Abstract: 1-Fluoro-6,7-dihydro-5H-isoquinolin-8-one derivatives of the formula (I)R.sup.1 (--M.sup.1).sub.a (--A.sup.1 --M.sup.2).sub.b (--A.sup.2 --M.sup.3).sub.c --B(--M.sup.4 --A.sup.3).sub.d (--M.sup.5 --A.sup.4).sub.e (--M.sup.6).sub.f --R.sup.2 (I)where B, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, M.sup.1, M.sup.2, M.sup.3, M.sup.4, M.sup.5 M.sup.6, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, and A.sup.4 are various defined substituents and a, b, c, d, e are zero or one, with the proviso that the sum of b, c, d, and e is 0, 1 or 2, are disclosed. These derivatives are used in liquid-crystalline mixtures.

Abstract: A fracturing fluid composition for use in fracturing underground formations, such as oil or gas wells is described. It includes at least one anhydrous aliphatic alcohol, a modified guar gum polymer, and as a complexor, a sodium borate salt. A gel breaker which acts over a time period to degrade the guar gum cross linked polymer and thereby reduce the viscosity of the gel is provided as well to aid in the removal thereof from an oil or gas well that has been fractured by application of the fluid under pressure.

Abstract: A method and a drilling fluid/cement slurry composition for cementing a wellbore. The drilling fluid/cement slurry composition comprises A cement slurry composition comprising:a) a cementitious material;b) a drilling fluid; andc) a dispersant selected from the group consisting of water soluble polymers comprising allyloxybenzene sulfonate or allyloxybenzene phosphonate polymerized with at least one of acrylic acid, acrylamides, alkyl acrylamides, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, sulfonated or phosphonated styrene sulfonated or phosphonated vinyl toluene, sulfonated or phosphonated isobutylene, acrylamidopropane sulfonate, acrylamidopropanephosphonate, vinyl alcohol, sulfonated or phosphonated propene and alkali, alkaline earth and ammonium salts thereof.

Abstract: Bifunctional compounds of the formula (I), ##STR1## in which: ##STR2## are naphthalene-2,6-diyl or ##STR3## is naphthalene-2,6-diyl or ##STR4## U, X, Y and Z are --CH.dbd., --CF.dbd. and --N.dbd., with the proviso that --CF.dbd. and --N.dbd. may each only be represented at most twice per six-membered ring, and that --CF.dbd. and --N.dbd. may not at the same time be represented twice in a six-membered ring;Hal is Cl, Br or I; or H, if X and/or Y are --CF.dbd.R.sup.3 is CH.sub.3 or OCH.sub.3l is 0 or 1m and n are 0, 1, 2 or 3.The compounds of the formula I are useful intermediates for the preparation of liquid-crystalline mixtures.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds of positive dielectric anisotropy, characterized in that it contains one or more compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which Hal is fluorine or chlorine and R is alkyl, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl, in each case having up to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A silacyclohexane compound represented by the following general formula (I). ##STR1## In this formula, R denotes a linear-chain alkyl group with 1-10 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkyl group with 3-8 carbon atoms, a mono- or di-fluoroalkyl group with 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group with 2-7 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group with 2-8 carbon atoms. ##STR2## is trans-1-silacyclohexylene or trans-4-silacyclohexylene group whose silicon at position 1 or position 4 has a substitutional group(s) of H, F, Cl or CH.sub.3. X denotes a R, OR, CN, F, Cl, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2 Cl, CHFCl, OCF.sub.3, OCHF.sub.2, OCF.sub.2 Cl, OCHFCl, --(O).sub.m --CY.sub.1 .dbd.CX.sub.1 X.sub.2 (m denotes 0 or 1, Y.sub.1 and X.sub.1 respectively denote H, F or Cl, and X.sub.2 denotes F or Cl) or --O--C.sub.r F.sub.s H.sub.2r+1-s is (r denotes an integral of 2 to 4 and s denotes an integral of 1 to 7) group. Y denotes H or F. Z denotes H or F.

Abstract: Passive fire-suppression objects adapted for placement adjacent or in a confined area to be protected are provided and comprise a three-dimensional body presenting a surface communicating with the confined area; solid polyhalon fire-suppressing material forms all or a part of the object and is capable of releasing fire-suppressing gas from or through the object surface when heated as a result of a fire within the confined area. The solid polyhalon may be incorporated in or onto the surface of the object and can be used in wall or ceiling panels, woven material or as a solid panel. In use, heat generated as a result of a fire causes the polyhalon to pyrolize and crack, thus liberating monomer components of the polyhalon, the monomers being a fire-suppressing gas.

Abstract: A method of fracturing a subterranean formation which surrounds a well bore comprises the steps of providing a fracturing fluid, and injecting the fracturing fluid into the well bore at a pressure sufficient to form fractures in the subterranean formation which surrounds the well bore. The pressure is then released from the fracturing fluid, after which the fluid may be removed from the well and the well placed into production. The fracturing fluid comprises an aqueous liquid, a polysaccharide soluble or dispersible in the aqueous liquid in an amount sufficient to increase the viscosity of the aqueous liquid, an enzyme breaker which degrades said polysaccharide at a temperature above 180.degree. F. Fracturing fluid compositions and enzyme breaker systems useful for carrying out the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal mixture containing a compound of the formula (1) as an essential component, which has a large birefringence (.DELTA.n), an increased upper limit temperature of nematic phase and a widened temperature range of nematic phase, and a decreased responsiveness parameter.

