Abstract: A method for obtaining a plurality of pluripotent adult olfactory stem cells (APOSCs) includes isolating the APOSCs, culturing the isolated APOSCs in a sphere culture medium, and collecting the cultured APOSCs that express Bmi-1 (B-lymphoma moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1), Oct-4 (Octamer-binding transcription factor 4), Sox-2 (Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 2), Nanog, SSEA-4 (Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4), ki67, c-Myc, KLF-4 (Kruppel Like Factor 4), K14 (Cytokeratin 14) and ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1).

Abstract: Methods for the prevention and treatment of ocular disorders, in particular glaucoma, through blocking the toxic effects of ?-amyloid (A?) derivatives, and pharmaceutical compositions for effecting such prevention and treatment thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel antibody against HERV-K envelope that targets a conserved region not affected by glycosylation or by native conformation, and its use in diagnostics and/or is therapy.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of screening for anti-PACAP antibodies, or anti-PACAP receptor antibodies, and antigen binding fragments thereof, for potential use in treating or preventing PACAP-associated photophobia or light aversion, and therapeutic compositions containing and methods of using anti-PACAP antibodies, or anti-PACAP receptor antibodies, and antigen binding fragments thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides TrkB agonist antibodies or antigen-binding fragments that specifically enhance TrkB signaling activities. The invention also provides therapeutic methods of using such antibodies for promoting survival and regeneration of retinal ganglion cells, and for treating or preventing subjects suffering from or at risk of developing various neurodegenerative conditions such as glaucoma.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synthetic analgesic peptides that are analogs of the ?-conotoxin peptide RgIA and their use for treating pain and other disorders.

Abstract: The present invention provides antibodies that bind to human GFR?3 and methods of using same. According to certain embodiments of the invention, the antibodies are fully human antibodies that bind to human GFR?3. The antibodies of the invention are useful for the treatment of diseases and disorders associated with one or more GFR?3 biological activities, including the treatment of acute or chronic pain conditions, or inflammatory conditions.

Abstract: Provided is an isolated TrkB agonist antibody that binds to an epitope contained in one of the extracellular domains of TrkB and is capable of activating TrkB, wherein the extracellular domains comprises extracellular D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 domains and juxtamembrane domain of TrkB. Methods of using the TrkB agonist antibody in treating or reducing the risk of a TrkB associated conditions in a subject, wherein said condition is selected from cell differentiation, synaptic development, neural injury repairing and/or neurite branching.

Abstract: Aggregated Tau protein is associated with over 20 neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease. Previous work has shown that Tau's sequence segments VQIINK (SEQ ID NO: 11) and VQIVYK (SEQ ID NO: 9) drive its aggregation, and that inhibitors based on the structure of the VQIVYK (SEQ ID NO: 9) segment partially inhibit Tau aggregation. Here we show that the VQIINK (SEQ ID NO: 11) segment is the more powerful driver of Tau aggregation. Two structures of this segment determined by the cryo EM method MicroED explain its more powerful seeding. Of practical significance, the understanding of the structures has led to the design of structure based peptide inhibitors that effectively inhibit Tau aggregation as well as the ability of exogenous Tau fibrils to seed intracellular Tau in mammalian cells into amyloid.

Abstract: CSF diagnostic in vitro method for the diagnosis of dementias and neuroinflammatory diseases, in which a determination of the procalcitonin immunoreactivity (PCT immunoreactivity) is carried out in a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient who is suffering from a dementia or neuroinflammatory disease or is suspected of suffering from such a disease. Conclusions about the presence, the course, the severity or the success of a treatment of the dementia or neuroinflammatory disease are drawn from a measured PCT immunoreactivity which is above a threshold value typical for healthy individuals.

Abstract: The present invention provides lyophilized formulations of active agents, particularly of TAT-NR2B9c. TAT-NR2B9c has shown promise for treating stroke, aneurysm, subarachnoid hemorrhage and other neurological or neurotraumatic conditions. Such formulations are stable at room temperature thus facilitating maintenance of supplies of such a formulation in ambulances for administration at the scene of illness or accident or in transit to a hospital.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions, systems, kits, and methods for treating nervous system injuries caused by trauma or neurodegeneration or aging in a subject by administering a CSPG or SOCS3 reduction peptide (CRP and SRP respectively), or a nucleic acid sequence encoding the CRP or SRP, wherein both the CRP and SRP comprise a cell membrane penetrating domain, and a lysosome targeting domain, and the CRP further comprises a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) binding domain, and the SRP further comprises a suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) binding domain.

Abstract: A scorpion venom heat-resistant synthetic peptide (SVHRSP) contains an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 1. One or more amino acids the amino acid sequence can be substituted or deleted. A pharmaceutical composition that contains the SVHRSP has numerous applications. The pharmaceutical composition can be used to protect neuronal cell against amyloid beta-induced toxic effects, or to inhibit the sodium channel current of a hippocampal neuronal cell, or to protect a neuronal cell against NMDA-induced injury. It may also promote the formation of a pluripotent neural stem cell from a type II astrocyte, or treats a subject, such as a human, having epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, or Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a method of screening a human subject to determine if said subject has a genetic predisposition to develop, or is suffering from Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy (FSHD), said method comprising: (a) providing a biological sample comprising genomic DNA from the subject; and (b) analyzing the portion of the genomic DNA in the sample corresponding to the distal D4Z4-pLAM region on chromosome 4 and determining the presence or absence of a polymorphism resulting in a functional polyadenylation sequence operationally linked to exon 3 of the DUX4 gene, wherein a determination of the absence of a functional polyadenylation sequence operationally linked to exon 3 of the DUX4 gene indicates that the subject does not have a genetic predisposition to develop, and is not suffering from FSHD, and/or wherein a determination of the presence of a functional polyadenylation sequence operationally linked to exon 3 of the DUX4 gene indicates that the subject has a genetic predisposition to devel

Abstract: The invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragments thereof that binds to 3pE A? and methods of making and using the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, including use for formulations, administration and kits. The antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof and methods disclosed are useful for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease or other ?-amyloid-related diseases.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method of delivering a polypeptide molecule to an Otx2 target cell, including contacting the target cell with a chimeric polypeptide having (i) a targeting peptide consisting of SEQ ID NO: 2 and (ii) the polypeptide molecule.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of promoting neuronal growth by administering IGFBPL-1, or an agent that increases or stabilizes IGFBPL-1 activity to a subject in need thereof, e.g., a subject in need of treating optic nerve degeneration.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods of preventing or treating Friedreich's ataxia in a mammalian subject, reducing risk factors, signs and/or symptoms associated with Friedreich's ataxia, and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of Friedreich's ataxia. The methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide to e.g., reduce oxidative stress, increase mitochondrial metabolism, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A peptide is described herein that has: (i) a simple structure compared to existing natural human erythropoietin, thus capable of easily passing through a tissue-blood barrier, (ii) excellent bioactivity with respect to cell-protecting activity, (iii) a low manufacturing cost, thus being economically advantageous, and (iv) no side effects on cell proliferation. Also, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the erythropoietin-derived peptide described herein as an active ingredient is described. The pharmaceutical composition may be used for preventing or treating cell damage-related illnesses, such as stroke, mechanical damage or ischemic damage to the nervous system, myocardial infarction, retinal damage, and diabetes. Also, the described pharmaceutical composition may be used for preventing cell damage.

Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies to human tau aggregate, compositions comprising such tau antibodies, and methods of using such tau antibodies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Pick's disease.