Abstract: In some aspects, the present disclosure pertains to methods for the electrochemical production of NH3 from nitrogen gas and a hydrogen-containing molecule in an electrochemical cell that comprises a cathode, an anode and a lithium-ion-containing electrolyte disposed between the cathode and the anode. The electrochemical cell is operated under conditions such that lithium ions in the electrolyte are converted to lithium metal at the cathode, the lithium metal reacting with nitrogen gas to form Li3N, and the Li3N reacting with protons in a proton donor to form NH3, lithium ions and a deprotonated proton donor. Moreover, the proton donor has a Kamlet-Taft alpha parameter (?) greater than 0.7 and a Kamlet-Taft beta parameter (?) greater than 0.5. Other aspects of the present disclosure pertain to systems for electrochemical production of NH3.

Abstract: Provided are electrodialysis systems for removing ions from heavy ends. The electrodialysis systems include an electrodialysis device comprising a brine inlet stream, a heavy ends inlet stream, a brine outlet stream, and a product outlet stream, wherein the brine outlet stream comprises more acetic acid than the brine inlet stream, and the product outlet stream comprises no more than 10% the amount of ions relative to an amount of ions in the heavy ends inlet stream.

Abstract: In an aspect, a hydrogen separation unit includes an electrochemical cell stack that includes a separator stack located in between an anode side and a cathode side; a mixed gas conduit for receiving a mixed gas stream to the anode side; an anode removal conduit for removing a helium rich stream from the anode side; and a cathode removal conduit for removing a hydrogen rich stream from the cathode side. The separation stack includes a plurality of electrochemical cells, each of which includes a proton exchange membrane located in between an anode and a cathode. The proton exchange membrane can include a cation. The separation stack can be a cascading separation stack.

Abstract: The present invention relates to integrated systems of solar photovoltaic panels and water electrolyzers wherein the electrolyzer stacks are connected directly to the unregulated DC bus of the solar PV system. More specifically, the present invention optimizes electrolyzer cell count when connecting directly to the unregulated DC bus of a photovoltaic system to maximize annual hydrogen production capacity, minimize levelized cost of hydrogen produced, or track solar system maximum power point dynamically during operation.

Abstract: A method for treating process water of a flotation arrangement, the flotation arrangement including a flotation arrangement including a mineral flotation line and a process water treatment arrangement for treating underflow of the of the mineral flotation line. The method includes the steps of a) dewatering underflow from the flotation in a gravitational solid-liquid separator; b) subjecting supernatant from step a) to cleaning flotation for collecting at least fine particles and residual flotation chemicals, for separating at least fine particles and residual flotation chemicals from the supernatant into cleaning flotation overflow, and for forming purified process water as cleaning flotation underflow; c) removing cleaning flotation overflow as tailings, and d) recirculating purified process water into the mineral flotation line.

Abstract: Electron exchangers are placed in the conversion cell and divide it into cathode gas chamber, liquid conversion solution chamber filled with a multiple track injection liquid controller, and anode gas chamber. Voltage is applied to the electron exchangers to convert the liquid conversion solution to gases, and gases are released directly to the gas chambers. On the surfaces of the single sheets of the multiple track injection liquid controller, there are many tracks and puncture channels that are designed by critical surface calculations, and manufactured with a precision technology. A computing engine connected to the cloud is responsible for artificial intelligence calculations, and it controls valves, sensors, servo motors, and enhance gas flow devices. In producing the same amount of final gases, our method is energy efficient.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for in-situ synthesizing tungsten carbide powder. In this method, cemented carbide scrap is used as an electrode and the molten salt electrolysis process is used to in-situ synthesize tungsten carbide powder, where a bidirectional pulse is used in the molten salt electrolysis process. In the method provided by the present disclosure, by using the bidirectional pulse and using the cemented carbide scrap as electrode in the molten salt medium, when the tungsten carbide scrap is oxidized, tungsten is dissolved in ionic form, deposited after the direction of current changes, and reacted with the carbon anode sludge in situ to generate tungsten carbide powder.

Abstract: An electrode which includes nanoparticles of a carbon-doped tin oxide of formula C—SnO2-x where x=is from 0.001 to 0.1, having surface oxygen vacancies. The electrode includes a fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. A film of the nanoparticles is present on at least one surface of the fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. The surface oxygen vacancies correspond to an O 1s peak shift of 0.5-2 eV in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for C—SnO2-x compared to C—SnO2 without surface oxygen vacancies.

Abstract: A system for electrohydromodulation of wastewater. In an embodiment, the system comprises an anode in contact with at least one anodic chamber and a cathode in contact with a cathodic chamber. Each anodic chamber and the cathodic chamber are configured to receive a flow of wastewater. A first multivalent cation exchange membrane, between each anodic chamber and the cathodic chamber, allows multivalent cations to pass therethrough while preventing monovalent ions to pass therethrough. A power source is electrically coupled to each anode and the cathode, and is configured to apply a voltage across wastewater in the anodic chamber and the cathodic chamber, to thereby cause multivalent cations in the wastewater to pass through the multivalent cation exchange membrane.

