Abstract: An OLED and a method of fabricating the same are provided, in which, when a reflective layer pattern is formed, a thin layer for a pixel electrode is opened at an edge of an emission region to form the pixel electrode without additional photolithography and etching processes by forming an undercut under the edge of the reflective layer pattern, i.e., under the edge of the emission region by over-etching, thereby simplifying the process and increasing the yield.

Abstract: In a lamp that prevents outflow of mercury filled in a lamp tube and a liquid crystal display apparatus having the lamp, the lamp includes a lamp tube and an electrode. The lamp tube is filled with a discharge gas and a fluorescent material. The electrode is disposed on both ends of the lamp tube. An insulating adhesive material is interposed between the lamp tube and an insertion hole into which the lamp tube is inserted. The lamp tube is combined with the electrode by the insulating adhesive material. A pin hole that may be generated in the lamp tube corresponding to the insertion hole of the electrode is sealed. Thus, outflow of the mercury in the lamp tube may be prevented.

Abstract: There is provided a multi-ringed bulb including a plurality of ring bulbs in which a plurality of straight tube portions having an outside diameter of from 12 to 20 mm are connected to each other through bent portions on a same plane. Electrodes are provided hermetically at respective ends of outermost and innermost bulbs of the plurality of ring bulbs. A connection portion connects other adjacent ends of the outermost and innermost bulbs to each other so that the outermost and innermost bulbs communicate with each other, to form a single discharge path. A phosphor layer is formed on inner surfaces of at least the straight tube portions 5a of the inner and outer bulbs. The multi-ringed structure bulb is filled with discharge medium. The above-mentioned structure permits to provide a fluorescent lamp and a lighting apparatus, which have a small strain in the inner and outer bulbs, a high strength and an excellent luminous efficiency.

Abstract: In an arc tube for discharge lamp, an electrode assembly is formed by integrally joining an electrode rod, a molybdenum foil, and a molybdenum lead wire. The electrode assembly is sealed into pinch seal portions located at both ends of a glass tube. The electrode assembly, before being pinch-sealed into the pinch seal portions, receives vacuum heat treatment at 200 to 800° C. Hereby, the water content of the assembly is adjusted to 10 ppm or less, and desirably to 3 ppm less and an oxide film attached to the surface of the electrode assembly is removed. Therefore, the quantity of impurity (water or gas) enclosed in the closed glass bulb is very small, so that it is possible to provide an arc tube in which the flicker is not produced, luminous flux of 3000 lm or more is obtained, and starting voltage can be lowered to about 15 kV.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the luminance and uniformity of a flat panel light source provides a patterned reflective structure to reflect or deflect the light back onto the display area of a field emission display panel and lighten the area which used to be blocked by spacers. The patterned reflective structure may be designed in several places, such as between an end surface of a spacer and the inner surface of an anode substrate, or on the inner surface of the edges of the side-frame between the anode plate and the cathode plate by further coating a reflective material, or on the side-frames surrounding the panel by further coating a reflective material, etc. With such a patterned reflective structure, the luminance and uniformity of a flat panel light source are enhanced.

Abstract: A thermal electron emission backlight device comprises: a first substrate and a second substrate disposed in parallel and separated by a predetermined distance from each other; a first anode electrode and a second anode electrode facing the first anode electrode, the first and second anode electrodes being formed on inner surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate, respectively; cathode electrodes disposed at predetermined intervals and in parallel with each other between the first substrate and the second substrate; a phosphor layer formed on the second anode electrode; and a plurality of spacers disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate so as to maintain the predetermined distance therebetween. When a predetermined voltage is applied to the cathode electrodes, thermal electrons are emitted from the cathode electrodes.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a pair of anode and cathode substrates facing each other, and cathode electrodes, an insulating layer, and gate electrodes sequentially deposited on the cathode substrate. Gate holes are formed within the respective pixels by partially removing the gate electrodes and the insulating layer. Each pixel is divided into a central pixel region and a peripheral pixel region. Electron emission regions are placed on the cathode electrodes inside the gate holes to emit electrons. Anode electrodes and a phosphor screen are formed on the anode substrate. A uniform electric field is applied to the electron emission regions arranged at the central pixel region, and a non-uniform electric field is applied to the electron emission regions arranged at the peripheral pixel region excluding the central pixel region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a structure that enables to perform high gain and satisfy higher required characteristics. In the photomultiplier, an electron-multiplying unit accommodated in a sealed container comprises a focusing electrode, an accelerating electrode, a dynode unit, and an anode. Particularly, at least the accelerating electrode and dynode unit are held unitedly in a state that at least a first-stage dynode and a second-stage included in the dynode unit are opposite directly to the accelerating electrode not through a conductive material. A conventional metal disk for supporting directly dynodes which are set to the same potential as that of the first-stage dynode is not placed between the accelerating electrode and dynode unit; thus, variations of the transit time of electrons may be drastically reduced while the electrons reach from the cathode to the second-stage dynode via the first-stage dynode.

