Abstract: A PHY for transmitting link frames on a home phone line network without the need of a MAC layer. The PHY transmits an initial link frame if the PHY has not transmitted a frame for a time interval, as specified by the Home Phoneline Networking Alliance. After transmission of the initial link frame, the transmit-clock signal to the MAC is disabled so that the MAC does not request the PHY to transmit a frame. If a collision is detected during transmission of the initial link frame, a counter is set to zero and the PHY transmits back-to-back link frames, where the initial link frame and the back-to-back link frames are each separated by an IPG (Inter Packet Gap). When transmitting these back-to-back link frames, the counter is incremented each time a collision is detected. When the counter equals a specified number, the transmit-clock signal to the MAC is enabled and the PHY waits for a random interval of time before beginning the above-described process again.

Abstract: A method and protocol for dynamic downstream and upstream frequency assignment in a localized microwave distribution system. Downstream frequencies can be assigned via a base station periodic broadcast of a frequency assignment table for a home common control channel in each base station downstream frequency. Customer premise equipment monitors the home common control channel for a frequency assignment message, which preferably includes a table mapping each customer premise equipment, or that equipment for which there has been no recent upstream communication. Downstream frequencies may also be assigned by a customer premise equipment request to a base station sent over a common control channel associated with an upstream frequency associated with a downstream frequency identified during a scan of downstream frequencies. A modified aloha contention algorithm is used if multiple customer premise equipment requests conflict.

Abstract: A facsimile communication system is provided which is capable of sending out picture data from a gateway device on a receiver side to a facsimile device on the receiver side even in the development of delays in communications caused by fluctuations in a communication network and of avoiding a forced breakdown of the facsimile communication occurring based on a judgement by the facsimile communication system that a communication failure has occurred due to the delays in communications. In the facsimile communication system, the gateway device on the receiver side, after receiving a digital instruction (DCS) signal from the gateway device on a sender side, without waiting for the receipt of a receiving preparation confirmation (CFR) signal to be fed from a facsimile device on the receiver side, returns, for itself, the CFR signal to the gateway device on the sender side and then starts to receive picture data from the gateway device on the receiver side.

Abstract: A cross product is determined for a received signal. A dot product is also determined for the received signal. If the cross product is greater than a predetermined threshold, the cross product is decremented by the product of the dot product multiplied by a constant value. If the cross product is less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, the cross product is incremented by the product of the dot product multiplied by the constant value. The incrementing or decrementing is continued until the frequency error approaches a minimum value.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed herein for classifying packets using ternary and binary content-addressable memory stages to classify packets. One such system uses a stage of one or more TCAMS followed by a second stage one or more CAMS (or alternatively some other binary associative memories such as hash tables or TRIEs) to classify a packet. One exemplary system includes TCAMs for handling input and output classification and a forwarding CAM to classify packets for Internet Protocol (IP) forwarding decisions on a flow label. This input and output classification may include, but is not limited to routing, access control lists (ACLs), quality of service (QoS), network address translation (NAT), encryption, etc. These IP forwarding decisions may include, but are not limited to IP source and destination addresses, protocol type, flags and layer 4 source and destination ports, a virtual local area network (VLAN) id and/or other fields.

Abstract: A real time data transmission method is used in a network in which a real time media gateway is provided to allow access to the internet backbone in addition to the usual GPRS specific gateway. The method involves changing the header in a real time data stream as it passes through the network so that it can pass directly to the real time gateway without passing through the GPRS specific gateway. This ensures that the data stream travels along a more direct route and shortens the headers used in the data stream in the process.

Abstract: In a router with redundant central arbiters, a set of control processors (CPs) determines which arbiter is active, which is standby, and when to switch between them. In normal operation ingress ASICs issue requests to the active central arbiter ASIC and keep-alive requests cyclically once per chunk period to the passive arbiter ASIC, which then returns keep-alive grants through the same links to the ingress ASICs and sends standby configuration information to the optical switch ASICs. The arbiter ASICs pass a switch-over decision simultaneously to the optical switch ASICs and ingress ASICs, which empty all queues of outstanding requests, and then resend all of those requests to the new active central arbiter after all queues are empty, such that no router traffic is lost. Mechanisms ensure that during the transition the ASICs properly recognize which data links are healthy and which arbiter is active.

Abstract: An embodiment of this invention pertains to a network processor that processes incoming information element segments at very high data rates due, in part, to the fact that the processor is deterministic (i.e., the time to complete a process is known) and that it employs a pipelined “multiple instruction single date” (“MISD”) architecture. This MISD architecture is triggered by the arrival of the incoming information element segment. Each process is provided dedicated registers thus eliminating context switches. The pipeline, the instructions fetched, and the incoming information element segment are very long in length. The network processor includes a MISD processor that performs policy control functions such as network traffic policing, buffer allocation and management, protocol modification, timer rollover recovery, an aging mechanism to discard idle flows, and segmentation and reassembly of incoming information elements.

Abstract: An ATM cell transmitting device capable of multiplexing a plurality of time slots with a single ATM cell by using an AAL2, which includes a time slot input unit for switching a plurality of time slots; a packet processing unit for receiving the switched time slot data and forming a CPS packet; a CAM for receiving header information of the CPS packet and outputting the ATM buffer number; an ATM cell transmitting unit for storing the data of the CPS packet according to the ATM buffer number outputted from the CAM, to form ATM cells; and a controlling unit for performing a general controlling operation.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for tunneling (transparently transmitting) over a packet network, from a source to a destination, the spectrum of one or more bandpass channels individually selected from a larger spectrum at the source. Each channel is selected, translated to baseband (using sampling techniques), digitized, framed, merged with other digital services, transmitted (along with associated attribute information) using packet techniques, and later reconstructed. The present invention provides a selective and efficient use of available bandwidth, in that it is not necessary to transmit the entire spectrum, when only one or few portions of the spectrum are desired. This in turn, reduces bandwidth requirements all along the transmission path and at the source and destination. The reduced bandwidth requirements have associated reductions in power and costs.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to buffer arrangements (e.g., via concatenation) to support differential link distances at full bandwidth.

