Abstract: A substrate of substantially pure, hexagonal crystal, .alpha. alumina (sapphire) has a central hub and three radiating spokes. One surface of the substrate has a metallized cathode base thereon and the opposite surface is provided with a metallized heater. Electrical connection to the cathode base and heater are provided via the spokes, which are also appropriately metallized. A suitable electron emissive material is applied to the cathode base.

Abstract: A control circuit including digital circuitry and a voltage step up transformer is arranged to operate as an inverter to provide for energizing a cold cathode lamp under power provided by a d.c. source such as a battery. According to a significantly preferred feature, any one of a plurality of operating modes can be manually selected so that different illuminating effects can be provided as desired.

Abstract: A linear beam tube is provided with a gridded electron gun in which a concave cathode surface is provided with concave channels from which electrons are emitted. The channels may be arranged as concentric annuli. In a preferred embodiment the channels extend radially outwards from the center of the cathode to minimize the effects of temperature distortion. The cathode is provided with a shadow grid and a control grid is spaced from and aligned therewith.

Abstract: A thermionic electron emitter comprises a tube of wall thickness less than 0.1 mm, a body of thermionic electron emissive material compressed and sintered in the tube, and a ring, coaxial with the tube, within the body to provide constraint against cracking of the body.

Abstract: A multi-pin electrode includes a plurality of pin electrodes which are divided into n groups, each having m pin electrodes. The assembly further includes an elongated body and m sheets of elongated plate members which are cumulated one over the other on the elongated body. The pin electrodes in one group are connected in such a manner that the first, second, . . . , mth pin electrodes are connected between the elongated body and first, second, . . . , mth elongated plate members, respectively, so as to have the pin electrodes positioned in the same places in each group electrically terminate in the same elongated plate member.

Abstract: A revolving anode for an X-ray tube comprising a hollow rotating shell including a support composed of molybdenum or molybdenum-based alloy and a thin layer of tungsten, the shell being filled with liquid metal or alloy such as sodium. The zone of impact of the electrons on the shell essentially comprises the layer of tungsten or tungsten alloy in direct contact with the liquid metal.

Abstract: The planar multi-coil filament of a high-wattage halogen-cycle incandescent lamp is suspended within the envelope by a mount assembly having support rods that are fastened to the lead-in conductors, the ends of the filament and the insulating bridge members by mechanical means rather than metal-to-metal welds. The mechanical junctures are effected by providing a coiled portion on one of the components and then crimping or hot-clamping it around the inserted part of the other component. The expense and quality control problems encountered with tungsten-to-tungsten and molybdenum-to-tungsten welds in the prior art halogen-cycle lamps are thus eliminated. Lamp cost is further reduced by fabricating the envelope from a selected hard glass and, in the case of lamps having large planar filaments, distortion of the filament coiled sections is prevented by modifying the mount structure to provide a "floating bridge" action.

Abstract: A spark plug is disclosed which is used for an internal combustion engine such as an automobile. The spark plug has a carbonaceous resistance sandwiched between its spark rod electrode and its terminal rod in the central through hole of an elongated hollow cylindrical ceramic insulator. The spark electrode is made of a heat and spark resisting semiconductive resistance material, is sealed integrally with the carbonaceous resistance in the central through hole of the insulator, and produces a spark discharge between a grounded electrode spaced therefrom by a predetermined gap. The spark plug of the above-mentioned construction enables the intensity of a noise wave produced upon the spark discharge to be suppressed to the lowest possible level.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp has a hollow cylindrical filament which is constructed from transversal strips each traversing at least for the greater part the circumference of the cylinder at a distance from each other with longitudinal strips connecting the transversal strips together. The strips constitute electrically parallel current paths.Such filaments have improved resistance to deformation a low sensitivity for evolving hot spots, a low weight and compactness.

Abstract: A glass halogen, miniature incandescent lamp comprises at least two conductive pins for electrical contact and a molded seal area for secure mechanical contact in a socket.

Abstract: The disclosure is of a light-responsive electric switch which is characterized in that it is constituted mainly by a photoresistive cell inserted in a voltage-divider bridge of which the voltage variations, as functions of the illumination, control a standard integrated circuit comprising four NAND gates which, through the intermediary of a transistor, actuate a triac controlling the illumination circuit.

Abstract: A bimetal switch circuit, which consists of the series combination of a bimetal switch and a fixed resistance, is connected in parallel with a discharge lamp which is connected across an AC power source through an inductive ballast. The bimetal switch has a heating filament which is closed at the normal temperature and opened when heated to high temperatures by the heating filament. The total resistance value R.sub.o (in ohm) of the bimetal switch circuit at the normal temperature is set so as to establish the relation V.sub.s /R.sub.o .ltoreq. 1 with the effective voltage V.sub.s (in volts) of the AC power source. Under such a condition, when the bimetal switch having been once opened at the starting of the discharge lamp is closed again, high-frequency high-voltage pulses are generated across both terminals of the bimetal switch circuit, and the discharge lamp is easily and stably lit up by the high-frequency pulse voltages.

