Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for individualizing trichome fibers from a trichome source, such as a leaf and/or a stem. One process comprises contacting the plant biomass with pectin hydrolyzing enzymes, thus releasing the individualized trichomes and recovering the individualized trichomes. A second process comprises contacting the plant biomass with an acidic aqueous solution, thus releasing the individualized trichomes and recovering the individualized trichomes. A third process comprises contacting the plant biomass with an acidic aqueous solution and with pectin hydrolyzing enzymes, thus releasing the individualized trichomes and recovering the individualized trichomes.

Abstract: Provided is a cell sheet suitable for cartilage repair. The present invention provides a cell sheet for cartilage repair, formed from a culture of cells derived from a cartilage tissue, and the cell sheet is negative for immunostaining using an antibody against type II collagen. The present invention also provides a method for producing a cell sheet for cartilage repair, formed from a culture of cells derived from a cartilage tissue, and the method includes culturing cells derived from a cartilage tissue on a surface of a membrane, where a temperature-responsive polymer is immobilized on the surface, to give the cell sheet. The culturing is stopped before the cell sheet becomes positive for immunostaining using an antibody against type II collagen.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for recycling and supplementing off-gas from a gas fed reaction process. The systems and methods are particularly useful for bioprocesses that convert hydrogen gas into one or more biosynthetic products. By maintaining separate hydrogen and oxygen feed gas streams, and forming a recycle gas that introduces a target component of the supply gas to the bioreactor within a target concentration range, the yields, productivities, and safety profiles of the bioprocess can be enhanced.

Abstract: Agents, kits, and methods that utilize oxygenation to treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and/or provide prophylaxis against exacerbation of IBD are provided. In several embodiments, the agents, kits, and methods according to several embodiments generate in, or carry to, oxygen in the intestinal lumen to treat IBD and provide prophylaxis against exacerbation of IBD, including those caused by the presence of anaerobic bacteria in the intestine. The agents, kits, and methods provided herein generate an aerobic environment within the intestine to alleviate intestinal inflammation.

Abstract: An method of malaria detection includes providing an interdigitated sensor having a first electrode with a plurality of fingers and a second electrode with a plurality of fingers, interspersed and spaced apart from the fingers of the first electrode. A quantity of blood to be tested is received on the sensor. The blood is to be dried and is measured for at least one measurable characteristic, including a resistance of the blood. The presence of malaria infected blood is determined based on a comparison between the measurable characteristics and a predetermined threshold related to the measurable characteristics.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method of encapsulating cells in a crosslinked alginate microbead using a microfluidic encapsulation device.

Abstract: A method is provided of forming a stain assessment target for a biological material staining system. At least one region of a substrate is provided upon a support such as a microscope slide. The substrate is formed from an optically transmissive material which is an analogue of biological tissue. A biological tissue sample for inspection is also provided upon the support. The support, including the at least one region, together with the biological tissue sample and then stained by applying at least one biological tissue stain under similar staining conditions.

Abstract: Agents, kits, and methods that utilize oxygenation to treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and/or provide prophylaxis against exacerbation of IBD are provided. In several embodiments, the agents, kits, and methods according to several embodiments generate in, or carry to, oxygen in the intestinal lumen to treat IBD and provide prophylaxis against exacerbation of IBD, including those caused by the presence of anaerobic bacteria in the intestine. The agents, kits, and methods provided herein generate an aerobic environment within the intestine to alleviate intestinal inflammation.

Abstract: Using lung tissues as a source, mammalian lung progenitor cells lung spheroids and lung spheroid cells (LSCs) were prepared. In one embodiment mammalian LSCs were prepared by (i) culturing mammalian lung tissue explant cells under adherent culture conditions to form a first lung cell outgrowth culture; (ii) culturing the first lung cell outgrowth culture under low-adherence conditions to form lung spheroids; and (iii) culturing the lung spheroids under adherent culture conditions so as to form LSCs. The low-adherence conditions may be a cell culture or suspension. The lung spheroids or LSCs may be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions. Uses such as treatment of lung diseases or diagnostics are also provided. Lung spheroids and LSCs represents a simple and highly reproducible method to generate therapeutic lung cells.

Abstract: A process for producing maltitol includes at least: producing a maltose syrup, by hydrolysis of a granular starch, in a first stage of liquefaction of granular starch to form a liquefied starch, followed by a stage of saccharification of the liquefied starch to which an aqueous solution of beta-amylase has been added, to form the maltose syrup; hydrogenating the maltose syrup to form an aqueous maltitol composition; and recovering the maltitol composition. The aqueous solution of beta-amylase also includes potassium sorbate, glycerol, and sodium carbonate.

