Abstract: Non-contacting caliper measurements of free-standing sheets detect mid-IR interferometric fringes created by the reflection of light from the top and bottom surfaces of the sheet. The technique includes directing a laser beam at a selected angle of incidence onto a single spot on the exposed outer surface and scanning the laser beam through a selected wavelength range as the laser beam is directed onto the exposed outer surface and measuring the intensity of an interference pattern that forms from the superposition of radiation that is reflected from the exposed outer surface and from the inner surface. Alternatively, the intensity of an interference pattern formed from the superposition of radiation that is directly transmitted through the web and radiation that is transmitted through the web after internal reflections from the internal surfaces of the web. Thickness can be extracted from the fringe separation in the interference pattern.

Abstract: A smoke detector comprising an enclosure communicating with an external environment, within the enclosure a light source illuminating a detection volume in a first wavelength band and a light-sensor responding to light from the sensing volume in a second wavelength band. The detector is configured to sense photo-luminescent fire products, particularly polyaromatic compounds, and actuate an alarm when signal levels indicate a dangerous/fire condition is present. The photo-luminescence detector may be combined with optical scatter or other fire detectors to improve discrimination between fires and false alarm sources.

Abstract: A photoconductive device that includes a semiconductor substrate, an antenna assembly, and a photoconductive assembly with one or more plasmonic contact electrodes. The photoconductive assembly can be provided with plasmonic contact electrodes that are arranged on the semiconductor substrate in a manner that improves the quantum efficiency of the photoconductive device by plasmonically enhancing the pump absorption into the photo-absorbing regions of semiconductor substrate. In one exemplary embodiment, the photoconductive device is arranged as a photoconductive source and is pumped at telecom pump wavelengths (e.g., 1.0-1.6 ?m) and produces milliwatt-range power levels in the terahertz (THz) frequency range.

Abstract: A system and method for internally inspecting a tubular composite part so as to identify and measure adhesive flow therewithin are provided, along with an endpoint adapter assembly of a near infrared (NIR) spectrometer. The system includes an end point adapter that fits within and maintains a consistent cross-sectional position within the tubular composite part. The system also includes a plurality of optical fibers extending radially outward from the end point adapter. The end point adapter moves longitudinally through the tubular composite part and receives light with the plurality of optical fibers following interaction of the light with the tubular composite part. The system further includes a NIR imaging spectrometer configured to disperse the light being collected by the plurality of optical fibers across an NIR spectrum and a NIR camera configured to generate images of the tubular composite part based on dispersed light.

Abstract: A particle counting system includes a particle counting means and pre-stage irradiation means. The particle counting means counts particles existing in a fluid by irradiating the fluid containing target particles with light at a predetermined wavelength, separating selectively autofluorescence or phosphorescence emitted from the target particles by the radiated light, receiving the separated autofluorescence or phosphorescence, and determining that the target particles are the particles according to the received autofluorescence or phosphorescence. The pre-stage irradiation means irradiates the fluid with ultraviolet light in advance before the particle counting means irradiates the fluid with the light at the predetermined wavelength. The particle counting means includes a band-pass filter that allows light having a wavelength of 450 nm to 600 nm to pass therethrough.

Abstract: There are provided a control device of an image reading apparatus, an operation method and an operation program thereof, and an image detection system capable of quickly and easily outputting an image having an appropriate density for analysis from an image reading apparatus. An image receiving unit receives a pre-image output in pre-scanning performed before main scanning for outputting a main image for analysis in an image reading apparatus. A region information receiving unit receives information of a region in the pre-image designated by a user. A calculation unit calculates an appropriate voltage value that is a voltage value of the photomultiplier at which a density of the region becomes an appropriate density for analysis. A scanning conditions setting unit sets the appropriate voltage value as temporary scanning conditions of main scanning.

Abstract: The present invention includes: a radiation detecting unit including a fluorescent body expressed by the formula ATaO4: B, C (in the formula, A is selected from at least one kind of element from among rare-earth elements involving 4f-4f transitions, B is selected from at least one kind of element, different from A, from among rare-earth elements involving 4f-4f transitions, and C is selected from at least one kind of element from among rare-earth elements involving 5d-4f transitions); an optical fiber that transmits photons generated by the fluorescent body; a light detector that converts the photons transmitted via the optical fiber 3 one by one into electrical pulse signals; a counter that counts the number of electrical pulse signals converted by the light detector; an analysis and display device 6 that obtains a radiation dose rate on the basis of the number of electrical pulse signals counted by the counter.

Abstract: A photoconductive device that includes a semiconductor substrate, an antenna assembly, and a photoconductive assembly with one or more plasmonic contact electrodes. The photoconductive assembly can be provided with plasmonic contact electrodes that are arranged on the semiconductor substrate in a manner that improves the quantum efficiency of the photoconductive device by plasmonically enhancing the pump absorption into the photo-absorbing regions of semiconductor substrate. In one exemplary embodiment, the photoconductive device is arranged as a photoconductive source and is pumped at telecom pump wavelengths (e.g., 1.0-1.6 ?m) and produces milliwatt-range power levels in the terahertz (THz) frequency range.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for determining the refractive index of a downhole fluid. Two unalike crystals are provided having faces in contact with fluid in the fluid flow line of a borehole tool. The crystals are chosen to have different refractive indices and/or different angles of incidence, but to provide total internal reflection for light that is directed through the crystals to the crystal/fluid interface. The measured attenuations for each crystal are used in conjunction with the known refractive indices and angles of incidence of said crystals to determine the refractive index of the fluid.

