Abstract: A .beta.-lactam of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is aryl, substituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl, acyl, acetal, ethoxyethyl, or other hydroxyl protecting group; and R.sub.3 is aryl, substituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl; and process for the preparation of taxol comprising contacting said .beta.-lactam and an alcohol in the presence of an activating agent to provide a taxol intermediate, and converting the intermediate to taxol.