Abstract: A manner of providing an energy-efficient two-stage PON using a multistage-PON repeater to forward data traffic and other communications between the first stage and the second stage. The multistage-PON repeater receives BI-PON transmission frames from and OLT and decimates them, forwarding data intended for end devices of the second stage. The multistage-PON repeater rate adapts the transmissions so that faster speeds may be associated with PON first stage communications and slower speeds are associated with PON second stage communications. Many though not all of the multistage-PON components are configured to operate at the slower clock speed, conserving energy. Upstream transmissions from the end devices of the second stage are buffered in the multistage-PON repeater and forwarded to the OLT according to an allocation schedule received from the OLT in a BI-PON frame.

Abstract: An optical transceiver that implements an inner fiber to optically connect an optical receptacle with an optical module is disclosed. The optical module in a ceiling thereof forms a gap against a printed circuit board (PCB) electrically connected with the optical module by a flexible printed circuit (FPC) board. The inner fiber is extended in a gap formed between the PCB and the FPC, or between the FPC and the ceiling of the optical module.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing a request to transmit a radio signal emitted by a radio terminal to a radio management module. The radio management module authorizes the radio terminal to emit the radio signal to a radio module associated with the radio terminal. The radio module has optical processing elements connected to one end of an optical link via which the radio signal modulated on the optical carrier is to be transmitted. The method includes the following steps, applied by an optical management module connected to the radio management module: generating an activation request to activate the optical processing elements of the radio module associated with the terminal by transmission-related parameters included in the transmission request, the transmission-related parameters being transmitted to the optical management module by the radio management module, and emitting, to the associated radio module, the activation request to activate the optical processing elements.

Abstract: A method at a transmitter of a tunable laser of controlling a mode change of the laser during a transmission of data to a receiver of a terminating node is based on the determination of a time instance for initiation of the mode change on the basis of the state of the tunable laser. In addition, buffer occupancy and/or the state of the data transmission may be considered when determining such a time instance. In addition, data of the data transmission is buffered during the mode change, such that data loss is avoided during the change of mode. A transmitter is also provided which can execute the suggested mode changing method.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus, that monitors a wavelength tunable optical filter for filtering an optical signal to which a frequency modulation component is added, includes: an optical filter configured to filter the optical signal output from the wavelength tunable optical filter; a detector configured to detect amplitude of the frequency modulation component included in the optical signal output from the optical filter; a generator configured to generate an output-side amplitude distribution representing a distribution of the amplitude of the frequency modulation component detected by the detector, by sweeping a transmission wavelength of the optical filter; and a monitoring unit configured to monitor arrangement of a transmission wavelength band of the wavelength tunable optical filter with respect to a spectrum of the optical signal based on the output-side amplitude distribution generated by the generator.

Abstract: Free space optics (FSO) is a wireless technology that utilizes optical frequencies. Previously available FSO transceivers are restricted to point-to-point links because of the high directivity of laser light used to transmit data. By contrast, various implementations disclosed herein include a multi-beam FSO apparatus that is less reliant on point-to-point links, and includes a lens assembly and a planar array of optical communication devices. The lens assembly includes at least one surface shaped to direct ingress light received substantially within a first angular range towards a focal plane, and to direct egress light away from the focal plane into the first angular range. The planar array includes a plurality of optical communication devices arranged in association with the focal plane of the lens assembly, wherein each of the plurality of optical communication devices characterizes at least one of a plurality of optical communication link endpoints.

Abstract: A method (10) of selecting an optical signal power for an optical signal carrying traffic encoded on the optical signal in a modulation format. The optical signal is for transmission across an optical path in an optical communications system. The method (10) comprises: a. providing a probe optical signal at a probe signal power (12). The probe optical signal carries test traffic encoded on the probe optical signal in said modulation format (14). b. transmitting the probe optical signal across the optical path (16); and c. receiving the probe optical signal at an end of the optical path (18) and measuring an indicator of the quality of the received probe optical signal (20). The method comprises implementing steps a. to c. for each of a plurality of different probe signal powers (22, 26).

Abstract: Systems and methods may provide for an optical module including an optical demultiplexer to receive a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signal from a single receive optical fiber and separate the WDM signal into a plurality of optical signals. Additionally, the optical module may include a receiver conversion unit to convert the plurality of optical signals into a corresponding plurality of electrical signals. In addition, the optical module may include a buffer chip having a single clock and data recovery (CDR) module to recover a clock from a designated signal in the plurality of electrical signals and distribute the recovered clock to a plurality of data lanes corresponding to the plurality of electrical signals.

Abstract: An optical-electrical converter includes a converter body, two optical-electrical conversion modules and a housing. One end of the converter body is provided with an optical fiber insertion port. The optical-electrical conversion modules are arranged on two sides of the converter body to perform conversion of optical-electrical signal, respectively. The housing is used for covering a portion of the converter body to shield the optical-electrical conversion modules. Because of multiple optical-electrical conversion modules provided by the optical-electrical converter, the arrangement number and volume of the optical-electrical converter in optical fiber network equipment may be reduced significantly to comply with the miniaturization trend of optical fiber network equipment.

