Abstract: The disclosure concerns an electrical stud-welding device with a welding head and a stud holder fastened thereto in a detachable manner. The stud-welding device is of the type that can be regulated with respect to various welding parameters, such as charging voltage, capacitance, plunge velocity, weld current, weld time, and plunge damping and providing means for weld studs of different dimensions without the need to perform test welds, thus also allowing automatic change of the stud holder, by designing the stud holder as a data carrier for several specific, variable welding-parameters, and data-acquisition units which can be acted upon by the stud holder arranged on the stud-welding device and a central, device-specific data-processing unit associated with the stud-welding device, and provided for the acquired data, which unit sets the controlled variables in accordance with the data that were determined.

Abstract: In conventional methods for welding can bodies along their longitudinal seams, high frequency substantially rectangular a.c. currents are used for the welding current to avoid the problem of arcing found in d.c. welders. However, the high frequency a.c. current causes an undesirable degree of heating which produces eddy currents and necessitates cooling equipment. To overcome this problem, a method of producing can bodies welded along their longitudinal seam is provided in which the length of a half wave of the substantially rectangular welding current is matched in length and concurrent with the amount of time required for a can body to pass between the welding electrodes.

Abstract: In a wire-cut, electric discharge machine equipped with an automatic wire electrode threading mechanism, a straightening guide having a curved surface which guides thereacross a wire electrode while straightening it out. The straightening guide is positioned directly in front of feed-up rollers which grip the wire electrode released from a supply reel and guide it into a machining starting hole of a workpiece.

Abstract: An electrical ignition system for a burner in which a spark generation circuit is arranged to charge a capacitor in one sense, and in which a flame sensing device charges the capacitor in the opposite sense, a detector circuit being provided to monitor the presence and polarity of a charge on the capacitor.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling positioning of an implement relative to a workpiece, such as a welding head with respect to members to be welded, projects light patterns including an array of light elements each having a known shape and spacing relative to one another on the workpiece. The light elements as reflected from the workpiece are detected and output signals produced in response to the detected light elements. The output signals are classified into groups based on at least one common characteristic resulting from workpiece geometry. The workpiece geometry is defined from at least one relationship between different ones of the groups of the first output signals. Second output signals are produced indicative of the so-determined workpiece geometry. The second output signals are used to control positioning of the implement relative to the workpiece. This apparatus and process allows workpiece geometry to be defined and the implement to be positioned relative to the workpiece on a real-time basis.

Abstract: A liquid fuel burner ignition device which includes a lock out device, having a bimetallic lamina or similar element, and an ignition transformer. The bimetallic lamina is so positioned as to be heated by electromagnetic induction, due to the effect of parasitic current induced therein by the flux of the ignition transformer. The ignition device is provided with a resistor which is adapted so as to also heat the bimetallic lamina.

Abstract: A method of locating and welding a seam with a welding torch includes the steps of swinging the welding torch transversely of its feed direction, moving the torch at an angle of up to 30.degree. with respect to a preprogrammed torch path, operating the torch at a low welding current, and comparing welding current or voltage values measured at the laterally outermost points of the torch movement until such values are substantially equal, indicating the torch is centered over the seam. Thereafter, the torch is moved rearwardly along the seam until the measured voltage or current values indicate an end of the seam has been reached, and the torch is then supplied with full welding current and is moved forwardly along the seam at relatively high speed according to the preprogrammed path in order to weld the seam.

Abstract: A solenoid operated, ratchet-type step motor incrementally advances the rheostat of a welding apparatus in opposite directions to control welding current. The solenoids are pulsed in response to reception of a frequency and digitally coded radiant energy signal by a receiver to which signals are transmitted from a remote transmitter having direction selecting push button switches.

Abstract: As apparatus for sensing reflected light patterns in the presence of a welding arc has an image-sensing means. Means is provided for directing one or more pulses of light of short duration at a workpiece. Each pulse has a peak intensity greater than that of the welding arc. A means is provided for blocking the light image from the sensing means except during a pulse from the light-directing means. An image sensing process includes the steps of directing light at the workpiece in one or more pulses, each of greater intensity than the welding arc. Light from the pulse reflected from the workpiece is sensed during the pulse, and sensing of light from the welding arc is blocked during the absence of a light pulse. This apparatus and process allows improved sensing of the light patterns in the presence of the welding arc and welding sparks.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for providing an improved power and fluid supply system which operates in a multiple functioning welding and cutting apparatus and which consists of a combination of a main power transformer which supplies the main welding current and a very high voltage transformer for supplying very high voltages above 200 volts required for plasma cutting. A transformer switching device provides for coupling between the main transformer and the very high voltage transformer in order to selectively connect the main transformer and the very high voltage transformer in parallel. The power supply including the main transformer, the very high voltage transformer and the transformer switching device are connected to a tool coupling device in order to selectively apply appropriate voltage and current levels to the tool coupling device through the use of a selector switch which is coupled to the fluid supply end of the power supply for selectively changing their respective outputs.