Abstract: A multicast packet is transferred through a switching fabric from an input line card to a dedicated multicast card, which is substantially the same as an input and output line card, but without external facility interfaces. A dedicated output multicast card converts the multicast packet from an optical to an electrical packet and passes it to a dedicated input multicast card, where the packet is replicated electrically, converted back to an optical packet, and then transferred through the switching fabric to multiple destinations. In some embodiments, input and output dedicated multicast cards are actually a single card. Transfer of the multicast packet to multiple destinations occurs sequentially or simultaneously during a single switching cycle, if multiple parallel switching paths exist through the switching fabric. Some embodiments include multiple dedicated multicast cards, allowing rapid simultaneous expansion of the multicast tree.

Abstract: A source multicasts information to a plurality of targets. The targets respond to the multicast information by sending acknowledgements that indicate receipt of the multicast information. The acknowledgements are merged into a merged acknowledgment, which is then supplied to the source. The source can determine from the merged acknowledgement whether the targets successfully received the multicast information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for switching data of different protocols through a network are described. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving data from a number of interfaces. Additionally, the method includes switching the data through a first switch fabric upon determining that the data is being processed as packet data. The switching of the data through the first switch fabric includes de-encapsulating a first number of protocol headers from the packet data. The switching of the data through the first switch fabric also includes encapsulating a second number of protocol headers from the packet data. Moreover, the method includes switching the data through a second switch fabric upon determining that the data is being processed as Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) traffic.

Abstract: A method and system for increasing the overall network throughput over a wireless local area network (WLAN). Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic switching between the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) and Point Coordination Function IEEE 802.11 access modes is determined according to the load conditions over the WLAN in a method and system. Stations and access points within a WLAN monitor conditions within the network to determine which access mechanism is most optimum for the current load conditions. Some factors to consider in determining the load conditions include but are not limited to the number of transmissions, number of receptions, and number of collisions.

Abstract: The present invention is provided with a pipeline for performing in a conveyor-belt style, the processing of obtaining the necessary information for performing an operation after judging the operation to be performed, of the Swap, the Push, and the Pop, and obtaining the output channel information, based on the content of the shim header of the MPLS packet and the information set in advance. The header controller sequentially supplies a top shim header of each packet received from a plurality of lines to the pipeline and performs an actual operation on the top shim header of each packet, based on the obtained information. As the result of the pop operation, when there exists a shim header that becomes a top newly, it repeats the above processing starting from a stage of supplying the shim header of the new top to the pipeline again. Namely, the pop processing of the MPLS packet is not collectively performed at once but performed by looping the pipeline.

Abstract: A method and system for rapidly acquiring a spreading code, used in a code division multiple access (CDMA) system. A first long code and a second long code, with each long code having a length of N chips, are generated. The first long code is different from the second long code. The first long code and the second long code are transmitted at a first phase angle and at a second phase angle, respectively, on a carrier signal, over a communications channel using radio waves. The first long code and the second long code may be transmitted at an in-phase (I) angle and at a quadrature-phase (Q) angle, respectively, on the carrier signal. From the communications channel, an I-phase acquisition circuit and a Q-phase acquisition circuit may acquire, in parallel, the first long code and the second long code from the I-phase angle and the Q-phase angle, respectively, of the carrier signal by searching, in parallel, N/2 chips, the first long code and the second long code.

Abstract: A method for processing multiple random access requests is disclosed in which a base station transmits an acquisition indicator signal, which indicates that the base station has detected the presence of a random access transmission. The acquisition indicator can be generated based on the amount of energy received on the random access channel (e.g., as opposed to the correct/incorrect decoding of a random access message). Consequently, the delay between the beginning of the random access transmission and the beginning of the acquisition indicator transmission is significantly shorter than the delay to the beginning of an acknowledgment transmission based on the reception of a correctly decoded random access message. If a mobile station does not receive a positive acquisition indicator, it should interrupt the present transmission and start to re-transmit the random access burst in the next time slot, while modifying the transmission power level accordingly between the successive re-transmissions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for performing line qualification tests, and binning the results of such testing. The lines are tested to determine or estimate various characteristics of the line. Physical characteristics of the line may be estimated (e.g. line length, line gauge, insertion loss). The presence of devices on the line such as load coils, bridged taps, terminations and the like may also be determined. A prediction of the data rate the loop can support is made from the measured and estimated line conditions. The results are binned according to certain criteria and to provide an easily discernable status of the line. The binning can be performed by a computer using software designed specifically for this purpose. The binned results may include a first category indicating the line cannot support a certain level of high speed access. The binned results may also include a second category indicating the line can support a certain level of high speed access.

Abstract: A system and method for providing a congestion optimized address resolution protocol (ARP) for a wireless ad-hoc network. The system and method enables a node in the wireless ad-hoc network to issue an ARP request without the need to broadcast the request to all of the nodes in the wireless ad-hoc network, to thus minimize radio traffic on the wireless ad-hoc network for handling the ARP request. The node includes an address resolution protocol module which is adapted to generate an ARP request for a media access control (MAC) address corresponding to an Internet protocol (IP) address, and a transceiver which is adapted to transmit the ARP request for delivery to an access point of a network portion, such as a core LAN of the network, without broadcasting the ARP request to a plurality of other nodes in the wireless ad-hoc network. The transceiver can transmit the ARP request to the access point directly or via other nodes in the wireless ad-hoc network.