Abstract: Disclosed is a method of: providing a hydrogenated sp2 carbon allotrope, and releasing hydrogen gas from the carbon allotrope. The method may use an apparatus having: a vessel for containing the hydrogenated sp2 carbon allotrope, a fuel cell capable of using hydrogen gas a fuel, and a tube for transporting hydrogen gas from the vessel to the fuel cell. The carbon allotrope may be made by: providing a mixture of an sp2 carbon allotrope and liquid ammonia, adding an alkali metal to the mixture, and sonicating the mixture to form a hydrogenated form of the carbon allotrope. The hydrogenated carbon can be at least 3.5 wt % hydrogen covalently bound to the carbon.

Abstract: Provided is a graphite material comprising a plurality of graphite crystals and an electrically-conductive material embedded between the plurality of graphite crystals, and methods of making thereof. Such graphite material can be prepared by integrating a graphite precursor material with a seed material, which can be selected from graphene, carbon nanotubes, silicon-containing material, or a combination thereof, to form a graphite precursor composite; and graphitizing the graphite precursor composite to form the graphite material.

Abstract: A metal-assisted microwave treatment that converts raw coal powders into nano-graphite is presented. Specifically, four major factors are identified for successful conversion: (1) high temperature; (2) reducing environment; (3) catalyst; and (4) microwave radiation. Specifically, it is determined that the combination of the carbon sources (raw coal powders), the high temperature (microwave induced electric sparking), the reducing environment (the Ar/H2 mixture), the catalyst (Cu foil), with the microwave radiations can generate nano-graphite. This novel approach utilizes the sparking induced by the microwave radiation on the fork-shape metal foils to generate high temperature (>1000° C.) within few seconds. The small thermal load makes this method cost effective and has potential for higher temperature using metals with higher melting temperature. Refinement of this technique is possible to yield a higher quality and quantity of nano-graphite materials for a wider range of applications.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system, including a wastewater phase-separation device, may be used to combine at least one primary treatment chemical and wastewater to produce cleaned water and a sludge byproduct. The wastewater treatment system may also include a wastewater dewatering device that may be used to combine the sludge byproduct and at least one secondary treatment chemical to produce a Medium to High Solids Content Sludge without excess water. A method for producing sludge for cement manufacturing may include combining wastewater and at least one primary treatment chemical to form a liquid phase and a solid phase, where the liquid phase includes clean water and the solid phase includes a sludge byproduct, separating the liquid phase from the solid phase, combining the solid phase with at least one secondary treatment chemical to form an intermediate that contains excess water, and removing the excess water from the intermediate to form a Medium to High Solids Content Sludge.

Abstract: A separation and extraction method includes immersing a battery in water comprising sodium chloride and a polypeptide. The sodium chloride can facilitate discharge of the battery and the polypeptide can collect substances from the battery. After the battery is taken out of the water, the method may further include pulverizing the battery, sorting metal materials from the pulverized battery; and re-immersing the sorted metal material in the water.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage composite material includes: a graphene oxide framework provided as a porous structure and having an average pore diameter of 1 to 2 nm; and the graphene oxide framework is impregnated with a metal hydride, the graphene oxide framework comprises: a graphene oxide; and a linker connecting the graphene oxide.

Abstract: The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide colloidal silica for metal polishing that is capable of achieving a high polishing rate. This problem can be achieved by a colloidal silica for metal polishing, comprising a silica particle having a surface on which a functional group having at least one carboxyl group is immobilized by covalent bonding.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and compositions related to the recycling and/or recovery of activating materials from activated aluminum are disclosed. In one embodiment, an aqueous solution's composition may be controlled to maintain aluminum ions dissolved in solution during reaction of an activated aluminum. In another embodiment, aluminum hydroxide containing the activating materials may be dissolved into an aqueous solution to isolate the activating materials.

Abstract: A coupling for pipe-in-pipe pipeline tubing formed of an assembly of sections each incorporating an inner pipe and an outer pipe butt-welded to the inner pipe, two successive sections being joined together by the welding of respective inner pipes delimiting a segment of inner pipe. The coupling is formed by a sleeve arranged perpendicularly to the segment and a filler material constituted by a quick-set mortar based on aluminous cement and sand, the filler material being arranged in the free space delimited by the sleeve, the segment and the outer pipes of two successive sections.

Abstract: A multi-component inorganic capsule anchoring system can be used for chemical fastening of anchors, bolts, screw anchors, screw bolts, and post-installed reinforcing bars in mineral substrates. The multi-component inorganic capsule anchoring system contains a curable powdery ground-granulated blast-furnace slag-based component A, and an initiator component B in aqueous-phase for initiating the curing process. The powdery ground-granulated blast-furnace slag-based component A contains further silica dust. The component B contains an alkali- or alkaline earth-hydroxide, alkali- or alkaline earth-carbonate, or alkali- or alkaline earth-sulfate component.

