Abstract: The present invention is to provide a novel method for manufacturing various organic compounds from two or more kinds of alcohol, or one kind of alcohol having three or more carbon atoms. It is a method for synthesizing one kind of, or two or more kinds of organic compounds comprising allowing two or more kinds of alcohol or one kind of alcohol having three or more carbon atoms to contact a calcium phosphate catalyst such as hydroxyapatite, or hydrotalcite.

Abstract: An automotive lubricant composition comprising a base fluid and an ashless polymeric dispersant is claimed. The ashless polymeric dispersant has a number average molecular weight of between 500 and 10,000 and comprises a polar tall group which itself comprises a polymeric backbone of 2 to 30 monomeric repeat units, each repeat unit comprising a hydrocarbon chain functionalised by the presence of at least one electronegative element or moiety, the tail group being linked to a polar head group which comprises a polar moiety selected from at least one of acid, ester, amide or alcohol moieties. The dispersant has good dispersancy properties, when used as a sole dispersant or in combination with other dispersants. It provides enhanced seal resistance and has good oxidative stability in automotive applications as compared to current commercial products.

Abstract: A lubricant composition applicable to a sliding section or sliding member of an automotive internal combustion engine or power transmission apparatus to significantly lower a friction coefficient. The lubricant composition contains a base oil for a lubricating oil, an oxygen-containing organic compound, a diamond nano-particle and a dispersant for the diamond nano-particle.

Abstract: The invention relates to dispersions comprising I) at least one polymer that is effective for mineral oils as a cold extrusion improver and is soluble in oil, II) at least one organic solvent that cannot be mixed with water, III) water, IV) at least one alkanolamine salt of a polycyclic carboxylic acid as a dispersing agent, and V) possibly at least one organic solvent that can be mixed with water.

Abstract: A process for treating organic matter to convert it into a product comprises the step of contacting the organic matter with supercritical liquid whereby it reacts to form the product. The liquid may be heated by an external heating medium, or may be heated internally of the process by co-feeding an oxidising agent with the liquid. This agent can be in an amount that is predetermined to control the extent to which the reaction mixture is heated. The heat can be supplied to provide sufficient activation energy for the process reaction to occur with sufficient speed and for the liquid to attain sufficient characteristics to cause the reaction.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process for hydrolyzed reforming of the ligneous cellulose biomass to produce bio-gasoline, which directly transfers the hydrolyzed-material liquid obtained from ligneous cellulose biomass through hydrolyzing into aqueous catalytic reforming system, the feed subjects to aqueous catalytic reforming reaction in low-temperature reforming reactor filled with catalyst Ni/SiO2—Al2O3 and in high-temperature reforming reactor filled with catalyst Ni/HZSM-5 in turn, the reactant is condensed and phase-separated: uncondensed bio-gasoline is absorbed by absorption liquid-C6 alkane, condensed liquid is phase-separated through phase-separator, bio-gasoline is obtained in the upper layer of the phase-separator. The invention creates a new process for producing high-quality liquid fuel oil using biomass as feedstock, which can automatically layer and separate, omitting the step of rectifying and purifying product. The feedstock is cheap and broadly available.

Abstract: Fuel compositions containing a hydrocarbon blend having a cetane number of at least 62, a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of greater than 3.0 cSt and a density at 15° C. of greater than 830 kg/m3 is disclosed. The Wear Scar value of the fuel composition is below 350 microns as determined by CEC-F-06-A-96 and/or contains (b) a paraffinic fuel boiling in the gas oil range comprising more than 90 wt % paraffins and having a cetane number of between 70 and 85 in combination with (a) a mineral derived gas oil having a density at 15° C. of between 800 and 860 kg/m3 and a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of between 1.5 and 15 cSt (mm2/s) and/or (c) a naphthenic rich blending component boiling in the gas oil range having a density at 15° C. of greater than 860 kg/m3 and having a pour point of below ?30° C.