Abstract: Apparatus for casting directionally solidified articles is disclosed. Concepts for obtaining a desired temperature profile in an induction furnace are discussed.An induction furnace 10 has increased heating capacity at the withdrawal end 32 of the susceptor 28. A hot zone baffle 42 is disposed at the withdrawal end to inhibit the radiation of heat energy from the hot zone 12. A plurality of grooves 34 are formed about the interior of the susceptor at the withdrawal end to inhibit the conduction of heat energy out of the susceptor. A preferred thermal profile in the operating furnace with a peak temperature in close proximity to the withdrawal end results.

Abstract: A pulse arc welding device includes a power source which produces a background current and pulse current imposed on it. A voltage drop across the arc is measured and when such a voltage drop deviates from a predetermined level, either one of background current, frequency of the pulse current and pulse duration of the pulse current is controlled to maintain the voltage drop across the arc constant.

Abstract: In an electrical resistance welder, whenever a material to be welded approaches the welding electrodes, a start signal is produced, so that welding current is supplied to the welding transformer in one direction for a certain period of time set by a time limit circuit, with the polarity changing in response to the start signal, whereby, even if materials are repeatedly fed for welding at high speed, they can be positively welded in a uniform manner.

Abstract: In an electric resistance welding machine for welding structural members together along a common region of contact through the intermittent application of heat generating electrical energy to said region of contact the combination of; electrode means adapted to releasably contact and clamp said members together so as to exert an external force to said members for urging said members together at said regions of contact, and to transmit and apply said electrical energy to said members in said region of contact on an intermittent basis, transformer means associated with said electrode means for supplying said electrical energy to be intermittently applied to said members in said region of contact, control means for controlling the intermittent application of said electrical energy to said region of contact for a selected timed interval, including means for interrupting said application of said electrical energy for a selected timed interval so as to present a series of intermittent impulses of said electrical en

Abstract: A system for resistance welding in which the welding voltage between the electrodes is controlled by changing the pressure applied to the electrodes or the firing phase angle of the welding current in accordance with a reference voltage curve or a reference voltage integration curve. The system comprises a voltage sensor, a reference voltage generator, a differential amplifier, and a pressure control device, or a calculating unit for determining an appropriate firing phase angle of the welding current. The system thus improved can ensure a stable, good welding quality, since the welding voltage is always controlled by a series of optimum welding voltages, during the welding process, in accordance with a reference voltage curve with respect to time, preferably in terms of cycles of the welding current.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for depositing metal from one conductor to another by electrode deposition. One conductor, the electrode, may remain in contact with the other conductor, the workpiece, as the electrode is continuously oscillated about a central electrode axis. Short duration, high amperage charges are directed through the oscillating electrode and the workpiece. The charge duration is controlled by the charging rate of a capacitor in a charging circuit. The rate of capacitor discharge is prescribed by an independently triggered thyristor. Extremely short duration discharges at a high discharge frequency results in deposition of the electrode material onto the workpiece.

Abstract: A welding core wire supply device comprises a conduit containing a welding core wire guide tube, a control cable, a power cable and so forth therein and having connectors at its both ends, a given number of supply units each having a supply section for leading and supplying a welding core wire to a desired zone of the conduit, and a power unit. The plurality of supply units are serially connected to the power unit through said connectors. Each supply section comprises at least a pair of rollers for drawing the welding core wire therebetween, a pull motor for rotating the rollers, a control device for controlling the pull motor with constant torque and a circuit for turning on and off a power supply to the supply units in response to welding start, stop and inching signals.

Abstract: An automatic welding apparatus for welding plate-like welding workpieces is provided wherein a weld line of the plate-like welding workpieces is detected, while a compressive force is being applied on the workpieces, by a detecting means which is adapted to be moved along the weld line, and a welding torch is moved in accordance with the results of the detection to carry out automatic welding of the workpieces.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for micro-arc brazing and welding of metal to metal or ceramic. The control of arc heat flux density is accomplished by controlling the ambient gas pressure and providing an argon, argon/5% hydrogen or other inert gas atmosphere. The discharge current is controlled so as to provide an arc which is operable at 100 microamps to 20 amps.Prior to welding or brazing, the work is cleaned by high frequency electrical discharge cleaning techniques using high energy ions from either the ambient gas or from an electrode. By providing a small amount of DC during the high frequency discharge a "tinning" capability is established.The welding or brazing may be formed in a closed chamber so that arc stabilization can be accomplished.

Abstract: There is disclosed an igniting and flame detecting device of one rod type having an electrode used for generating a spark for firing gas from a burner and also for supplying an AC voltage for detecting a flame generated by the firing, in which a pulse generating transformer is provided for generating the spark at the electrode with its secondary coil connected in series with the electrode through a discharge tube, a flame detection transformer is provided to apply AC voltage to the flame generated by firing the gas from burner with its secondary coil connected in series with a resistor and a capacitor to form a series circuit which is connected in parallel with the discharge tube, a detection circuit is provided to detect DC voltage component produced, due to rectifying effects of the flame, across the capacitor, and a gap discharge element having a discharge starting voltage which is higher than a normal discharge starting voltage of the discharge tube is connected in parallel with the discharge tube, whereb