Abstract: A method of preparing borosulfate materials avoids the need for fuming sulfuric acid, also known as oleum. Instead, B(OH)3 present in solution in concentrated sulfuric acid at 5% to 15% by weight is reacted with a cation source at 100-250° C. under dynamic vacuum while in connection with a receiving vessel comprising a desiccant and separate from the reaction vessel, thereby causing formation of a borosulfate material in the reaction vessel while eliminated water is collected in the receiving vessel.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a coating composition including a graphene oxide and a solvent. At least one of a carboxyl group and an epoxide group of the graphene oxide is functionalized by an amine. The amine has an activation energy to an epoxide group of the graphene oxide of about ?3 kcal/mol to about 8 kcal/mol. A method of forming a stacked structure using the coating composition is provided. A method of manufacturing a display device using the coating composition is provided.

Abstract: A vehicle surface treatment composition includes a colloidal inorganic oxide dispersion or a soluble silicate amenable to application to both porous and semi-porous vehicle hard surfaces to provide a multi-surface protective barrier that imparts water repellency and weathering protection properties to the vehicle finish. The composition provides a hard surface cleaning and forms a coating to the applied surface. The compositions provide treated surface properties that include keeping clean, scratch/mar defense, bug repellency, UV protection, and weathering defense. The compositions create treated surfaces that are highly smooth and lubricious which provide enhanced protection, while achieving a high luster finish with a streak free appearance. The composition is readily applied through resort to a conventional trigger spray application, propellant aerosol, or a sponge or cloth for wipe application onto the vehicle surface.

Abstract: Techniques for preparing an electrocatalyst include growing and immobilizing an earth-abundant metal on an MXene two-dimensional (2D) substrate using a solvothermal, hydrothermal, or electrodeposition process. The earth-abundant metal may include NiFeOOH. The earth-abundant metal may include Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ti, V, Cr, and a combination thereof. The earth-abundant metal may be nanoparticles. The nanoparticles may include multiple metals. The electrocatalyst may be provided for an oxygen evolution reaction. The electrocatalyst may produce a current density of 500-1000 mA/cm2 for at least 20 hours without degradation thereof.

Abstract: Presented is a catalyst composition having exceptional properties for converting sulfur, sulfur compounds, and carbon monoxide contained in gas streams by catalyzed hydrolysis, hydrogenation and water-gas shift reactions. The catalyst comprises underbedded molybdenum and cobalt with an overlayer of molybdenum and cobalt. These metals are present in the catalyst within certain concentration ranges and relative weight ratios. The underbedded metals are present in the catalyst within a specified range relative to the overlayer and total metals. The underbedded metals are formed by co-mulling an inorganic oxide with the catalytically active metals of molybdenum and cobalt. The co-mulled mixture is calcined and then impregnated with overlaid molybdenum and cobalt.

Abstract: Provided is an adhesive composition, an adhesive product, and a method of preparing an adhesive composition. The adhesive composition including lysine, oxaloacetic acid, and water, wherein the lysine and the oxaloacetic acid are present in the form of an aqueous salt solution and do not form precipitates in the aqueous solution.

Abstract: Provided is a calcium carbonate that comprises crystals having a particular shape and structure and has a nano-order average particle size. Provided are a method for producing a calcium carbonate that comprises crystals having a particular shape and structure and has an average particle size in a particular range and a crystal growth method. The calcium carbonate has the calcite structure, has a BET specific surface area of 2 to 50 m2/g, has a number-based average particle size of 30 nm to 1.0 ?m as determined by electron microscopy, and partially comprises substantially ring-like particles.

Abstract: A supported transition metal carbide catalyst and a one-step synthesis method thereof are disclosed. The synthesis method includes: mixing a supporter, a transition metal precursor and a solid carbon source and then grinding to form a solid mixture; and putting the solid mixture into a reducing atmosphere, performing carbonization treatment and high-temperature programming thermal treatment in turn, and then at a protective atmosphere, cooling and passivating, so as to obtain the supported transition metal carbide catalyst. The synthesis method provided by the present application utilizes high-temperature solid solution reaction for further synthesis, which at least has the following advantages: the preparation process flow is simple so processes such as impregnation and carburization with gas carbon source can be avoided; different supporters used for catalyst modification, and the prepared catalyst has the characteristics of large outer surface area, rich notable metal-like catalytic property and the like.

Abstract: Silica particles include a nitrogen-containing compound. When the volumes of pores having a diameter of 1 nm or more and 50 nm or less, the volumes being determined from a pore size distribution curve of the silica particles before and after the silica particles are baked at 350° C., the pore size distribution curve being obtained by nitrogen gas adsorption, are defined as A and B, respectively, B/A is 1.2 or more and 5 or less and B is 0.2 cm3/g or more and 3 cm3/g or less.

Abstract: Methods are provided for forming supported catalyst compositions and/or corresponding intermediate catalyst products. The catalyst compositions have improved activity for hydroprocessing of distillate boiling range feeds under hydroprocessing conditions where the hydrogen partial pressure in the hydroprocessing environment is reduced or minimized. The catalyst compositions can correspond to supported CoMo catalysts. The improved activity for hydroprocessing under lower pressure conditions is unexpectedly achieved by using a plurality of treatments with organic compounds during the catalyst formation process.