Abstract: The present invention provides the art with the DNA coding sequences of polynucleotides that are up-or-down-regulated in cancer and dysplasia. These polynucleotides and encoded proteins or polypeptides can be used in the diagnosis or identification of cancer and dysplasia. Inhibitors of the up-regulated polynucleotides and proteins can decrease the abnormality of cancer and dysplasia. Enhancing the expression of down-regulated polynucleotides or introducing down-regulated proteins to cells can decrease the growth and/or abnormal characteristics of cancer and dysplasia.

Abstract: Disclosed is an isolated strain of a previously unknown Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus pseudolugdunensis. Also disclosed are the sequences of the S. pseudolugdunensis tuf gene and 16s rRNA and methods for distinguishing S. pseudolugdunensis from other staphylococcal species.

Abstract: A method of using genetic polymorphisms related to pro-inflammatory mediators to predict clinical outcome in critically ill patients admitted to an ICU is provided.

Abstract: A method of determining the presence or the absence of a glaucoma risk, including the steps of detecting in vitro an allele and/or a genotype of a single nucleotide polymorphism which is located on a 31st base of a base sequence, in a sample from a subject, wherein the base sequence is at least one base sequence selected from the group consisting of base sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 203 to 752 or a complementary sequence thereto (step A), and comparing the allele and/or the genotype detected in the step A with at least one of an allele and/or a genotype, containing a high-risk allele, in the base sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 203 to 752 (step B).

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the detection of vancomycin-resistant pathogens using primers and/or probes to the vanA and vanB genes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of detecting pathogenic Legionella pneumophila strains by hybridizing genomic DNA of a sample suspected to contain Legionella to two or five specific sequence markers, as identified by MARKER NO. 1 through MARKER NO. 5 or homologues thereof. The invention further relates to a kit of parts comprising an array and reference materials for performing a method of the invention.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to methods for detecting cell damage as a consequence of pathophysiological or traumatic insults such as in a nuclear accident, bioterror attack, tumorigenesis, infections or in individuals with cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions and methods for detecting genetic abnormalities. The present invention encompasses methods and compositions for comparing alleles in a sample containing both maternal and fetal nucleic acids in order to identify genetic abnormalities.

Abstract: The present invention demonstrates the differential sensitivity of PBLs from lung cancer patients and healthy controls to NNK-induced genetic damage. The data provide convincing evidence that the preferred CBMN assay is a robust test for detection of this sensitivity and yields results that are a good predictor of, for example, lung cancer risk. The simplicity, rapidity, and sensitivity of the CBMN test make it a valuable tool for screening and, for example, prioritizing potential cases for early detection of the disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, kits, and compositions for detecting mutations in transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 (TRPV4). In particular, mutations are detected in TRPV4 to detect diseases such as scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy (SPSMA) and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type IIC (HMSN IIC) or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2C (CMT2C).

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for diagnosis or monitoring of viral infection by detecting the presence of transrenal viral nucleic acids or nucleic acids of viral origin in urine sample, with or without isolation of nucleic acids from a urine sample. The analysis of the nucleic acids is performed through hybridization of the nucleic acids with specific probes, or through a chain amplification reaction with specific primers. The methods are applicable to all viral pathogenic agents, including RNA, DNA, episomal, or integrated viruses.

Abstract: Method for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis comprising the following steps: a. obtain a sample of an organic fluid having a high probability of containing foetal cells from a pregnant woman; b. enrich said sample of organic fluid in at least one population of cells comprising at least one type of foetal nucleated cells; c. isolate at least one cell from among said at least one type of foetal nucleated cells; d. perform a genetic analysis on said at least one cell isolated from among said at least one type of foetal nucleated cells in order to highlight at least one genetic characteristic of said at least one foetal nucleated cell suitable for permitting said diagnosis; wherein the step of isolating at least one cell from among said at least one type of foetal nucleated cells is performed by individually selecting single cells in a microfluidic device designed for said purpose.

Abstract: In the present invention, the methylation of the genomic DNA a Zar1 gene specifically found in proliferative disease is used as a marker. Specifically, the present invention provides a method for detecting proliferative disease, which comprises detecting the methylation of the genomic DNA of a Zar1 gene in a biological sample. There is thereby provided a method for detecting proliferative disease, using a marker having a high detection rate and a low false positive rate.

