Abstract: An air cycle air conditioning system including an air-air heat exchanger defining a first air flow path for air to be cooled and a second air flow path for air to pass therethrough and absorb heat from the air to be cooled and apparatus for supplying air to the second air flow path at sub-atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A refrigeration device comprising a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, an accumulator and a refrigerant is described. Lubricating oil present in the compressor is chosen so as to be insoluble with the refrigerant, and a particular accumulator design is described to ensure return of oil back to the compressor.

Abstract: This system utilizes three kinds of metal hydrides, MH1, MH2, and MH3, having the highest, an intermediate, and the lowest equilibrium hydrogen pressures, respectively, in the order mentioned, each kind of metal hydrides being enclosed in two sets of respective metal-hydride containers. While hydrogen flows from the metal hydride MH3 to the metal hydrides MH2 and MH1 in one set, hydrogen flows from the metal hydrides MH2 and MH1 metal hydride MH3 in other set such that the cold heat generated by hydrogen dissociation from the metal hydride MH2 in said other set is utilized to cool the metal hydride MH1 of said one set for efficient hydrogen absorption by the metal hydride MH1, and the cold heat generated by hydrogen dissociation from the metal hydride MH1 of said other set is provided for refrigeration.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling heat generating members such as semiconductor devices on a multichip module. A discharge device discharges cooling liquid for contacting the heat generating members and cooling them. A mixing device mixes the now high temperature cooling liquid, which has cooled the heat generating members, with another portion of the aforesaid cooling liquid still at a lower temperature. As a result, the temperature of the high temperature cooling liquid, which has been heated because it had cooled the heat generating members, can be lowered because the high temperature cooling liquid is mixed with the low temperature cooling liquid. Furthermore, a cooling liquid discharge device is provided for each heat generating member and a mixing device is located between the cooling liquid discharge devices or between heat generating members. In addition, the mixing device has a guide member for guiding the flow.

Abstract: A collection vessel and method of collecting gaseous and liquid phase collectible materials utilizes introduction of the collectible material directly into a liquid cryogenic material to provide complete condensation and a liquid-filled trap for collected gases within the liquid cryogenic material. This trap effectively eliminates escape of collected gases even though evaporated cryogenic materials may be vented and the collection vessel operated at atmospheric pressure. The performance of the vessel is thus improved and no freezing of the collected gases occurs at the inlet due to the warming of the inlet structure by the material being collected. Therefore, the collection of gases may be done at high speed and with simplified equipment. Completeness of condensation is assured by the use of a baffle of a preferably collapsible construction for retaining gases within the liquid cryogenic material until condensation is complete.

Abstract: A superconducting rotating apparatus has a rotor constituted in a cryostat structure and comprising a cold rotor and a superconducting winding to be cooled by coolant, a heat shielding member for heat-shelding the cold rotor, a magnetic coupling device for coupling the cold rotor to a rotational shaft in a non-contact means by a magnetic force, a field current source for supplying field current to the superconducting winding, a stator disposed in space at a predetermined interval from the cold rotor and having an armature winding, and a refrigerator provided in the rotor to cool coolant introduced into the superconducting rotor and warmed up by cooling the superconducting winding.

Abstract: A cryogenic helium production system wherein a feed which includes carbon dioxide is processed in a dual temperature system including an upstream higher temperature and higher pressure column or dephlegmator, thus eliminating the need for a separate non-cryogenic carbon dioxide removal step.

Abstract: A dehumidifier includes an elongated body in which a first open ended chamber and a second open ended chamber are defined parallel to each other along the longitudinal direction of the body. A first cover and a second cover are detachably secured to the ends of the body, to cover the open ends of the first and second chambers, respectively. An evaporator is housed in the first chamber. A pipe is disposed in the second chamber, and divides the second chamber into a precooling zone, which corresponds to the internal space of the pipe extending along the axis thereof, and a reheating zone which corresponds to the external space. A path connects the outlet of the precooling zone and the inlet of the first chamber, and is defined between the dehumidifier body and the second cover, for feeding the air from the precooling zone to the first chamber.

Abstract: A dehumidifier unit for pre-conditioning air delivered to a multiplicity of separate refrigeration air conditioner units and especially ductless systems where the compressor-condenser unit is separate from the fan-coil unit, and assisted by heat pipe transfer of heat from air dehumidified through a desiccant wheel and by heat of compression from the condenser of one compressor-condenser unit, and with a heater to maintain the temperature of regeneration air through the wheel, one dehumidifier unit pre-conditioning air for a multiplicity of refrigeration air conditioners or fan-coil units.

Abstract: A cryogenic shipping and storage system includes a cryogenic dewar having a top opening, one or more specimen holders suspended within the dewar, a top housing secured to dewar opening and forming a central opening corresponding with the top dewar opening to allow insertion and withdrawal of the one or more specimen holders, a plug adapted to engage the one or more specimen holders and close the central opening of the top housing, a top cover hingedly carried by the top housing over the central opening, and indicia provided on the top housing to identify each of the one or more specimen holders suspended within the dewar. The top housing includes means for detachably receiving and maintaining the spaced relationship of the one or more specimen holders suspended within the cryogenic dewar.

