride in the second reaction zone, and; supplying oxygen in a third stream to the second zone for fluidizing the second bed and for endothermic reaction with cupric chloride in the second bed at elevated temperatures between 300.degree. and 360.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydrogen fluoride that involves treating anhydrous hydrogen fluoride containing primarily trivalent arsenic impurities with an iodine compound capable of providing iodide ions (e.g., HI) so as to precipitate the arsenic (i.e., as AsI.sub.3) following by separation and recovery (e.g., by distillation or filtration) or purified anhydrous hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A powerful and stable color center laser is provided by additively colored NaCl:OH.sup.- crystals. The OH.sup.- impurity is the key dopant for creating color center lasing in NaCl, providing an output tunable over the 1.41 to 1.81 .mu.m region. In addition, modelocked pulses of 5 psec duration are available in a synchronously pumped arrangement, tunable from 1.47 to 1.73 .mu.m.

Abstract: A low temperature method of producing beryllium chloride dietherate through the addition of hydrogen chloride gas to a mixture of beryllium metal in ether in a reaction vessel is described. A reflux condenser provides an exit for hydrogen produced form the reaction. A distillation condenser later replaces the reflux condenser for purifying the resultant product.

Abstract: A method for recovering hydrobromic acid and methanol from a filtrate obtained by brominating bisphenol A in a methanol solvent and filtering off the resulting brominated bisphenol A, which comprises adding water to the filtrate, followed by distillation for purification.

Abstract: A process for producing chlorine dioxide by reacting in a reaction vessel an alkali metal chlorate, mineral acid and a reducing agent in such proportions that chlorine dioxide is produced in a reaction medium maintained at a temperature of from about 50.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and at an acidity within a range of from about 2 to about 11 N. The reaction medium is subjected to subatmospheric pressure sufficient for evaporating water, a mixture of chlorine dioxide and water vapor being withdrawn from an evaporation zone in the reaction vessel and alkali metal sulfate being precipitated in a crystallization zone in the reaction vessel. A mixture of formaldehyde and methanol is used as reducing agent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the separation of halogenated hydrocarbons from concentrated hydrochloric acid, which contains 10 to 37% by weight of hydrogen chloride. The hydrochloric acid is freed from the halogenated hydrocarbons in an extraction with paraffins having more than 7 carbon atoms, or with paraffin waxes having dropping points from 70.degree. to 160.degree. C. or with paraffin/paraffin wax mixtures, preferably in a continuous counterflow extraction or cross-flow extraction.