Abstract: Liquid crystal compositions which can improve the low .DELTA.n (refractive index anisotropy) of conventional liquid crystal compositions containing a silacyclohexane compound and which retain a low viscosity and hence show no decrease in response speed. Liquid crystal compositions having a high .DELTA.n of 0.13 to 0.25, a low viscosity of 30 cp or less, a low threshold voltage and a high voltage holding ratio can be obtained by adding thereto, as a required component, a compound having both a silacyclohexane ring and a tolan structure, or a miture of a compound having a silacyclohexane ring and a compound having a tolan structure.

Abstract: Provided is a naphthalene compound represented by the following Formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with halogen atoms and have no asymmetric carbon atoms; A represents any of the groups represented by the following formulas: ##STR2## (wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 each represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom); and z represents 0 or 1. The addition of this naphthalene compound to a liquid crystal composition makes it possible to improve various characteristics such as the high speed response property of the liquid crystal composition and the temperature dependency of the response time. The above naphthalene compound is useful as a liquid crystal material for liquid crystal compositions, particularly ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions.

Abstract: Compounds represented by formula I: ##STR1## are disclosed. .sup.AR represents an aromatic group containing 6-10 atoms; and ##STR2## represents a 4 to 10 membered non-aromatic heterocycle containing at least one N atom, and optionally containing 1-2 additional N atoms and 0-1 O or S atom. A pharmaceutical composition is also included. Methods of treating cancer and cytokine mediated diseases are also included.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is constituted by a pair of transparent substrates each having thereon a transparent electrode, and a chiral smectic liquid crystal composition disposed between the substrates so as to assume at least two optically stable states. At least one of the substrates is provided with an alignment film which comprises a polyimide represented by a recurring unit of formula (I) shown below and has been subjected to a uniaxial aligning treatment. ##STR1## wherein A denotes a planar tetravalent organic residue group comprising an aromatic ring, an aromatic polycyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring or a condensed polycyclic ring, and B denotes a divalent aliphatic group comprising .paren open-st.CH.sub.2 .paren close-st..sub.n (n: an integer of at least 1) or an alicyclic ring.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition for use in a DAP mode liquid crystal display device of a homeotropic structure type contains at least one kind of predetermined tolan derivative. The liquid crystal composition is used for a liquid crystal display device of an active-matrix drive type. The liquid crystal composition is also used for a projection type display. The content of the predetermined tolan derivative is in a range of 3 wt % to 20 wt %.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical element comprising a pair of substrates with electrodes and a liquid crystal/polymer composite material which is composed of a liquid crystal and a polymer and interposed between the pair of substrates, wherein the polymer phase of the liquid crystal/polymer composite material is a polymeric cured product of a polymerizable curable material comprising an addition-polymerizable compound presented by the following formula (1):CXY=CZ--CO--O--R--OH (1)wherein each of X, Y and Z is --H or --CH.sub.3, and R is a bivalent hydrocarbon group which has 4 to 8 carbon atoms in total and at least one carbon atom between the carbon atom bonded to the ester linkage and the carbon atom bonded to the hydroxyl group in the formula (1), and may have at least one linkage selected from the group consisting of an ether linkage, an ester linkage and a carbonate linkage, substituted for one or more carbon--carbon linkages.

Abstract: Chlorobenzene derivatives which have the following four-ring structure and are preferably usable for display devices of active matrix mode, and liquid crystal compositions comprising the derivative are provided: ##STR1## wherein ring A, ring B, and ring C independently represent trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or 1,4-phenylene group, one or more hydrogen atoms on the six-membered ring of which may be replaced by halogen atoms, Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, and Z.sub.3 represent --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or single bond, respectively, provided that at least one of them represents --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 represent H or halogen atom, and R represents an alkyl group or alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, provided that when Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.3 represent single bond and Z.sub.2 represents --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, ring A represents 1,4-phenylene group, and when Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 represent single bond, and Z.sub.3 represents --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition which comprises as a first component at least one or more compounds represented by formula (1') ##STR1## wherein n represents an integer of 1-10; X represents H or F; or m represents 1 or 2 and as a second component at least one or more compounds represented by formulas (2-1) to (2-5) in which n represents an integer of 1-10.

Abstract: A process for controlling the cone tilt angle of a tilted smectic liquid crystal composition comprises the step of combining (a) at least one liquid crystal composition comprising at least one smectic or latent smectic liquid crystal compound comprising (i) an aliphatic fluorocarbon terminal portion comprising a terminal fluoroalkyl or fluoroether group and an alkylene group having at least two carbon atoms and containing at least one catenary ether oxygen atom, (ii) an aliphatic hydrocarbon terminal portion, and (iii) a central core connecting the terminal portions, wherein the alkylene group of the aliphatic fluorocarbon terminal portion is directly linked to the central core by a moiety selected from the group consisting of a covalent bond, --CH.dbd.CH--, and --C.tbd.

Abstract: Polyhydroxyl and polyether hydroxyl esters of fatty acids and polyether hydroxides are provided as waterproofers. These waterproofers are also combined with quaternary ammonium compositions and a solvent in waterproofing, wood preservative systems. Preferred quaternary ammonium compounds have chloride, hydroxide, carbonate, carboxylate, or borate counter ions.

Abstract: The present invention describes liquid crystal compounds which are suitable for use in liquid crystal devices including those which exploit the electroclinic effect.