Abstract: In a low temperature generation process, compressed gas (3) at high pressure enters from an inlet nozzle (1) and alternately expands into one of two resonator tubes (A,B) of an expansion engine. The expanding gas excites standing acoustic waves (4) in the resonator tubes (A,B). The acoustic energy of the waves (4) is converted into electrical energy by acoustic/electric power converters and is led away outside the "cold area" of the tubes. The expansion engine contains one or more resonator tubes with a common inlet nozzle (1). Each resonator tube has an acoustic/electric power converter (5) and an exhaust port (6). Together with a compressor, a heat exchanger and a heat sink, the expansion engine provides a very effective cooling system which may be used for the cooling of small electronic devices like chips or modules.

Abstract: Apparatus for the storage and projection of ice balls comprising in combination:a revolving tank terminated by an opening in the lower part for linking with a ball injection chamber (44) to which are fixed:a) a motor (32) able to rotate an axial rod (30) equipped with mixing or stirring blades (36) of an Archimedean screw (38) and, between the two, a means for sealing the passage of the balls (40),b) a jack (34) able to control a translation of the axial rod (30),a gun (4) for projecting the balls and connected to the outlet (58) of the injection chamber,a compressed air source (6),on the gun, a double contact trigger (60), the first contact of which controls the injection of air and the second contact controls the raising jack (34) of the axial rod (30) and the rotation of the motor (32).

Abstract: A process for simultaneously providing both high and low purity oxygen from a double column, double reboiler apparatus, the double columns being high and low pressure columns, the low pressure column having a lower and upper reboiler with an intermediate outlet in between, which process entails extracting a low purity oxygen stream at the intermediate outlet and a high purity liquid oxygen stream from a bottom portion of the low pressure column.

Abstract: A central air conditioning unit with a blower and feed duct is provided with a filter unit between the blower and the air outlet into the space applied with the conditioned air. The filter unit has both a sorption filter and a suspended filter and is constructed and arranged to form a sound barrier, i.e. a sound-damping or sound-blocking system.

Abstract: An air cycle machine (10) has a first stage turbine (60) mounted to a central portion of a common shaft (12), a compressor (50) mounted to the central portion of the shaft (12), a second stage turbine (30) mounted to a first end of the shaft (12), and a fan (40) mounted to a second end of the shaft (12), all for rotation therewith about a longitudinal axis (14). The first and second stage turbines (60, 30) are operative to extract energy from a flow of compressed air for driving the shaft (12), and the fan (40) and the compressor (50), in rotation about the axis (14).

Abstract: An oil collector unit of a refrigerant recovery system includes a housing, an interior middle vertical wall disposed in the housing, an interior middle horizontal wall disposed in the housing and intersecting the interior vertical wall and defining left and right pairs of upper and lower chambers on opposite sides of the middle vertical wall having passageways between the upper and lower chambers at opposite ends of the middle horizontal wall which are spaced from the opposite ends of the housing, and a plurality of tubes connected in flow communication with selected ones of the chambers of the housing so as to define a circuitous flow path through the chambers of the housing permitting travel of a fluid mixture of refrigerant and oil therethrough and separation of oil from refrigerant therewithin.

Abstract: The temperature differential in the vapor-phase storage area of a liquid nitrogen refrigerator is reduced by producing turbulence in the nitrogen gas in the vapor-phase storage area without materially affecting the level of liquid nitrogen in the refrigerator. In one embodiment, turbulence is induced by introducing gaseous nitrogen into the refrigerator chamber near or below the level of the liquid nitrogen. In another embodiment, an atomized spray of liquid nitrogen is injected adjacent the top of the refrigerator chamber to absorb heat from the warmer nitrogen gas and to produce turbulence or circulation in the nitrogen gas in the chamber. In another embodiment, a gas circulating fan is provided in the top of the refrigeration chamber, with the fan being operated in response to a signal indicating that the temperature has reached a predetermined high level at a critical point in the chamber.

Abstract: A flake ice machine (10) including a rotatable cooling member (12) defining cooling surfaces (20) and a plurality of internal refrigerant flow passages (76). The machine includes a spray tube (18) for introducing liquid material onto a portion of the cooling surfaces of the cooling member. A refrigerant supply system (30) supplies an excess of evaporative liquid refrigerant to the inlets (78) of the refrigerant flow passages, so that a portion of the liquid refrigerant evaporates within each passage to freeze the liquid material introduced onto the cooling surface, and a remaining portion of the refrigerant flows from the outlet (80) of each passage in the liquid state. Resilient removal blades (38) mounted adjacent each cooling surface remove frozen material from the cooling surface to form solid flakes of material.

Abstract: The recovery of solvents from waste gases takes place according to the state of the art by condensation, freezing out or desublimation of the solvent in recuperative cold reservoirs which can be switched over. In order to reduce the amount of equipment and the cold losses, the condensation and freezing-out operations are run continuously in a shaped-object reservoir through which cooled shaped objects move in a countercurrent to the waste gas.

Abstract: A semiconductor deposition system with thermal trap characterized by a processing chamber, a source of process gas coupled to an inlet of the processing chamber, a thermal trap coupled to an outlet of the processing chamber, and a pump mechanism operative to pump a gas from the process chamber and into the thermal trap. The thermal trap preferably includes an enclosure defining a trap chamber, where an inlet to the trap chamber is coupled to the outlet of the processing chamber, a condensable-solid collection surface located within the trap chamber, a mechanism for maintaining the temperature of the collection surface at or below the temperature at which a gas flowing into the chamber condenses into a solid form, and a mechanism for maintaining the temperature of an inner surface of the enclosure at a temperature above which the gas condenses into a solid form.