Abstract: Distributed antenna systems providing and supporting radio frequency (RF) communication services and digital data services, and related components and methods are disclosed. The RF communication services can be distributed over optical fiber to client devices, such as remote antenna units for example. Power can also be distributed over electrical medium that is provided to distribute digital data services, if desired, to provide power to remote communications devices and/or client devices coupled to the remote communications devices for operation. In this manner, as an example, the same electrical medium used to transport digital data signals in the distributed antenna system can also be employed to provide power to the remote communications devices and/or client devices coupled to the remote communications devices.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention provide techniques for compensating nonlinear impairments of a signal traversing an optical communications system. A parallel array of linear convolutional filters are configured to process a selected set of samples of the signal to generate an estimate of a nonlinear interference field. The predetermined set of samples comprises a first sample and a plurality of second samples. A processor applies the estimated nonlinear interference field to the first sample to least partially compensate the nonlinear impairment.

Abstract: A Wavelength Adaptation Module and a method therein for adapting an Optical Time Domain Reflectometry, OTDR, signal for supervision of Optical Network Terminals, ONTs, in a Passive Optical Network, PON, are provided. The wavelength of the OTDR signal is adapted to have a pre-selected wavelength to enable a splitter in a remote node to forward the OTDR signal to a dedicated group of ONTs in the PON, thereby supervising the fiber links between the remote node and the dedicated group of ONTs. Likewise, a remote node and a method therein for receiving an OTDR signal having a pre-selected wavelength from the Wavelength Adaptation Module and for outputting the OTDR signal to a dedicated group of ONTs with regards to the pre-selected wavelength of the received OTDR signal are provided.

Abstract: An apparatus determines, in response to demands for traffic between nodes in a network transmitting wavelength-multiplexed optical-signals, routes each providing connection between nodes, and estimates, for each link, communication-channels to be established, based on a wavelength-constraint condition that the number of communication-channels to be established be not greater than a first upper-limit for available optical-signal wavelengths. The apparatus assigns wavelengths to the communication-channels, based on a system-constraint condition that the number of optical-signals having an identical wavelength and redundantly usable be not greater than a second upper-limit for available transmission-systems. The apparatus determines a target-number of wavelengths for reducing a required number of transmission-systems.

Abstract: A reactive metal optical security device for implementation in an optical network and/or system to provide a mechanism for disrupting the optical network and/or system. The security device includes a mirror comprising a reactive metal stack and configured to reflect an optical signal and receive an electrical signal. The security device further includes a semiconductor chip configured to send the electrical signal to the mirror.

Abstract: A voice communication unit for communicating through a barrier is provided, enabling handicapped persons to use the device, and comprising an outer audio unit, an inner audio unit, an outer audio frequency modulation loop, and an infrared audio frequency transmitter. The outer audio unit comprises an outer voice sensing device configured for sensing voice at an outer side and generating voice signals for an inner side and an outer voice reproducing device configured for reproducing voice at the outer side from voice signal from the inner side. The outer audio frequency modulation loop is configured for activating and delivering the voice signals to an external hearing aid device having a Telecoil. The infrared audio frequency transmitter is configured for activating and delivering the voice signals to an external hearing aid device having an infrared detector.

Abstract: A method for allocating uplink and downlink bandwidth, includes: receiving, by a primary ONU, a primary PON downlink frame sent by a nested OLT, where the primary PON downlink frame carries a primary ONU uplink bandwidth grant and a secondary ONU uplink bandwidth grant; parsing, by the primary ONU, the primary PON downlink frame to acquire the primary ONU uplink bandwidth grant and the secondary ONU uplink bandwidth grant; and sending, by the primary ONU, a secondary PON downlink frame to a secondary ONU, where the secondary PON downlink frame carries the acquired secondary ONU uplink bandwidth grant. The present disclosure achieves an optimal overall performance for the two stages of PONs by considering general conditions of the two stages of PONs, and meanwhile ensures a maximum available bandwidth for the two stages of PONs during formulation of bandwidth grants.

Abstract: A noise suppression method is used in an optical transmission system which includes node equipments transmitting a WDM optical signal. First node equipment drops a first optical signal from the WDM optical signal. The method includes: transmitting a failure signal that specifies the first optical signal from second node equipment to the first node equipment via a first route when the second node equipment arranged on the first route for transmitting the first optical signal to the first node equipment has detected a failure of the first optical signal; transmitting a shutoff signal that specifies the first optical signal from the first node equipment toward the second node equipment via the first route; and shutting off an optical output of a wavelength corresponding to the first optical signal in third node equipment that has relayed the failure signal and has received the shutoff signal.

Abstract: Each optical transmission device includes a detecting unit, a notifying unit, and a control unit. The detecting unit detects a value of the optical power of each of multiple wavelengths. The notifying unit notifies an optical transmission device at the upstream side of a control frame that includes the value and that includes information that indicates the execution state of the optical power control. The control unit calculates the adjustment level on the basis of the optical power of each of the wavelengths detected by the detecting unit. Furthermore, when the information included in the control frame sent from an optical transmission device at the downstream side indicates that the optical power control is being stopped, the control unit calculates the adjustment level on the basis of the value included in the control frame and executes optical power control by setting the calculated adjustment level to the optical device.

Abstract: Example embodiments presented herein are directed towards an optical testing node, and method therein, for establishing transmission parameters for optical communications in an iterative manner. The establishment of the transmission parameters may comprise adjusting various parameters such as a modulation scheme, a light path length, and/or a spectral width.

Abstract: A method includes monitoring, by a transceiver, a first wavelength corresponding to a transmitted optical signal. The method includes monitoring a second wavelength corresponding to a received optical signal. The method also includes determining whether the first wavelength is identifiably different than the second wavelength. The method includes maintaining a separation between the first and second wavelengths if the first and second wavelengths are identifiably different. The first and second wavelengths are separated if the first and second wavelengths are not identifiably different. The method further includes maintaining the separation between the first and second wavelengths following separation of the first and second wavelengths.