Abstract: An adapter for wire electrode assemblies of electrostatic precipitators so that wire electrodes of the type comprising an elongated electrode wire having its opposite ends terminating axially within two identical shrouds, each of the shrouds shaped as an elongated rod terminating in a combined frusto-cone and enlarged button head may be used with all types of support structures. The adapter comprises a curved or hook shaped piece of metal or other suitable material having in one end thereof a vertically aligned hole or slot adapted to cooperate with a bolt or pin, and in the other end thereof a horizontally aligned keyhole or slot adapted to receive the frusto-conical shroud of a wire electrode, the centers of the vertically aligned hole and horizontally aligned hole being in the same vertical plane.

Abstract: An improved control circuit for an electric discharge lamp includes a temperature-dependent capacitor connected in series or in parallel with the discharge lamp. The capacitor preferably has a negative temperature characteristic and is responsive to the heat generated in the discharge lamp. During the start-up period, the lamp temperature is low and the capacitance is relatively high, whereas in the operating condition of the lamp its temperature increases and the capacitance of the capacitor drops to a relatively low value. In the series arrangement, the starting current of the lamp is thereby increased over the operating current to promote better ignition of the lamp. Similarly, in the parallel arrangement the high capacitance capacitor facilitates lamp ignition, whereas during normal lamp operation the low capacitance shunt branch effectively appears as an open circuit exerting minimal influence on the lamp operation.

Abstract: Protection against potentially destructive arcs which may occur within a gas-filled incandescent lamp when the energized filament fails is achieved by partly embedding separate inner and outer lead-in conductors in an hermetic seal that is formed on one end of the lamp envelope and electrically connecting the conductors by a short uncoiled fuse element that is located within the confines of the envelope and has both of its ends embedded in the seal. In the case of halogen-cycle type lamps that have long useful design lives (in the order of 2000 hours) and press-sealed envelopes, the fuse element comprises a tungsten wire that has a diameter which is more than 10% (and up to about 20%) larger than the diameter of the filament wire and has its ends welded to a pair of molybdenum foil conductors that are embedded in the press seal and connect the fuse wire to the inner and outer lead-in conductors.

Abstract: A rotating X-ray target comprised of a graphite body having brazed thereon a metal band focal track or layer in which the configuration of the surfaces of the graphite base and the metal layer corresponds to an annular segment of a spherical surface and method for preparing same.

Abstract: A high voltage interrupter consists of a cathode disposed centrally along the axis of an annular anode ring. The anode ring is a part of the wall of an evacuated container and is enclosed by a magnetic coil. Current flows through an arc plasma struck between the cathode and anode and this arc current is controlled by a magnetic field produced by the external coil which varies the impedance of the arc and causes the arc to extinguish. The anode contains a plurality of parallel metal vanes which extend into the interior of the evacuated housing to increase the current capability of the device and to control the rate of change of the current during switching operation.

Abstract: A circuit interrupter which can be used as a high voltage d-c breaker or fault current limiter transfer switch or the like contains a pair of cooperable contacts disposed in an evacuated container. One of the contacts also serves as the cathode of a magnetically modulated vacuum arc discharge device. This cathode is spaced from an anode disposed in the wall of the evacuated housing. The anode is surrounded by a winding which is capable of producing a magnetic field which can increase the impedance of the arc plasma between the cathode and anode in order to decrease the arc current and extinguish the arc. The cooperable contacts within the interrupter serve to carry load current and also serve to create the inital arc which is transferred between the anode and cathode structures.

Abstract: The present cathode for cathode ray tube of directly heating type is characterized by comprising a cathode substrate body having two leg pieces extended in the same direction and a flat part connected to one end of each leg piece, prepared by shaping a flat metal plate of nickel- or cobalt-based alloy, a bonding layer having an uneven surface prepared by diffusion bonding by heating a powder layer comprising powders of alloy or mixture of nickel and cobalt formed on the flat part, to which a thermionic emission layer is to be bonded, and the thermionic emission layer, and has a very small deformation when used and a longer life.A cathode with much less deformation and much longer life can be obtained by using a cathode substrate body prepared from a flat metal plate provided with a thinner metal layer of at least one of nickel and cobalt on its surface than the flat metal plate by diffusion bonding.

Abstract: The device disclosed herein has a construction such that when a vehicle in motion is brought to a stop by depression of a foot brake, a lock engaging means thereof functions to lock a brake operating rod with the foot brake kept in the depressed state. When the headlights of the moving vehicle are turned on, the actuation of the lock engaging means automatically causes the headlights to be turned off and small lamps (parking lights) to be turned on instead. When the lock engaging means is released in preparation for starting the vehicle, the brake operating rod is released and the headlights are turned on again and the parking lights are turned off.