Abstract: An initial coal is cleaned to reduce ash content by ?20% and yield refined coal that optimizes combustion air flow through a coal burner. This permits conveyance of pulverized refined coal in suspended condition through feeder pipes of the coal burner using reduced air flow compared to the quantity of air required to convey pulverized initial coal in suspended condition through the feeder pipes. This reduces oxygen in the primary combustion zone, lowering conversion of fuel nitrogen into NOx and instead converting it into N2 using the refined coal product. Reduced primary combustion air also reduces core flame temperature, reducing thermal NOx formation using the refined coal product. Increasing secondary and/or tertiary combustion air compensates for reduced primary combustion air and result in overall decrease in NOx formation (e.g., thermal NOx formation is reduced when combustion completed in cooler secondary and/or tertiary combustion zones).

Abstract: A fuel gel including an alcohol, a nontoxic denaturant, a thickening agent, and at least one neutralizing agent is disclosed. An exemplary formulation includes corn-based ethanol, denatonium benzoate, acrylic acid homopolymers, diisopropanolamine, corn-based glycerin, and distilled water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dispersion of the type comprising particles of a rare earth compound, particularly a compound of cerium, an acid and an organic phase, characterized in further comprising an anti-oxidant agent which can particularly be selected from substituted derivatives of phenol, aromatic amines or tocopherols. Said dispersion may be used as additive for diesel fuel for internal combustion engines, in particular as additive for diesel for diesel engines.

Abstract: A lubricant formulation and method of blending a lubricant formulation is disclosed. The lubricant formulation comprises at least two base stocks. The first base stock comprises a viscosity greater than 135 cSt, Kv100° C. and a tight molecular weight distribution as a function of viscosity. The second base stock comprises a viscosity less than 60 cSt, Kv100° C. The formulation also comprises a polyol ester. The lubricant formulation provides favorable properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a bio-diesel, comprising the steps of, in the presence of an additional free fatty acid source, reacting a raw oil-fat with C1-C6 monohydric alcohol in a reactor, and separating fatty acid esters from the reacted materials, so as to produce the bio-diesel, wherein the amount of the free fatty acid in the free fatty acid source ranges from 2-100 wt % and is higher than the amount of the free fatty acid in the raw fat-oil. The present process can increase the fatty acid ester yield and purity of raw oil-fats having a low reaction activity, and has a high adaptability to raw materials.

Abstract: A diesel fuel based on a blend of a diesel fuel derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process, and a mineral oil based diesel fuel having a sulfur content of less than 100 ppmw; and a method of operating a diesel engine, which method involves combusting such diesel fuel in the diesel engine.

Abstract: A method for producing a nitrone of formula (I) wherein R is a branched alkyl group having from four to thirty carbon atoms; R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently are hydrogen or alkyl groups having from one to six carbon atoms from an imine having formula (II)

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a non-acidic, sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound of the formula I where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 are as defined herein. Such a compound may exhibit improved antiwear performance and thermal stability in lubricating compositions.

Abstract: A method for producing a nitrone of formula (I) wherein R is a branched alkyl group having from four to thirty carbon atoms; R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently are hydrogen or alkyl groups having from one to six carbon atoms from an imine having formula (II)

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of amines and/or Mannich adducts as detergents and/or dispersants in fuel and lubricant compositions for direct-injection gasoline engines. The invention further relates to fuel and lubricant compositions which comprise at least one such Mannich adduct, and also a bisaminoalkylated Mannich adduct.

Abstract: The present invention provides a modified solid stick composition comprising a thermosetting plasticizer, a resin, a lubricant, a friction modifier, or a combination thereof. The solid stick compositions may be used for application between two metal surfaces in sliding and rolling-sliding contact such as steel wheel-rail systems including mass transit and freight systems. A method of reducing energy consumption, or controlling friction between a metal surface and a second metal surface by applying the solid stick composition to one or more than one of the metal surfaces, is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a fuel from vegetable oil in order to operate of diesel internal combustion engines. In said method, the oleaginous fruit is pressed, and the dripping oil is filtered. According to the invention, the dripping vegetable oil containing the cloudy matter is mixed with a clay material in a first step before being filtered and is filtered in a second step.

Abstract: Biodiesel fuels, renewable diesel fuels and feedstocks to these fuels (derived from plant seed oils or animal fats) are viewed as more environmentally friendly, renewable alternative fuels or supplemental fuels with petroleum-based diesel. Alkyl phenol amine aldehyde condensates improve the stability of biofuels by inhibiting the degradation processes. Alkyl phenylene diamines employed together with alkyl phenol amine aldehyde condensates in the biofuels give synergistically improved stability of the fuels.