Abstract: A microscope apparatus includes an illumination optical system that emits activating light and exciting light, an image capturing unit that captures an image formed by an imaging optical system, an image processing unit that carries out image processing using an image capturing result from the image capturing unit, and a controller. The controller provides a plurality of image generation periods and interrupt periods; causes, in the image generation periods, the activated fluorescent material to be irradiated with the exciting light and causes the image capturing unit to capture an image of the fluorescent light from the activated fluorescent material in a plurality of frame periods; and sets an intensity of the exciting light in the interrupt periods to be lower than an intensity in the image generation periods or causes the emission of the exciting light to stop in the interrupt periods.

Abstract: A system and method for multi-spectral gas concentration analysis that includes using a library of multiple sets of optimized spectral sensitivities prepared in advance, and a multi-spectral IR gas analyzer tuned to a set of optimized spectral sensitivity. The multi-spectral IR gas analyzer measures spectral absorption of gas using one or more different sets of optimized spectral sensitivities.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system for imaging. The system may include a supporting assembly and a detector assembly. The supporting assembly may include a detection region to accommodate a subject. The detector assembly may surround the detection region. The detector assembly may be configured to detect radiation rays emitted from the subject located within the detection region. The detector assembly may include a plurality of detector rings. Each detector ring may include a scintillator array and a plurality of photosensors. The plurality of detector rings may be arranged on the supporting assembly in an axial direction of the supporting assembly to form an axial field of view (FOV) having a length no less than 0.75 meters.

Abstract: Fluorescence imaging system for an operating theatre, comprising a device illuminating the operating theatre and emitting a white light, and a fluorescence imaging device. Said fluorescence imaging device comprises a light source emitting radiation for excitation of a fluorescent marker in a range of emission wavelengths of between 600 and 900 nm. The light emitted by the illuminating device is filtered by a low-pass filter, of which the cut-off wavelength is below the emission range of the fluorescent marker, but is nonetheless able to show an increase or fluctuations in the attenuation for wavelengths above the emission range of the fluorescent marker, the product of the attenuation of the filter of the detector and of the attenuation of the low-pass filter of the illuminating device leading to an attenuation by a factor of at least 106.

Abstract: A method for photon counting for pixels in a pixelated detector is disclosed, wherein for each of the pixels, one or more neighbouring pixels are defined. The method comprises receiving a charge in one or more of the pixels and comparing for each of the pixels the charge with a trigger threshold. If the charge in a pixel is above the trigger threshold, the charge is registered in the pixel after a registration delay, wherein the registration delay is dependent on the level of the charge received in the pixel in such a way that a registration delay decreases with increasing charge. A counter for a pixel is incremented when the charge is registered and an increment of a counter of the neighbouring pixels is inhibited. Pixelated semiconductor detectors are also disclosed.

Abstract: Example embodiments of a radiation detection system including a detector is described. The detector can include a scintillator, a sensor, and a light source. The radiation detection system can further include a controller programmed to control the light source to expose the scintillator to a light to saturate traps in the scintillator. In some embodiments, the detector can further include a second light source, and the controller is programmed to control the second light source to expose the scintillator to a second light to detrap afterglow traps in the scintillator.

Abstract: A method includes placing an imaging device in contact with a sample, irradiating the sample via an illuminator such that radiation scatters off of the structure, and providing the scattered radiation to a detector to generate a digital video signal. A processor then performs various operations including subtracting a sum of a black state value and a user-defined black level clamping value from the digital video signal to create subtracted image data, substituting negative values in the subtracted image data with a reference value to create modified image data, and amplifying the modified image data by a user-defined gain to create contrast enhanced image data.

Abstract: A pixel circuit that includes: a substrate body having a channel influenced by an electric field; an aperture in communication with the channel for receiving a fluorescent light input and moving electrons through the substrate body; and a plurality of sampling devices adapted to be switched on simultaneously to sample the moving electrons.

Abstract: A sensor apparatus having a sensor unit. The sensor unit including pixel assemblages on a substrate upper side of a substrate located on a lower side of the sensor unit; a cap, on the substrate upper side, which covers the pixel assemblages, a cavity being formed between the substrate upper side and the cap; a plurality of filters that are transparent to wavelength regions that differ from one another, exactly one pixel assemblage being associated with each filter; and the filters being on the cap so that the infrared radiation propagated through an absorption gap of the sensor apparatus and the upper side of the sensor unit is detectable, through the respective filter, by the pixel assemblage associated with the respective filter; and a coating made of a light-absorbing and/or light-reflecting material being configured at least locally on a part of the cap which is not covered by the filters.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes a plurality of semiconductor light receiving elements and a plurality of reflection elements that segment a scintillator array. A plurality of respective segment areas by the reflection elements. A plurality of amplifiers amplify signals obtained from respective semiconductor light receiving elements. The scintillator array includes a plurality of scintillators. The radiation detector provides a first accumulator per segment area, and a first trigger generation circuit per segment area. The first trigger generation circuit generates a first trigger of the multiple signal added by the first accumulator for each of the plurality of respective segment areas. An encoder generates a single first trigger signal based on the first trigger.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed herein comprising one or more optically reflective materials, one or more electrodes, one or more photodetecting materials, and one or more substrates. At least one optically reflective material is electrically insulating, and the electrodes are positioned adjacent to the insulating optically reflective material. Additionally, the photodetecting materials are positioned on the substrates and are adjacent to the one or more electrodes. A method is disclosed comprising providing one or more photodetecting materials positioned on one or more substrates, placing one or more electrodes adjacent to the photodetecting materials, and placing one or more optically reflective materials adjacent to the electrodes and/or substrate. At least one optically reflective material is electrically insulating, and the insulating optically reflective material is placed adjacent to the electrodes. A method is also disclosed comprising providing an apparatus as above and using the apparatus.