Abstract: A process for the oxidation of a C2 to C4 alkane to produce the corresponding alkene and carboxylic acid which process comprises contacting in an oxidation reaction zone, said alkane, molecular oxygen-containing gas, and the corresponding alkene and optionally, water, in the presence of at least one catalyst active for the oxidation of the alkane to the corresponding alkene and carboxylic acid, to produce a product stream comprising alkene, carboxylic acid and water, wherein in said process the molar ratio of alkene to carboxylic acid produced in said oxidation reaction zone is adjusted or maintained at a pre-determined value by controlling the concentrations of the alkene and optional water in said oxidation reaction zone and optionally by also controlling one or more of the pressure, temperature and residence time of the oxidation reaction zone. Such an oxidation process may be used in an integrated process, such as for the manufacture of vinyl acetate or ethyl acetate.

Abstract: A carrier for use in the catalyst for the production of an epoxide is obtained by preparing a carrier precursor containing (a) ?-alumina, (b) silicon or a compound thereof, and (c) at least one element selected from the class consisting of germanium, tin, lead, phosphorus, antimony, and bismuth or a compound thereof and subsequently heat-treating the precursor in non-oxidative gas. The catalyst for the production of the epoxide is obtained by having silver deposited on this carrier and the epoxide is obtained from a corresponding unsaturated hydrocarbon of 2–4 carbon atoms with a high selectivity by using the catalyst.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula are useful for treating conditions which arise from or are exacerbated by angiogenesis. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods of treatment using the compounds, methods of inhibiting angiogenesis, and methods of treating cancer.

Abstract: A process for preparing 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroquinolinone by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation of N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-chloropropionamide in which an equivalent of N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-chloropropionamide is contacted with a Lewis acid in DMSO or a high boiling amide or amine at an elevated temperature of from about 150° C. to about 220° C. is provided. The process produces 6-HQ in high yield and a high state of purity such that it may be used in subsequent reactions toward the preparation of cilostazol without intermediate purification. A process for preparing cilostazol from 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroquinolinone prepared by the process and improved processes for preparing N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-chloropropionamide are also provided.

Abstract: Processes and intermediates for preparing 2-substituted piperidines such as 2-substituted d-threo piperidines are provided, including processes and intermediates for resolution of piperidyl acetamide stereoisomers.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1-benzyl-4-[(5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanon)-2-yl] methyl piperidine hydrochloride (Donepezil HCl) is disclosed. 5,6-Dimethoxy-2-(pyridin-4-yl) methylene inda-1-one is hydrogenated with a noble metal catalyst or a non-oxide derivative of a noble metal catalyst in a solvent at 20-100° C. and 10-90 psi gauge pressure. The resulting 4-[(5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanon)-2-yl] methyl piperidine is alkylated with an alkylating agent in an organic solvent at 20-80° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof, and methods for treating neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly pain and migraine.

Abstract: A process for amino acid derivatives shown by the below general formula (I): (wherein R1 means a hydrogen atom or a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group with 1-5 carbon atoms.) having an object to provide a process of the amino acid derivatives of the formula (I) and their synthetic intermediate, t-butoxycarbonylamino-ethylamine, whereby it requires no tedious procedure and is also good in yield, and its application to a mass production is easy, and to provide novel amino acid derivatives of the formula (IV), their synthetic intermediates, and a process thereof, characterized in that it comprises a step to obtain the amino acid derivatives shown by the general formula (I) by hydrolysis of compounds shown by the below formula (II): (wherein R1 has the same meaning as described above, and R2 means a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process produces an optically active amine or its salt and includes the steps of reacting a ketone of Formula (1a) wherein R1 is typically an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbon group; and R2a is typically a hydrocarbon group having at least one oxo group and optionally having other substituent, with an optically active amine of Formula (2): wherein R3 is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group; R4 is an unsubstituted or substituted lower alkyl group; and C1 is an asymmetric carbon atom, in the presence of an organic acid to thereby yield a corresponding optically active imine, hydrogenating the imine in the presence of a catalyst to yield a corresponding amine, subjecting the amine or its salt to hydrogenolysis in the presence of a catalyst, and reducing the hydrogenolyzed product with a reducing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I): useful in treating Alzheimer's disease and other similar diseases. These compounds include inhibitors of the beta-secretase enzyme that are useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other diseases characterized by deposition of A beta peptide in a mammal. The compounds of the invention are useful in pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment to reduce A beta peptide formation.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein R1, R2 and R3 are various substituent groups; and one of X1 and X2 is N or CR?, and the other is NR? or CHR? wherein R? is hydrogen, OH, C1-6alkyl, or C3-7cycloalkyl; or when one of X1 and X2 is N or CR? then the other may be S or O; and their use as pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyuronic acid having an average degree of polymerization less than 20. The method of the present invention comprises the steps: (a) providing a solution containing 5 wt. % or more of a high molecular weight polyuronic acid predominantly as its lithium salt; (b) adding hydrogen peroxide and a ferrous salt to the solution prepared in step (a) to oxidatively degrade the high molecular weight polyuronic acid; and (c) isolating a polyuronic acid having an average degree of polymerization less than 20 obtained in step (b).

Abstract: Compounds having a structure according to Formula (I): are effective in a method of increasing erythropoietin and vascularization of tissue in a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel ?-substituted-?-aminoethylphosphonate derivatives and their uses for lowering plasma levels of apo (a), Lp(a), apo B, apo B associated lipoproteins (low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins) and for lowering plasma levels of total cholesterol.

Abstract: A red-emitting organic electroluminescent compound, the structure of the compound as follows: wherein n is an integer of 1˜6; Ar represents aryl or heteroaryl; R1 and R2 individually represent alkyl of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl, carbocyclic and other heterocyclic systems; R3 and R4 individually represent hydrogen, alkyl of from 1 to 10 atoms, branched or unbranched 5 or 6 member substituent ring connecting respectively with R1 and R2, or alkyl methyl silane group; R5 represents alkyl of from 1 to 20 atoms, aryl, or heteroaryl; and R6 represents alkyl of from 1 to 10 atoms, and a 5 or 6-member carbocyclic ring connecting with R5.

Abstract: Intermediate compounds which can be used in the preparation of phytone and Vitamin E, a process for the preparation thereof, and a process for the preparation of phytone and Vitamin E from these intermediate compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel substituted aryl ketones of the general formula (I) wherein all variables are as defined in the specification, and to processes for their preparation, to intermediates and to the use of these compounds as herbicides.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel cathepsin S, K, F, L and B reversible inhibitory compounds of the formula (Ia) and (Ib) where R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, Het and X are defined herein. The compounds are useful for treating autoimmune and other diseases. Also disclosed are processes for making such novel compounds.

Abstract: Nitroaromatic compounds and immunogenic conjugates comprising a novel nitroaromatic compound and a carrier protein are disclosed. The invention further presents monoclonal antibodies highly specific for the claimed nitroaromatic compounds, the compounds' protein conjugates, the compounds' reductive byproducts, and adducts formed between the compounds and mammalian hypoxic cell tissue proteins. The invention is further directed to methods for detecting tissue hypoxia using immunohistological techniques, non-invasive nuclear medicinal methods, or nuclear magnetic resonance. Diagnostic kits useful in practicing the methods of claimed invention are also provided.

Abstract: Seco-baccatin III derivatives of formula: wherein R, R1-R4, R1 R?, R11 R?, and R111 R?? are disclosed herein; pharmaceutical compositions comprising seco-baccatin III derivative; and methods for treating cancer, arthritis, and inhibiting angiogenesis in an animal comprising administrating to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a seco-baccatin III derivative are disclosed.