Abstract: A composition containing a smectic C compound, having a .DELTA..epsilon. of negative value and enabling to effect a high speed response; a ferroelectric chiral smectic C liquid crystal composition using the same; and a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device using the ferroelectric chiral smectic C liquid crystal composition are provided,which composition containing a smectic C compound comprises at least one compound expressed by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent different linear alkyl groups of 1 to 9 C, andat least one compound expressed by the formula (II) ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each represent the same or different linear alkyl groups of 1 to 18 C and X is H or F.

Abstract: Optically active compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein n stands for the number 0 or 1; Z.sup.1 is a single covalent bond or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --; Z.sup.2 is a single covalent bond, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --COO-- or --OOC--; rings A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each independently represent trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or optionally halogen-, cyano- and/or methyl-substituted 1,4-phenylene in which optionally 1 CH group or 2 CH groups is/are replaced by nitrogen; R.sup.2 is a group R.sup.4 or a group of the formula ##STR2## R.sup.4 is cyano, halogen, --OCY.sup.1 F.sub.2, --CY.sup.1 F.sub.2 or an alkyl group in which optionally one >CH--CH< is replaced by >C.dbd.C< and/or optionally one methylene group or two non-adjacent methylene groups is/are replaced by --O--, --COO-- and/or --OOC-- and/or optionally one methylene group is replaced by --CHY.sup.2 --; Y.sup.1 is hydrogen or fluorine; Y.sup.2 is halogen, cyano or methyl; R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: A light modulating material is disclosed, comprising a solid, light transmissive, polymeric matrix having dispersed within said matrix droplets of a liquid crystalline composition, wherein said composition is a mixture of at least 2 compounds, at least one of said compounds having general formula (I), where n is 1 or 2, the fluorine substituent(s) may be in any of the available substitution positions and R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-12 alkynyl, hydrogen, R, RO or RCO where R is alkyl or perfluoroalkyl and at least one other of said compounds having general formula (II), where m is 0 or 1 and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-12 alkyl or alkoxy.

Abstract: A ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal composition, comprising at least one compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 respectively denote a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 respectively denote a single bond, ##STR2## Y.sub.1 denotes --CH.sub.2 O-- or --OCH.sub.2 ; and m and n are respectively 1 or 2; and at least one compound represented by the following formula (II): ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 respectively denote a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent, at least one of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 being optically active; and; X.sub.3 and X.sub.

Abstract: A ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal composition, comprising at least one compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent, R.sub.2 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms; X.sub.1 denotes a single bond, ##STR2## and at least one compound represented by the following formula (II): ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 respectively denote a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent, at least one of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 being optically active; and X.sub.2 and X.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I or I', ##STR1## wherein X and Y are independently selected from hydrogen, halo, and (1-6C)alkoxy;R.sup.1 is selected from(A) (1-6C)alkyl;(B) phenyl and naphthyl or substituted versions thereof;(C) phenyl (1-3C)alkyl and naphthyl (1-3C) alkyl;(D) five- and six-membered heteroaryl rings;(E) heteroaryl (1-3C)alkyl and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, useful in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders such as psychoses; pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula I or I' and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier; and methods of treating neuropsychiatric disorders comprising administering to a mammal (including man) in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of formula I or I', or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are claimed. The invention also relates to novel processes for producing enantiomeric methanoanthracenyl sulfoxides.

Abstract: A quinoxaline compound of the formula (I) according to claim 1 characterized by having at least one quinoxaline-2,6 (or 2,7)-diyl group is suitable as a component for a liquid crystal composition providing improved response characteristics and a high contrast. A liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing the liquid crystal composition between a pair of electrode plates. The liquid crystal device is used as a display panel constituting a display apparatus providing good display characteristics.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal device having a pair of substrates each provided with voltage applying means, an orientation control layer formed on at least one of the substrates, and a layer of ferroelectric liquid crystal composition disposed between the pair of substrates, the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition comprising at least one compound (a) having an optically active group of the formula (I): ##STR1## at least one compound (b) which is reverse to the compound (a) in the direction of a helical pitch induced in a nematic phase and at least one liquid crystal compound (c) exhibiting a smectic C phase, the liquid crystal composition exhibiting at least a smectic C phase, smectic A phase and nematic phase.

Abstract: Isovaleramide has been found to exhibit mild anxiolytic activity at low to moderate dosage levels and mildly sedative at somewhat higher dosage levels. In contrast to certain other materials thought to be anxiolytic or mildly sedative, isovaleramide is non-cytotoxic and does not paradoxically stimulate the central nervous system. Isovaleramide is therefore useful as a mild anxiolytic and mild sedative which can be made available to the general public.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of complexes and chelates resp., of antitics with bivalent and/or trivalent metals in antiulcer drugs, to new complexes and chelates resp., of antibiotics with bivalent and/or trivalent metals and to processes for the obtaining thereof.