Abstract: Biochemical scaffolds for treating menopausal symptoms. The biochemical scaffolds include a base liquid medium, a bioenergetic platform and a vibrational platform. The bioenergetic platform includes at least one Krebs cycle modulator and/or neurotransmitter modulator and/or nuclear hormone receptor modulator. The vibrational platform includes at least one energy signature component, e.g., an herb. The biochemical scaffold is subjected to sequential harmonic oscillation for a defined, predetermined period of time, wherein the energy signature of the energy signature component is imparted to, captured, replicated, and retained by the liquid medium, and, when the biochemical scaffolds are delivered to and, thus, in communication with biological tissue, the biochemical scaffolds induce specific biochemical activities via the resonant transfer of the retained energy signature to the biological tissue and, hence, endogenous cells thereof.

Abstract: Aerosol sprays are provided that include one or more bacterial species and at least one siloxane suitable for applying said one or more bacterial species to a surface or into the environment. Such sprays may also include a propellant under pressure. Such aerosol sprays may be used for restoring or maintaining a healthy skin microbiota.

Abstract: Agents, kits, and methods that utilize oxygenation to treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and/or provide prophylaxis against exacerbation of IBD are provided. In several embodiments, the agents, kits, and methods according to several embodiments generate in, or carry to, oxygen in the intestinal lumen to treat IBD and provide prophylaxis against exacerbation of IBD, including those caused by the presence of anaerobic bacteria in the intestine. The agents, kits, and methods provided herein generate an aerobic environment within the intestine to alleviate intestinal inflammation.

Abstract: The method includes the steps of performing in-vitro liver, intestinal and/or expressed enzyme assays with selected ethnobotanical substances, for both humans and a variety of animal species, to produce an array of resulting chemical entities, such as metabolites, for the human and the animals. Comparisons are then made between the chemical entities from the human in-vitro studies and the animal in-vitro studies to determine the closest match. The animal with the closest match is then used for an in-vivo study. If a match is present between the animal in-vivo results and the human in-vitro results, the matched chemical entity is isolated or synthesized and then further tested to determine the suitability of the matched chemical entity as a treatment drug.

Abstract: Agents, kits, and methods that utilize oxygenation to treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and/or provide prophylaxis against exacerbation of IBD are provided. In several embodiments, the agents, kits, and methods according to several embodiments generate in, or carry to, oxygen in the intestinal lumen to treat IBD and provide prophylaxis against exacerbation of IBD, including those caused by the presence of anaerobic bacteria in the intestine. The agents, kits, and methods provided herein generate an aerobic environment within the intestine to alleviate intestinal inflammation.

Abstract: Agents, kits, and methods that utilize oxygenation to prevent and/or treat infections caused by anaerobic microorganisms are provided. The agents, kits, and methods according to several embodiments utilize oxygenation in the intestinal lumen to prevent and/or treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria. The agents, kits, and methods can be utilized to prevent and/or treat anaerobic bacterial infections of the intestinal lumen by enteric aerobization therapy.

Abstract: Novel methods and apparatus are disclosed for cell culture and cell recovery. The methods and apparatus simplify the process of cell separation from media, minimize potential damage to gas permeable devices during fluid handling, and allow closed system automated cell culture and cell recovery from gas permeable devices.

Abstract: Biochemical scaffolds for regulating mammalian cell function. The biochemical scaffolds include a base liquid medium, a bioenergetic platform and a vibrational platform. The bioenergetic platform includes at least one Krebs cycle modulator and/or neurotransmitter modulator. The vibrational platform includes at least one energy signature component, e.g., an herb. The biochemical scaffold is subjected to harmonic oscillation for a defined, predetermined period of time, wherein the energy signature of the energy signature component is imparted to, captured, replicated, and retained by the liquid medium, and, when the biochemical scaffolds are delivered to and, thus, in communication with biological tissue, the biochemical scaffolds induce specific biochemical activities via the resonant transfer of the retained energy signature to the biological tissue and, hence, endogenous cells thereof.

Abstract: An organ preservation and/or perfusion solution for an isolated tissue or organ is provided. The solution comprises dextran, glucose, calcium ions, a buffer, and water, has a pH of 6.6 to 7.8, and is sterile based on having been subjected to heat sterilization. A method of preparing the solution also is provided. The method comprises combining dextran, glucose, calcium ions, buffer, and water to obtain an initial solution, adjusting the pH of the initial solution to 7.0 to 7.8 if needed, and subjecting the initial solution to heat sterilization, thereby obtaining the organ preservation and/or perfusion solution. A method of preserving and/or perfusing an isolated tissue or organ also is provided. A method for flushing, storage, and/or transportation of an isolated lung after removal from a donor in preparation for eventual transplantation into a recipient also is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining the effect of a drug on a mature cardiomyocyte. In some embodiments, the method comprises using transmembrane voltage and/or intracellular calcium data obtained from control immature cardiomyocytes and those that have been contacted with the drug to parameterize models of immature cardiomyocytes, then applying a maturation matrix to generate a mature cardiomyocyte model. The method is useful for, among other things, predicting whether a drug may have proarrhythmic properties and for determining whether a particular drug should be administered to a patient.