Abstract: A system and method of making hydrogen from water. A reaction vessel is provided with an outer shell, a central shaft, and concentric inner tubes separated by annular spaces. Water is delivered to the annular spaces by a water pump through an inlet defined in the reaction vessel. The water courses along a tortuous flow path. That path begins at an inner annular space around a central shaft. It ends at an outer annular space. The water emerges from the reaction vessel through an outlet associated with a manifold. A vibratory stimulus is applied to the reaction vessel and water. Water molecules are dissociated into hydrogen molecules and oxygen atoms. These reaction products are delivered through the manifold along an effluent flow path to a receiving pressure vessel before deployment to a sub-assembly for harnessing clean energy.

Abstract: Herein discussed is an electrochemical reactor comprising a first electrode, wherein the first electrode is liquid when the reactor is in operation; a second electrode having a metallic phase and a ceramic phase, wherein the metallic phase is electronically conductive and wherein the ceramic phase is ionically conductive; and a membrane, wherein the membrane is positioned between the first and second electrodes and is in contact with the first and second electrodes, wherein the membrane is mixed conducting. Also discussed herein is a method of producing hydrogen or carbon monoxide comprising: (a) providing an electrochemical reactor having an anode, a cathode, and a membrane between the anode and the cathode, wherein the anode is liquid when the reactor is in operation and wherein the membrane is mixed conducting; (b) introducing a feedstock to the anode; (c) introducing a stream to the cathode, wherein the stream comprises water or carbon dioxide.

Abstract: An electrode which includes nanoparticles of a carbon-doped tin oxide of formula C—SnO2-x where x=is from 0.001 to 0.1, having surface oxygen vacancies. The electrode includes a fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. A film of the nanoparticles is present on at least one surface of the fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. The surface oxygen vacancies correspond to an O 1s peak shift of 0.5-2 eV in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for C—SnO2-x compared to C—SnO2 without surface oxygen vacancies.

Abstract: An electrode which includes nanoparticles of a carbon-doped tin oxide of formula C—SnO2-x where x=is from 0.001 to 0.1, having surface oxygen vacancies. The electrode includes a fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. A film of the nanoparticles is present on at least one surface of the fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. The surface oxygen vacancies correspond to an O 1s peak shift of 0.5-2 eV in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for C—SnO2-x compared to C—SnO2 without surface oxygen vacancies.

Abstract: A device for removing ions from a solution. The device includes first and second intercalation hosts, an anion exchange membrane, a first compartment extending between the first intercalation host and the anion exchange membrane, and a second compartment extending between the second intercalation host and the anion exchange membrane. The first and/or second intercalation hosts include a mixture of first and second intercalation materials. The first and/or second intercalation hosts may include layers (e.g., alternating layers) of the first and second intercalation materials. The first and second intercalation materials are different.

Abstract: An electrolysis system includes at least one electrolyzer for generating hydrogen and oxygen as products, and at least two downstream compressors for compressing at least one of the products produced in the electrolyzer. A method of operating the electrolysis system in a part-load operation of the electrolyzer that is optimized in terms of efficiency and is also cost-effective. During the part load operation of the electrolyzer, a first group of compressors is operated in part-load operation, while the compressor(s) of a second group can be switched on or off individually for full-load operation.

Abstract: An electrode which includes nanoparticles of a carbon-doped tin oxide of formula C—SnO2-x where x=is from 0.001 to 0.1, having surface oxygen vacancies. The electrode includes a fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. A film of the nanoparticles is present on at least one surface of the fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. The surface oxygen vacancies correspond to an O 1s peak shift of 0.5-2 eV in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for C—SnO2-x compared to C—SnO2 without surface oxygen vacancies.

Abstract: An anode plate for a film plating machine and a film plating machine are provided. The anode plate is formed by splicing a plurality of anode plate splicing units, and two adjacent anode plate splicing units are separated by an insulating medium. Each anode plate splicing unit is connected with a power supply. The anode plate is applicable to film plating machines of different breadth.

Abstract: A water treatment system comprises a source of water including one or more contaminants, an electrocoagulation cell including a housing defining a fluid flow conduit, an anode disposed within the fluid flow conduit, and a cathode disposed within the fluid flow conduit, the housing including an inlet fluidly connectable to the source of water and an outlet, a solids/liquid separation system having an inlet fluidly connectable to the outlet of the housing of the electrocoagulation cell, a solids-rich outlet, and a solids-lean outlet, and a ballast feed system configured to deliver a ballast to the solids/liquid separation system.

Abstract: A precipitate and/or an inclusion in a metal material are extracted by electrolysis using an electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution contains an adsorbent physically adsorbed and/or chemically adsorbed to any metal other than a matrix metal of the metal material. The extracted precipitate and/or inclusion can be quantitatively analyzed with high accuracy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to silver nanoclusters doped with rhodium hydride, a method of producing the same, and an electrochemical catalyst for hydrogen gas generation. The silver nanoclusters doped with rhodium hydride of the present invention have utility as an electrochemical catalyst, have a significantly low production cost compared to a platinum (Pt) catalyst according to the related art, and exhibit an effect of generating hydrogen gas equal to or greater than that of the Pt catalyst.