Abstract: Particular embodiments provide novel and clinically useful DNA methylation predictors of hormone receptor status, and predictors of response to endocrine (e.g., hormonal) and non-endocrine breast cancer therapy. The ESR1 gene, encoding the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha proved to be the preferred predictor of progesterone receptor (PR) status, while methylation of the PGR gene, encoding PR, was the preferred predictor of ER status. ESR1 methylation outperformed hormone receptor status as a predictor of clinical response in patients treated with antiestroges (e.g., tamoxifen), while promoter methylation of the CYP1B1 gene, encoding a tamoxifen and estradiol metabolizing cytochrome P450, predicted response differentially in tamoxifen-treated and non-treated patients. High levels of promoter methylation of the ARH1 gene, encoding a RAS-related small G-protein, were shown to be preferred predictors of better survival in patients who had not received tamoxifen therapy.

Abstract: Keratin 8 and 18 (K8/K18) mutations are shown to be associated with a predisposition to liver or biliary tract disease, particularly noncryptogenic hepatobiliary disease. Unique K8/K18 mutations are shown in patients with diseases including but without limitation to viral hepatitis, biliary atresia, alcoholic cirrhosis and other acute or chronic toxic liver injury, cryptogenic cirrhosis, acute fulminant hepatitis, autoimmune liver disease, cystic fibrosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, diseases that are linked with cryptogenic cirrhosis, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and the like. Livers with keratin mutations had increased incidence of cytoplasmic filamentous deposits. Therefore, K8/K18 are susceptibility genes for developing cryptogenic and noncryptogenic forms of liver disease. Mutant alleles are associated with disease susceptibility, and their detection is used in the diagnosis of a predisposition to these conditions.

Abstract: Provided is a method of identifying a trophoblast by detecting in cells of a biological sample, with the proviso that the biological sample does not comprise a placental tissue, expression of a trophoblast marker selected from the group consisting of an annexin IV, a cytokeratin-7, a cytokeratin-8 and a cytokeratin-19; and classifying cells exhibiting expression of the trophoblast marker as trophoblasts. Also provided are methods of detecting a pregnancy in a subject, isolating trophoblasts from biological samples and prenatally diagnosing a conceptus using the identified trophoblasts.

Abstract: Provided are nucleic acid compositions modified with intercalating aromatic compounds attached directly or indirectly through a linker arm thereto. Modifications to the nucleotides or to the oligo- or polynucleotides involve the pentosyl moieties, the abasic moieties (without a base) and the base moieties. Useful property changes are effected and can be measured or detected when such modified nucleic acids compositions have hybridized specifically to target nucleic acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to diagnostic and prognostic methods to determine the likelihood of a subject who has a inflammatory disease or liver disease of developing cancer. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for identifying subjects with increased susceptibility to developing cancer, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) where the subject has an inflammatory disease, such as, but not limited to cirrhosis, by identifying a variance or polymorphism in the human EGF gene. In particular, the methods of the present invention relate to identifying subjects with increased susceptibility to developing cancer such as HCC, where the subject has an inflammatory disease, such as but not limited to cirrhosis, and the subject is identified to have a single nucleotide polymorphism 61A>G in the 5?UTR of the EGF gene.

Abstract: The invention provides specific transgenic rice plants, plant material and seeds, characterized in that these products harbor a specific transformation event at a specific location in the rice genome. Tools are also provided which allow rapid and unequivocal identification of the event in biological samples.

Abstract: The present methods are exemplified by a process in which maternal blood containing fetal DNA is diluted to a nominal value of approximately 0.5 genome equivalent of DNA per reaction sample. Digital PCR is then be used to detect aneuploidy, such as the trisomy that causes Down Syndrome. Since aneuploidies do not present a mutational change in sequence, and are merely a change in the number of chromosomes, it has not been possible to detect them in a fetus without resorting to invasive techniques such as amniocentesis or chorionic villi sampling. Digital amplification allows the detection of aneuploidy using massively parallel amplification and detection methods, examining, e.g., 10,000 genome equivalents.