Abstract: Fluorobenzene derivatives of the formula I, ##STR1## R, A1, A2, S1, 22, L, m, Y, Q are as defined herein.

Abstract: Optically active compounds of formula (I), where X has a structure (II) and B is C.sub.1-12 alkyl, a chiral group or a group having a general structure (III), where R and R' are H, C.sub.1-12 alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, or alkoxycarbonyl, each ring (IV) and (V) is the same or different, A and D are single bonds or bridging groups, each a and d is 0 or 1; Z, Z' are CN, Cl, F, Br or CF.sub.3 ; provided when Z is CN or Cl, then when B is alkyl X-Y is not (VI) or (VII). Ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal mixtures containing these compounds are also described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds of the class of piperidyl-imidazole derivative histamine H.sub.3 -receptor antagonists. Such compounds have affinity for histamine H.sub.3 -receptor, and preferably penetrate the blood-brain barrier. The compounds can block the soporific effect of an H.sub.3 -receptor agonist. Illustrative of the compounds of the invention is the molecule 4-(1-cyclohexylvaleroyl-4-piperidyl)-1H-imidazole. These compounds have been found to have utility in treating cognitive disorders and have been found to be useful as appetite suppressants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a highly efficient method of preparing modified microcapsules exhibiting selective targeting. These microcapsules are suitable for encapsulation surface attachment of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. In one aspect of the invention, surface charge of the polymeric material is altered by conjugation of an amino acid ester to the providing improved targeting of encapsulated agents to specific tissue cells. Examples include encapsulation of radiodiagnostic agents in 1 .mu.m capsules to provide improved opacification and encapsulation of cytotoxic agents in 100 .mu.m capsules for chemoembolization procedures. The microcapsules are suitable for attachment of a wide range of targeting agents, including antibodies, steroids and drugs, which may be attached to the microcapsule polymer before or after formation of suitably sized microcapsules. The invention also includes microcapsules surface modified with hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: An antiferroelectric liquid crystal substance represented by the following general formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R represents a straight-chain alkyl group of 6-10 carbon atoms; X represents ##STR2## when X is ##STR3## Y is any of CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 and C.sub.2 H.sub.5, L is 0 or an integer of 5 to 8, m is 0 or 1, and n is an integer of 1 to 10; when X is ##STR4## Y is any of CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 and C.sub.2 H.sub.5, and (1) when Y is CH.sub.3, L is 0 or an integer of 5 to 8, m is 0 or 1, and n is an integer of 1 to 10, (2) when Y is CF.sub.3, L is an integer of 5 to 8, m is 1, and n is an integer of 1 to 10 and (3) when Y is C.sub.2 H.sub.5, L is 0, m is 0, and n is an integer of 4-10.

Abstract: A ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal composition is provided with a fast response speed and a less temperature dependency of the response speed by containing at least one mesomorphic compound represented by the formula (1) below: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes an alkyl group having 1-16 carbon atoms and capable of having a substituent; R.sub.2 denotes an alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkoxycarbonyl group, acyloxy group or alkoxycarbonyloxy group each having 1-16 carbon atoms and capable of having a substituent; and ##STR2## respectively denotes ##STR3## each capable of having a substituent.

Abstract: The invention relates to fluoro-chloro-benzene derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R denotes an alkyl or halogenoalkyl residue of up to 12 C atoms wherein one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may also be replaced by -0- and/or -HC=CH-,the radical A is a ring of the formula (1) or (2): ##STR2## Q is a bivalent radical of the formula (1) or (2) or a single bond or--if radical A denotes trans-1,4-cyclohexylene--is also a bivalent radical of the formulae (3), (4) or (5): ##STR3## and L.degree., L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 are each independently H or F, with the proviso that at least one of L.degree., L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 present in the molecule denotes F.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds having positive dielectric anisotropy, characterized in that it contains one or more compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which X is fluorine, chlorine, CF.sub.3, OCF.sub.3 or OCHF.sub.2, ring A is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene, and R is alkyl, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl, in each case having up to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An electrooptical system containing a PDLC film is disclosed. The precursor of the PDLC film comprises(a) 30-85 wt. % of a liquid crystal mixture containing one or more compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, X.sup.2, X.sup.2, Q, n and Y are as defined herein,(b) 15-68 wt. % of the precursor of the polymer matrix at least comprisinga component A containing at least 5 wt. % of one or more at least difunctional thiol monomers and/or oligomers,a component B containing at least 10 wt. % of one or more at least difunctional monomers and/or oligomers of the ene type,a component C containing at least 3 wt. % of one or more monofunctional monomers and/or oligomers of the ene type with a molar mass of less than 250 g/mol,optionally a component D containing polymerizable compounds other than ene-type or thiol-type compounds; and(c) 0.1-5 wt.