Abstract: Provided is a metal halide lamp capable of being dimmed, which is prevented from non-lighting due to leakage of an arc tube attributable to a crack occurring at thin tubes, as well as realizing a desired color characteristic. The metal halide lamp has an arc tube that includes an envelope made of translucent ceramic, a pair of electrodes, and metal halides, the metal halides including rare earth metal halide, sodium halide, and magnesium halide, the rare earth metal halide being at least one of dysprosium halide, thulium halide, holmium halide, cerium halide, and praseodymium halide, and the magnesium halide being at least one of magnesium iodide and magnesium bromide, where when a maximum lamp power P (W) is in a range of 70 W to 250 W, the following relations are satisfied: 0.0345A+0.0028B<0.0015 P+0.0475; A?0.021P+0.313; and B?10.0, where A (mg) represents a total content of the metal halides, and B (mol %) represents a content ratio of the magnesium halide to the metal halides.

Abstract: The incandescent lamp, which uses a carbon cycle process, is equipped with a luminous body which, together with a fill, is introduced in a vacuum-tight manner into a bulb, the luminous body including a metal carbide, the melting point of which is above that of tungsten. The distance between the luminous body and the wall of the bulb is less than 18 mm, with a first cycle process, which is attributed to the carbon, being effected by the use of carbon and hydrogen as fill additive, and a second cycle process, which is attributed to the metal, being effected by the use of halogen.

Abstract: A surface light source device (2) includes a plurality of electron sources (20), a plurality of magnetic coils (201), and an anode (22). Each electron source includes two cathodes (203) and at least one filament (202). The two cathodes face to each other and define therebetween a space (200) having a first opening (207) and a second opening (208). The second opening faces to and is larger than the first opening. The at least one filament is located at the second opening and is configured for emitting electrons to escape the space from the first opening. Each magnetic coil is located at one second opening. The anode includes a transparent electrically conductive layer (222) and a phosphorescent layer (221). The phosphorescent layer faces towards the plurality of electron source. The present surface light source device can achieve high brightness and is environmentally friendly.

Abstract: The present invention is characterized in having the structure which can reduce reflection ratio of exterior light when the device is not operating, that is, when light is not emitted from the device. To this end, the structural elements formed on the non-emitting areas are formed with dark color black matrix material. To have the structure, the present organic electroluminescent device comprises indium-tin-oxide (ITO) layers formed on a glass substrate; insulating layers formed on non-emitting area of the ITO layers, each insulating layer being formed with dark colored material; a plurality of walls formed on the insulating layers; and organic electroluminescence layers and metal layers formed sequentially on the entire structure including the walls, the organic electroluminescence layers and metal layers being separated from adjacent organic electroluminescence layers and metal layers by the walls.

Abstract: An image display device includes a front substrate having anodes and phosphors, a rear substrate having plural video signal wirings or lines and plural electron sources each formed on a corresponding one of the video signal wirings or lines, and disposed to face the front substrate with a predetermined spacing between the front and rear substrates and a support member which is sandwiched between the front and rear substrates, surrounds a display area formed therebetween and maintains the predetermined spacing. The support member is includes long-side portions of a uniform width disposed on long sides of the front substrate and short-side portions of a uniform width disposed on short sides of the front substrate. At least the long-side portions are curved convexly toward an outside of the display area.

Abstract: A planar light source device includes a light source body having at least one partition member in a space formed by first and second substrates, and at least one plasma container. Plasma is generated in a plurality of discharge regions that are connected to one another through the plasma container. The plasma container is disposed at a position adjacent to the partition member to receive a portion of the plasma. According to this configuration, distribution of the plasma in the discharge regions is uniform and luminance of the light generated from the planar light source device is uniform. As a result, the planar light source device implements a good display quality of the LCD apparatus.